Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

This study investigates how gamification affects learning results and student motivation in online and hybrid learning settings. The research emphasizes how gamified instructional design--with features like points, badges, leaderboards, and instant feedback--can improve learners' autonomy, competence, and engagement. It does this by drawing on empirical studies and theoretical frameworks, especially Self-Determination Theory (SDT). Two groups were compared using a quasi-experimental methodology: one group received traditional training, while the other group participated in gamified learning activities. Interactive digital learning was facilitated through the use of tools like Kahoot!, Quizlet, and Duolingo. To evaluate how learner performance had changed, pre- and post-tests were administered. The gamified group's motivation, engagement, and conceptual understanding all significantly improved, according to the results.The study highlights the significance of careful and long-term implementation by taking into account the possible negative effects of badly designed gamification, such as elevated pressure and shallow engagement. The results indicate that gamification is a successful pedagogical approach for improving digital learning when game features are purposefully incorporated with curriculum objectives. To guarantee long-term efficacy in a variety of educational contexts, this review ends by promoting more flexible, learner-centered gamified techniques that complement upcoming educational technologies like AI and VR.

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 Keywords

Gamification, Learner-centred gamified techniques, Kahoot, ClassDojo, MinecraftEdu

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In light of the quick increase in mental health concerns, alongside academic stressors, social problems, and in the last couple of years global disasters, there is now a need for digital interventions over more traditional forms of therapy. This survey will look at the contribution of machine learning in the domain of mental health interventions through user customized support, predictive/feedback, and engaging evidence-based modalities. This survey will examine current practices, empirical patterns of mental health information, and emergent practices around sentiment analysis and anomaly detection. This survey will also demonstrate avenues for a holistic roadmap for researchers and developers to create better and more efficient scalable mental health provisions, with application of contemporary empirical research, combined with information facts, with consideration for ethical concerns about data matters and clinical effectiveness.

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 Keywords

Mental Health, Machine Learning, Personalized support, Digital Health, Customized Support.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Like several other regions in the world, out-migration has become a worrying trend for rural and hilly areas of the Himalayan state of Uttarakhand in India; this has resulted in village out-migration, agricultural decline, and increased pressure on urban centers. The research indicates different infrastructural challenges coupled with the environment to be the main factors influencing the resident's decision to migrate. From a policy perspective, enhancing educational and healthcare services, along with other local economy spending aimed at reducing out-migration, will help in curbing the problem. Additionally, this research also indicates out-migration to be influenced mainly by employment, educational, and healthcare opportunities, requiring an integrated regional perspective toward managing migration.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Uttarakhand, Out-Migration, Hilly Regions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain represents a significant global health burden, frequently leading to chronic conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like Diclofenac Sodium are commonly prescribed for the management of MSK pain, conventional oral dosage forms are associated with limitations including delayed onset of action, low bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism, and poor patient compliance particularly among geriatric, pediatric, and dysphagic populations. This study aims to develop and evaluate fast dissolving tablets (FDTs) of Diclofenac Sodium, leveraging their potential to offer rapid disintegration in the oral cavity and enhanced systemic absorption via pre-gastric pathways. Tablets were formulated via direct compression using various super disintegrants, including Crospovidone, Croscarmellose Sodium, and Sodium Starch Glycolate. The formulations were subjected to comprehensive physicochemical characterization, including pre-compression (angle of repose, bulk density) and post-compression evaluations (hardness, friability, disintegration time, drug content, and in vitro dissolution studies). The optimized formulation demonstrated superior disintegration (<=30 seconds), improved dissolution rate, and acceptable mechanical integrity. These findings confirm the feasibility of FDTs as an alternative drug delivery system for Diclofenac Sodium, providing enhanced bioavailability, rapid therapeutic onset, and improved patient adherence. In conclusion, the developed FDTs represent a promising strategy for the effective management of musculoskeletal disorders, offering clinical advantages over conventional dosage forms through improved pharmacokinetic and patient-centric profiles.

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 Keywords

FDT, NSAIDs, Musculoskeletal, Anti- inflammatory

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigates consumer satisfaction with digital payments in online and offline impulse purchases in Himachal Pradesh. Consumer satisfaction, a critical determinant of loyalty and behavioural outcomes, is influenced by multiple factors, including service efficiency, product quality, and grievance redressal. The analysis was conducted using a self-structured questionnaire rated on a 5-point Likert scale. A Paired T-test was applied to assess the difference in satisfaction levels between online and offline purchases. Results indicate a statistically significant higher satisfaction in online impulse purchases (mean = 4.03) compared to offline (mean = 3.73), with a mean difference of 0.307 (p < 0.05). Additionally, satisfaction was categorised into low, moderate, and high levels based on the mean and standard deviation of scores. The majority of respondents exhibited moderate satisfaction for both online (71.56%) and offline (72.00%) purchases, while fewer respondents reported high satisfaction levels. The findings confirm that digital payments contribute more positively to satisfaction in online settings, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. These insights underscore the need for improving offline digital payment experiences to enhance overall consumer contentment.

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 Keywords

Impulsive buying behaviour, Digital Payments, satisfaction level, impulse purchases

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

MDR&XDR-TB, Structured teaching program, Health workers

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The genus Zingiberaceae has been widely used for phytotherapeutic purposes in traditional medicine throughout the world for its anti-inflammatory activity. Experimental studies have established that inflammation caused by chronic infections represents a risk factor for different forms of cancer. The objective of this study was focused on determining the anti-inflammatory capacity and cytotoxic activity of aqueous extracts of Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom) . Herbal suppositories offer an effective alternative to conventional drug delivery, particularly for localized treatment of rectal conditions such as hemorrhoids, inflammation, and infections. Cardamom (*Elettaria cardamomum) possesses significant anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, making it a promising candidate for suppository formulation. Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) exhibits significant anti-inflammatory properties through multiple mechanisms, making it a promising therapeutic agent for inflammatory conditions. Studies demonstrate that cardamom extracts reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vivo studies show cardamom's efficacy in reducing carrageenan-induced paw edema and tamoxifen-induced liver damage by attenuating oxidative stress and pyroptosis markers Clinical applications include its use in periodontal infections due to antibacterial and anti-inflammatory synergy Cardamom's safety is evidenced by its non-cytotoxic profile in cell lines . These findings highlight its potential as a multifunctional anti-inflammatory agent for both preventive and therapeutic interventions. This abstract integrates key findings from the search results, emphasizing mechanisms, bioactive components, and clinical relevance. Let me know if you'd like to focus on specific aspects (e.g., molecular pathways or clinical studies) for further detail.

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Keywords: anti-inflammatory, Curcuma longa, cytokines, cytotoxic activity, Elettaria cardamomum, extracts, inflammation, medicinal plants, natural products, phytochemicals

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Customer retention is a critical metric for business sustainability and growth, particularly in competitive market environments where acquiring new customers incurs significantly higher costs than retaining existing ones. This study presents a data-driven approach to enhancing customer retention strategies using RFM (Recency, Frequency, Monetary) segmentation, integrated with predictive analytics. By analyzing historical transaction data through RFM metrics, customers were segmented into distinct clusters to uncover behavioral patterns and purchase tendencies. Predictive modeling techniques, such as decision trees and logistic regression, were employed to identify key drivers influencing customer churn and loyalty. The outcomes were visualized through interactive dashboards using Tableau to support strategic decision-making. This research contributes to the field of business analytics by demonstrating how predictive RFM segmentation can provide actionable insights for improving marketing effectiveness and increasing customer lifetime value. The approach is particularly valuable for organizations seeking scalable solutions to personalize retention strategies and foster long-term customer engagement.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Customer Retention, RFM Segmentation, Predictive Analytics, Business Intelligence, Tableau, Customer Lifetime Value

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cu doping, SEM, XRD, PL spectra, UV-visible.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper presents the design Implementation and Performance Analysis of Multiplier Architecture. The proposed architecture focuses on Efficient multiplier designs are crucial in modern digital systems where speed, power, and area are key performance metrics. This work presents the design, implementation, and comparative analysis of three widely used multiplier architectures. Array, Wallace tree, and Braun Multipliers. A mirror logic-based full adder was developed as the fundamental building block to ensure uniformity across designs. Each architecture was modeled and simulated using DSCH 3.5 for schematic design and Microwind 2.0 for layout implementation and verification. Performance was evaluated in terms of propagation delay and power consumption. The results highlight trade-offs between speed and complexity, with the Wallace Tree multiplier demonstrating superior speed performance due to its hierarchical structure.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Array, Wallace tree, and Braun Multipliers, DSCH 3.5, Microwind 2, Low-Power Design, mirror logic architecture.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition