Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Benincasa hispida, commonly known as Ash gourd, has been extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine for its diverse therapeutic applications. The plant's richness of bioactive compounds, including as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and phenols, enhances its medicinal potential. B. hispida is a potential option for the development of functional foods and pharmaceutical formulations due to the potent antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities of these bioactive components. The formulation and stability of beverages derived from ash gourds have also been the subject of recent research, particularly when combined with jamun (Syzygium cumini), which is high in anthocyanins, flavonoids, and polyphenols. Over time, the bioactive compounds in these formulations have shown remarkable stability and pharmacological performance, indicating their potential as functional food additives with beneficial health effects. It was also demonstrated that the bioaccessibility of these fractions was enhanced by the addition of sugar, suggesting potential avenues for enhancing functional food compositions. Despite the promising pharmacological characteristics, additional clinical studies are required to validate the therapeutic applications of B. hispida, enhance dosage formulations, and establish consistent protocols for its administration in therapeutic settings. Closing the existing knowledge gap and encouraging more research into the therapeutic potential of ash gourd as a medicinal plant and functional food are the goals of this review.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Benincasa hispida, antioxidant activity, functional foods, bioactive compounds

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Menstrual cramps, or dysmenorrhea, affect a significant proportion of women and often interfere with daily activities. The current study aims to formulate and evaluate herbal lozenges as a convenient and natural remedy for the management of menstrual cramps. Selected medicinal herbs known for their antispasmodic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties--such as Zingiber officinale (ginger), Saraca Ashoka Bark Extract, Clove, Cinnamon, Cardamom, Turmeric, Jaggery, and Crystal Menthol were incorporated into a palatable lozenge formulation. The lozenges were prepared using the heating and molding technique with appropriate excipients, including sweeteners and binding agents. The final formulations were evaluated for physical parameters such as hardness, friability, weight uniformity, and disintegration time, along with phytochemical screening and microbial load testing. The results demonstrated that the lozenges were pharmaceutically acceptable and stable, with a pleasant taste and adequate release profile. Preliminary feedback from volunteers suggested a reduction in menstrual discomfort. This study highlights the potential of herbal lozenges as a non-invasive, easy-to-administer alternative for menstrual cramp relief.

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KEYWORDS: Herbal lozenges, Menstrual pain, Herb, Medicament

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This article addresses the complex topic of algorithmic sovereignty, examining the diplomatic and strategic approaches used in AI system decision-making and their implications for international power structures. In today's world structure, AI is associated with every aspect. Similarly, it's also embedded in foreign policy tools, predictive modeling, and cyber defense infrastructures, as well as state sovereignty and diplomatic agency, which are heavily influenced by the algorithmic logic. This article addresses the crucial question of how AI-powered diplomacy reshapes global power dynamics. The analysis of case studies from the European Union, China, and the United States yields these results. The article further explores the various forms of algorithmic sovereignty, including regulatory, authoritarian export, and military-industrial models. Depending on international relations theory and various studies, the article puts forward its argument as follows: The article argues that AI is not merely a diplomatic tool but rather a structural force that redefines sovereignty, legitimacy, and agency in global governance.

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 Keywords

Algorithmic sovereignty, AI-powered diplomacy, International relations, Digital sovereignty, Geopolitical power, Autonomous decision-making, Global governance, Cyber-Diplomacy, AI and Foreign Policy, Technopolitics

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This project analyzes the financial performance of Saraswathi & Co, a dried coconut trading business based in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The study aims to evaluate the company's liquidity, profitability, solvency, and operational efficiency using financial ratio analysis and common-size balance sheets over a five-year period (2019-2024). The findings reveal fluctuating liquidity ratios, a consistent decline in profitability margins despite substantial sales growth, and increasing reliance on debt financing. Efficiency ratios indicate improved capital and asset turnover in recent years. The study highlights the importance of effective financial management in sustaining profitability and operational stability in the competitive coconut trading industry.

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Financial Performance, Ratio Analysis, Coconut Trading, Debt Financing, Financial Management

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This study examines the epistemological foundations of ethics in Vasubandhu's Abhidharmakośabhāṣyam, focusing on how different modes of knowledge vijñāna (consciousness), jñāna (knowledge), and prajñā (wisdom) inform moral development within Buddhist soteriology. Unlike philosophical systems that separate epistemology from ethics, the Abhidharmic framework presents an integration where cognitive refinement directly corresponds to ethical advancement. Through textual analysis, this research demonstrates that the transformation of ordinary consciousness into liberating wisdom constitutes the cognitive basis for ethical perfection. As dualistic consciousness gives way to non-dual wisdom that comprehends emptiness (śūnyatā) and selflessness (anātman), the cognitive roots of unwholesome action are systematically undermined. This study contributes to our understanding of Buddhist ethics as fundamentally grounded in epistemological transformation, revealing how moral development is inseparable from the cultivation of wisdom.

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Buddhist ethics, Abhidharma, Vasubandhu, consciousness, wisdom, moral psychology

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360-Degree Tour, Virtual Campus, Marzipano, Web Development, Interactive Navigation, Voice Integration, PVG Nashik

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Conventional tracking systems relying on GPS and cellular infrastructure are ineffective in environments with little or no connectivity--such as remote wilderness, mountainous regions, or disaster-affected areas. This paper introduces a hybrid tracking architecture that integrates satellite communication, mesh networking, Radio Tomographic Imaging (RTI), signal jumping, drone-assisted relays, and Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN). The proposed system addresses signal loss challenges by utilizing AI-driven signal prediction and autonomous drones to extend coverage and improve real-time traceability. Performance is evaluated through simulations and real-world case studies based on key metrics including coverage, latency, energy efficiency, and reliability. The approach demonstrates strong potential for critical applications in search and rescue, defense operations, and autonomous systems, contributing toward the development of resilient off-grid communication and tracking technologies.

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Remote Tracking, GPS Dead Zones, Mesh Networks, Satellite Communication, Drone Relays, RTI, LPWAN, Signal Prediction, Off-Grid Communication, Search and Rescue.

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This paper explores the civilizational, cultural, and psychological imperative of reclaiming "Bharat" as the primary identity of the Indian nation. "India," a term rooted in colonial discourse, symbolizes the continued mental slavery of a people whose cultural consciousness was systematically suppressed. In contrast, "Bharat" is a civilizational name that encapsulates millennia of indigenous wisdom, unity in diversity, and spiritual philosophy. By reclaiming Bharat, India can begin to dismantle the colonial mental framework that still governs many aspects of its national life. The paper aims to provide a detailed analysis of why this shift is essential to truly achieve cultural freedom and national self-respect.

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Bharat,India,mental slavery,decolonizing, identity,national self hood

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The increasing demand for security and crime prevention has led to the development of innovative technologies leveraging computer vision and artificial intelligence. This paper presents an IoT-based smart security system integrating facial recognition to identify and track criminals in real-time. Using Raspberry Pi 4 and the MTCNN algorithm for facial detection, the system enables real-time monitoring and alert generation via the Telegram API. By automating the surveillance process, this system enhances security in high-risk public spaces such as airports and shopping malls. The implementation ensures cost-effectiveness, scalability, and rapid response to potential threats.

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IoT, Facial Recognition, Smart Security, Criminal Detection, Machine Learning, Real-Time Surveillance

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The implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) has brought significant changes to the business landscape of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India, particularly affecting the gold and silver merchants in the Saurashtra region. This study aims to explore the level of awareness regarding GST among these merchants, analyze its impact on their business operations, identify the challenges they face post-implementation, and examine their perspectives on relevant policy measures. Utilizing primary data collected from a sample of 500 merchants across key cities in Saurashtra, the research employs statistical techniques using SPSS to derive meaningful insights. The findings reveal that while awareness of GST exists at a moderate level, merchants encounter substantial difficulties related to compliance and administrative burdens. Additionally, the impact of GST on business parameters such as costs, sales, and cash flow shows a varied pattern, indicating both resilience and strain within the sector. Based on these observations, the study recommends targeted policy interventions focusing on simplifying compliance procedures and enhancing training programs to support merchant adaptation and foster smoother GST integration.

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 Keywords

GST, gold and silver merchants, Saurashtra, tax compliance, business impact

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition