Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

XSS or Cross-site Scripting is one of the most damaging attacks done to web applications security wise, since it lets assailants insert harmful scripts to webpages which users can easily access. Moreover, these attacks can result in session hijacking, account takeover, and data breach. Detection using rules is a common technique; however, XSS detection is too complex for this static approach due to its evolving and concealed nature. More flexible methods are required. The contribution of this work is in employing machine learning algorithms (ML) to improve detection systems of XSS attacks while enhancing the accuracy and lowering false positives when compared to previous techniques. By utilizing supervised learning, our model is trained on an exhaustive dataset containing both malicious and benign labels making it capable of pattern detection and classification at suspicious levels. We study other ML techniques such as Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, and adaptable Deep learning and analyze them on their precision, recall and overall runtime efficiency. This project proposes a framework of machine learning algorithms that allows for the real-time detection and mitigation of XSS attacks. The proposed approach is based on the supervised learning techniques that contain pre-labeled data, which makes it feasible to distinguish between valid and malicious HTTP requests.

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 Keywords

XSS, benign, Machine learning, Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, Deep learning

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This review paper investigates the use of steel slag as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in high-strength concrete, a promising approach to enhancing concrete properties and promoting sustainable construction practices. Steel slag, a by-product of the steel manufacturing process, offers high density, hardness, and angularity, which can improve the mechanical properties of concrete. The study systematically reviews the influence of varying steel slag content on key parameters such as compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength, comparing it with conventional fine aggregates. The research indicates that incorporating steel slag can significantly enhance the compressive strength of high-strength concrete due to its superior binding properties and improved particle packing density. Moreover, the angular nature of steel slag particles contributes to better interlocking within the concrete matrix, thereby increasing tensile and flexural strengths. The review also examines the durability aspects of steel slag concrete, including its resistance to chemical attack, chloride penetration etc., highlighting its suitability for harsh environmental conditions. this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the potential and challenges of using steel slag as a partial replacement for fine aggregate, emphasizing its technical, environmental, and economic advantages. It calls for further research to standardize the use of steel slag in concrete and to explore innovative processing techniques to mitigate any adverse effects on concrete properties. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable materials in construction and supports the development of more eco-friendly and durable concrete solutions.

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 Keywords

Steel slag, High-strength concrete, Fine aggregate replacement, Mechanical properties, Chemical attack resistance, Sustainable construction.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A test for Scientific Creativity was formed and tested on secondary school students in this study. Hu and Adey (2002) created a Scientific Creativity Structure Model (SCSM) by examining what Scientific Creativity involves, as stated in various research papers. This model was tried out in China with fifty science teachers. Using their analysis, observations, and experience with the Torrance tests, a 7-item scale to measure the scientific creativity of secondary students was designed and validated with data from 160 students based in England. Analyses were made on each item to evaluate how well different groups did, if items consistently measured the same thing, whether scorers rated the same way, and if the questions were appropriate and aligned with the construct being measured. Analyses demonstrated that the results are trustworthy. The test by Hu and Adey (2002) was adapted, replacing apple with mango in the seventh question of the test. The test of Hu and Adey (2002) was used in the Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh state. After thoroughly understanding the SCSM of Hu and Adey (2002), a model of 24 cells and a formula of 24 cells were designed.

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 Keywords

Scientific Creativity, Secondary School Students.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Herbal Medicine, an ancient practice dating back to the earliest civilizations, has beena mainstay in modern healthcare development. The current work concentrates on the preparation of Ayurvedic tablets from different Ayurvedic drugs by the direct compression technique. They have ingredients such as Triphala Churna, Jeera Churna, Liquorice Root Powder, Peppermint Leaves Powder, Black Salt, Sunthee Churna, and Ajwain. The tablets were tested for different pharmaceutical parameters like appearance, hardness, friability, disintegration, and dissolution. Findings showed that the tablets complied with the standards required for pharmaceutical quality. This study proves to be the viability of formulating tablet formulations using Ayurvedic ingredients as possible alternatives to conventional herbal medicine administration.

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 Keywords

? Triphala Churna, ? Jeera Churna, ? Liquorice Root Powder, ? Peppermint Leaves Powder, ? Black Salt.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

According to the scriptures that have documented Indian education system, Music has always been a very important part of the curriculum. Music has a place of primacy in Indian culture in traditional aesthetics. Music is often allegorised as 'the food of the soul'. It symbolises India's remarkable diversity in cultural, linguistic and religious terms. Indian Music needs a comprehensive approach to churn out young musicians under different disciplines in an atmosphere of willingness, cordiality backed by discipline and most innovative teaching curriculum, designed to keep the curiosity of students alive and fresh throughout their training period. Music is a creative domain that needs a creative approach in adapting the teaching methodology and delivering the course. In this paper, I have tried to explain how "Out of Class Academic Collaboration" has a very important role to ensure perfect delivery, assimilation and help music aspirants to reach the set goals.

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 Keywords

Music Education, Teaching Methodology, Out of Class Academic Collaboration

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The sense of sight is central to the way that human beings perceive and interact with their environment. In visually impaired individuals, vision loss presents enormous difficulties in the ability to detect obstacles and measure distance, making daily navigation challenging and dangerous. In an effort to overcome these challenges, we suggest implementing an AI-based object detection, distance measurement, and sound feedback system into a smart blind stick. In contrast to other conventional systems, our system employs a cost-effective and lightweight Node-MCU microcontroller, three ultrasonic sensors, and a small speaker to provide real-time support. The ultrasonic sensors are well positioned to sense nearby objects and accurately measure the distance of the objects. Such information is read by the Node-MCU and converted into real-time voice signals through a speaker, which allows people to sense their environment via sound. Besides, AI aid is used in sophisticated navigation. The system has an easy-to use interface and can be used for both outdoor and indoor environments. It provides increased mobility and independence to the blind users by integrating effective intelligent navigation distance measurement. The outcome is a low-power, reliable, and scalable solution that greatly enhances safety and independence in everyday life.

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 Keywords

Smart Blind Stick, Obstacle Detection, Ultrasonic Sensors, Node-MCU, Distance Measurement, Voice Feedback, AI Navigation, Assistive Technology, Visually Impaired Aid

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Blindness limits a person's ability to perceive their surroundings, making independent navigation, object recognition, obstacle avoidance, and reading significantly more challenging. This work introduces a novel visual assistance system specifically designed for individuals with complete blindness. The Raspberry Pi 4 Model was selected for the prototype due to its affordability, compact size, and ease of integration. The system incorporates a camera and sensors for obstacle detection, using both distance measurements from ultrasonic sensors and the camera. Advanced image processing algorithms handle object recognition, while a text-to-speech module provides auditory feedback from the integrated reading assistant, which converts images to text.

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 Keywords

Assistive Technology, Object Detection, Ultrasonic Sensor, Camera Module, Visually Impaired, Text-to-Speech (TTS), Real-Time Feedback

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Over the past few decades, world has seen humongous technological advancements that have the potential to change the lives of millions of people. Evolving from a tech follower to a pioneering force in the global technology landscape, India has also shifted gears, fostering a culture of tech revolution evident in various fields and Indian Judicial System is no different. The adoption of digital tools and techniques have streamlined the various traditional processes which often result in unnecessary delays and thus make the access to justice easy. Be it is e - filing, e- availability of case records or initiation of e-courts, technology has played an important role in transforming the Indian judicial system and has reappraise the ways of delivering justice. Despite this, the backlog of crores of cases within Indian judiciary is not a hidden truth. So, when the Judicial system is progressing towards the adoption of advanced technology, it is very important to scrutinise the previous efforts and results in order to encounter the future challenges. Thus, through this paper researcher aims to unveil the existing state of Indian judicial system after digitalisation and analyse the integration of Artificial Intelligence within the system. Furthermore, this paper provides an insight on the key challenges that have emerged in the process and ways forward for advancement associated with digitalisation and Artificial Intelligence in the administration of justice so that the technology can be utilised upto its best potential.

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 Keywords

Technology, Digitalization, Artificial Intelligence, Challenges, Way forward.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper presents a comparative analysis of two widely used real-time scheduling algorithms--Earliest Deadline First (EDF) and Rate Monotonic (RM)--with the objective of evaluating their performance and suitability for real-time embedded applications on FreeRTOS. To simulate realistic execution scenarios, synthetic task sets were generated. The performance of each scheduler was assessed based on key metrics such as average waiting time, number of context switches, and CPU utilization. The results indicate that EDF consistently outperforms RM in terms of meeting deadlines, especially under high system loads. EDF also tends to reduce average waiting time; however, it incurs a higher number of context switches. In contrast, RM scheduling leads to increased average wait times but generally results in fewer context switches, which can be advantageous for power-sensitive or resource-constrained systems. Interestingly, for periodic tasks where deadlines are equal to their periods, the performance gap between EDF and RM narrows. In such cases, the efficiency of the scheduling strategy becomes more dependent on the total number of tasks being managed. Overall, the study provides valuable insights to embedded system designers, enabling them to make more informed decisions when selecting the appropriate scheduling strategy based on application-specific requirements.

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 Keywords

FreeRTOS, Kernel, EDF, RM, Scheduler

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Hand-writing question papers is commonly time-consuming 1and inconsistent, particularly while attempting to match academic levels such as Bloom's and Course Outcomes (COs). The project proposes an intelligent and accessible system that fully paper generation in a user-friendly manner, wherein teachers can import syllabus PDFs, establish custom settings, and automatically produce descriptive-only papers and answer keys. The system is cognitive-balanced, allows customizable templates, and uses natural language processing to enable appropriate question selection. Efficient in its design and outcome-based assessment, facilitatesstreamlined assessment processes within academic environments.

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 Keywords

Automatic Question Generation, Bloom's Taxonomy, Course Outcomes, Streamlit, Descriptive Questions, Educational Technology

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition