Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Underwater imaging faces significant challenges due to poor visibility, low contrast, color distortion, and light scattering, which hinder the accurate detection of objects such as obstacles and marine life. This project proposes a deep learning-based system that integrates advanced image enhancement techniques with object detection models to improve underwater scene understanding. The enhanced images are fed into a convolution neural network (CNN) or transformer-based detection architecture, such as YOLO or Faster R-CNN, trained to identify and localize both underwater obstacles and fish species. The image enhancement stage leverages methods such as histogram equalization, white balancing, and deep learning-based restoration to recover visual clarity. Experimental results on standard underwater datasets demonstrate improved detection accuracy and robustness under varying visibility conditions, making this approach highly beneficial for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), marine biology research, and underwater navigation systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Underwater Image Enhancement, Deep Learning, Obstacle Detection, Fish Detection, YOLO / Faster R-CNN, Convolution Neural Networks, Marine Robotics, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), Image Restoration, Object Detection in Low Visibility.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Volleyball is one of the most globally renowned games in terms of global popularity. In this game both male and female can participate in each team. The game play relies heavily on physical activities such as jumping, landing, and quick movements, often can be causing strain on the musculoskeletal system and leading to injuries. This study aims to define the performance of volleyball players on the bases of their skills and anthropometric qualities and the power, strength and endurance of volleyball athlete among different levels of competition. For this reason, agility training is crucial to improving a player's ability to change direction swiftly as and when required by the game play. Although it is relatively safer than other team sports, actions like jumping, blocking, and spiking can lead to potential injuries. Properly monitoring the training loads and injury prevention during training skills should be the major focus in formulating a holistic training methodology in volleyball training skills. The main goal of this literature study is to evaluate the impact of various training interventions on agility and other performance parameters specific to volleyball players. The range of research approaches and interventions described in this literature review highlights the significance of agility in volleyball training of the players. In many studies, has been founded that the use of tailored skill programs for volleyball players have been shown to have positive effects on agility, strength, and jump performance. Although there are limitations to the study design and sample size, the findings from this review necessitate the need for better scientifically informed skills programs to reduce injury risk while enhancing player's overall performance potential. To conclude, the current literature review highlights the importance of the players in volleyball game, providing insights into effective training strategies and highlighting the low quality of evidence, suggesting the need for well-structured research on the topic. Volleyball games require good motor skills and cardio respiratory skills. Power, strength and endurance become very influential factors in performance and winning the match. This research is completely quality based study; secondary data has been used in this study. In the findings has been concluded that performance of volleyball player's skill are based on elite athlete, both senior and junior, have many differences from local athletes based on power, strength and endurance.

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 Keywords

performance, skills, volleyball, physical skills, anthropometric

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Non-consanguineous marriages, (Atulya Gotra Vivaha) are crucial for reducing the risk of hereditary diseases and congenital anomalies. This practice is emphasized in Ayurveda and supported by modern genetics. In order to ensure the health of one's offspring and to stop the spread of defective genes, ancient Ayurvedic scriptures like Acharya Charka's Atulyagotreeya Shareera Adhyaya advises not to marry within one's same Gotra. Current research indicates that consanguineous marriages raise the risk of autosomal recessive disorder, such as mental retardation and congenital deformities.The lives and health of future generations are at risk due to consanguineous marriages, especially in areas with illiteracy however, because of cultural norms, ignorance, and a lack of awareness. This highlights how important it is to educate people about the risks of Consanguineous marriage. Which can be achieved by premarital (just before marriage) and preconception genetic counselling and train healthcare providers to address consanguinity related risk in offspring's to people. Integrate information on genetic risks and preventive measures into school and university curricula to reach younger generations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gotra, Atulya Gotra Vivaha Consanguineous marriage, Congenital abnormalities, Autosomal recessive disorders, Genetic counselling.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Pay Commissions have historically played an important role in shaping India's administrative and economic framework by reviewing and revising the salary structures of government employees. Since the establishment of the First Pay Commission in 1946, successive commissions have influenced public service motivation, administrative efficiency, and fiscal planning. As India starts to approach the formulation of the 8th Pay Commission, a critical juncture emerges, one where traditional wage revision mechanisms must contend with the contemporary demands of fiscal wise, performance orientation, and equitable compensation. There is a growing concern that the increasing financial burden resulting from periodic pay revisions, particularly post the 6th and 7th Pay Commissions, has strained both the Union and the State budgets. This article aims to analyze the implications of the 8th Pay Commission through a comprehensive policy review and qualitative analysis.On the basics of historical data from previous pay commissions, government expenditure patterns, and comparative global models, the study identifies the fiscal challenges and governance deficits inherent in the current approach. The paper argues for a shift toward a performance-linked compensation system, greater decentralization in wage decisions, and the establishment of a permanent wage review body. It seeks to offer forward-looking reform imperatives that can shape a fair, transparent, and fiscally responsible public sector compensation system for India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

8th Pay Commission, Wage Governance, Fiscal Federalism, Fiscal Sustainability, Public Sector Compensation, Performance-Based Pay, Pension Reform

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Public participation in health was first highlighted in the Bhore Committee report, 1946, and later in all the national health policies of India. However, the introduction of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in 2005 brought about the importance of community involvement and discussed the role and responsibilities of the Panchayat Raj Institution (PRI) in implementing health policies at a local level. This study mainly focused on the active participation of tribal PRI members in local-level health meetings, which directly affects the utilisation of maternal and child health policies. Further, apart from that the socio-economic conditions have been playing very important role to fulfilling the nutritional requirement; therefore, the study critically examined their participation in various areas such as: raising voices for creating employment opportunity for the local tribal families, making awareness about government facilities for increasing local agricultural productivity, actively monitoring the daily school routine etc. Research Methodology: Though it is an empirical study that deals with their active performance in local policy implementation, it requires an empirical method of data collection. To map their performance, the personal interview method has been adopted as the primary method of data collection. The study has also used the socio-demographic data of the panchayat office of Bolani Gram Panchayat, Kendujhar, Odisha, to compare their performance. Results show that the majority of them participated more in infrastructure development, whereas some selected women member actively raised their voices for better maternal and child health for their community.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Tribal mother and child health, PRI participation, developmental programmes, livelihood, nutrition.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rapid evolution of digital technology has transformed the landscape of web development, making it essential for businesses and individuals to establish an online presence. Traditional website creation, however, often requires extensive coding skills, posing a challenge for nontechnical users who wish to create professional and customized websites. In response to this need, AI-driven tools have emerged, streamlining the development process and enabling users with limited technical knowledge to design dynamic, engaging websites. The advent of AIpowered website generation offers a groundbreaking approach to web development, allowing users to generate, customize, and deploy websites without writing code. This project aims to harness artificial intelligence to create a flexible and user-friendly website module, enabling users to design websites by simply specifying layout, theme, colour, and content preferences. Non-coders benefit from customizable templates and an integrated CMS, while developers gain direct access to editable code, bridging the gap between ease of use and technical flexibility. Despite the benefits, building a responsive and personalized website that caters to varied user preferences remains a complex task. Many existing website builders lack advanced AI-based customization, which limits user options and scalability. By leveraging AI for real-time template customization and intuitive design suggestions, this project addresses the demand for highly adaptable website creation tools. Our AI-powered website module brings together userfriendly design, flexibility, and robust customization options, empowering both non-technical users and developers to build engaging websites. This project promises to simplify website development, expanding access and enabling more users to create professional online presences effortlessly.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

AI-powered website generation, Dynamic templates, website creation, Code export, Customizable templates, Content management system (CMS), Responsive design, Real-time previews, Web development automation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Technology for communication has improved recently for 5G and ultra-wideband applications; a circular slot pentagonal patch antenna array is created. To enhance the antenna's effectiveness, a pentagonal patch antenna is created within a circular slot. A bandwidth and return loss both help to lower an antenna's size. It is designed to work in the 3.1 GHz-10.6 GHz ultra-wideband frequency range as well as the 1 GHz-6 GHz 5G communication frequency range. For this reason, the traditional pentagonal patch antenna with various slots has good return loss. An antenna with a pentagonal shape is proposed in the work to be done in order to increase efficiency, provide good radiation performance, and reduce manufacturing costs and size. HFSS software was used to design the suggested aerial. We've looked at the antenna's properties, including return loss, gain, and radiation pattern.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

PENTAGONAL PATCH ANTENNA, CIRCULAR SLOT, 5G , UWB BAND, BANDWIDTH, GAIN.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Vegetable cultivation is emerging as an essential component of agricultural growth in Himachal Pradesh. The main objective of this study is to analyse the spatial-temporal changes in vegetable cultivation across the districts of Himachal Pradesh from 1990-91 to 2020-21. This study is based on secondary data collected from the annual season and crop reports of Himachal Pradesh. It notes that vegetable cultivation has increased over the years, with notable shifts in its distribution from a few high-performing districts to a broader regional spread. Consequently, new districts have entered the high vegetable cultivation category, while some districts remain in the low category due to climatic and infrastructure limitations. Furthermore, it identifies suitable climatic conditions, availability of irrigation, market linkages, and improved technologies as important factors driving temporal trends. In low-performing districts, the government must provide training and raise awareness among farmers regarding off-season vegetable cultivation and protected farming techniques.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Agriculture, Cultivation, Climate, Hill Farming, Spatio-temporal

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

There are definite rules laid out by authorities about driving cars on roads. The most common rule in any country is speed limit in certain roads i.e. you will be in violation of the law if your car speed exceeds this limit.In order to detect the speed of a moving car, the patrolling officers usually depend on a handheld gun that works on Radar Technology or Lidar Technology. This is a tedious process as the officer has to manually check for over speeding for each vehicle. Vehicle Speed Detection or Vehicle Speed Measurement using IR Sensor and Arduino UNO In this tutorial, we will measure the speed of the vehicle using IR sensor, Arduino, and 16x2 LCD. In this project, we will use two IR sensors and place it at a certain distance. As we know that to measure the speed we need distance and time. In order to find time, we will use the logic that the first IR sensor will detect whether there is some vehicle present in front of the sensor or not. Then the timer will start and will measure the duration up to the second IR sensor. The time we will get will be in milliseconds, so, in order to convert milliseconds into seconds, we will divide it by 1000. In this project, we have placed the two IR sensors at a distance of 20 centimeters which is equal to 0.2 meters. Now, we want our measured speed to be displayed in the kilometers per hour. So, in order to get the values in the kilometer per hour, we will use the following equation. 1m/s = Km/1000 x 3600/hr = 3.6Km/ hr 1m/s = 3.6Km/hr This logic will be used in our coding to measure the speed of the vehicle.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

keyword:%20Arduino,%20IR%20sensor,%20Buzzer,%20Lcd%20display,%20Speed,%20Vehicle

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Interactive dashboards have become essential tools for businesses in the age of big data, enabling real-time visual representation of data and decision-making. This research explores their impact on business analytics performance, focusing on usability, efficiency, and value. Utilizing a mixed-methods strategy--comprising surveys, interviews, and case studies--the research evaluates how dashboards influence decision-making speed, user satisfaction, and overall business outcomes. Findings indicate that dashboards significantly enhance performance, with 78% of users rating them as easy to use and 85% reporting faster decision-making. However, challenges such as scalability and user adoption persist, with 20% of users citing unmet needs. Case studies from retail, healthcare, and manufacturing highlight tangible benefits, including a 15% sales increase in retail. The study concludes with actionable recommendations for optimizing dashboard design, improving scalability, and enhancing user training, offering actionable insights that enable businesses to utilize dashboards to achieve a competitive edge.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Interactive Dashboards, Business Analytics, Usability, Decision-Making, Performance Improvement, Scalability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition