Journal IJCRT UGC-CARE, UGCCARE( ISSN: 2320-2882 ) | UGC Approved Journal | UGC Journal | UGC CARE Journal | UGC-CARE list, New UGC-CARE Reference List, UGC CARE Journals, International Peer Reviewed Journal and Refereed Journal, ugc approved journal, UGC CARE, UGC CARE list, UGC CARE list of Journal, UGCCARE, care journal list, UGC-CARE list, New UGC-CARE Reference List, New ugc care journal list, Research Journal, Research Journal Publication, Research Paper, Low cost research journal, Free of cost paper publication in Research Journal, High impact factor journal, Journal, Research paper journal, UGC CARE journal, UGC CARE Journals, ugc care list of journal, ugc approved list, ugc approved list of journal, Follow ugc approved journal, UGC CARE Journal, ugc approved list of journal, ugc care journal, UGC CARE list, UGC-CARE, care journal, UGC-CARE list, Journal publication, ISSN approved, Research journal, research paper, research paper publication, research journal publication, high impact factor, free publication, index journal, publish paper, publish Research paper, low cost publication, ugc approved journal, UGC CARE, ugc approved list of journal, ugc care journal, UGC CARE list, UGCCARE, care journal, UGC-CARE list, New UGC-CARE Reference List, UGC CARE Journals, ugc care list of journal, ugc care list 2020, ugc care approved journal, ugc care list 2020, new ugc approved journal in 2020, ugc care list 2021, ugc approved journal in 2021, Scopus, web of Science.
How start New Journal & software Book & Thesis Publications

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CREATIVE RESEARCH THOUGHTS - IJCRT (IJCRT.ORG)

International Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journals, Open Access Journal

IJCRT Peer-Reviewed (Refereed) Journal as Per New UGC Rules.

ISSN Approved Journal No: 2320-2882 | Impact factor: 7.97 | ESTD Year: 2013

Call For Paper - Volume 14 | Issue 4 | Month- April 2026

Scholarly open access journals, Peer-reviewed, and Refereed Journals, Impact factor 7.97 (Calculate by google scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool) , Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Indexing in all major database & Metadata, Citation Generator, Digital Object Identifier(CrossRef DOI)

Submit Your Paper
Login to Author Home
Communication Guidelines

WhatsApp Contact
Click Here

  IJCRT Search Xplore - Search all paper by Paper Name , Author Name, and Title

Volume 9 | Issue 5 |

Volume 9 | Issue 5 | Month  
Downlaod After Publication
1) Table of content index in PDF
2) Table of content index in HTML 2)Table of content index in HTML
3) Front Page                     3) Front Page
4) Back Page                     4) Back Page
5) Editor Board Member 5)Editor Board Member
6) OLD Style Issue 6)OLD Style Issue
Chania Chania
IJCRT Journal front page IJCRT Journal Back Page

  Paper Title: AWARENESS AND EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF ESI BENEFITS IN TATA INTERNATIONAL

  Author Name(s): Sai Sowmiya S, Dr. N. Kumar

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2105214

  Register Paper ID - 205720

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2105214 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 633513 , Vellore , 633513 , | Research Area: Commerce and Management, MBA All Branch

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2105214
Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2105214
Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2105214.pdf

  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: AWARENESS AND EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF ESI BENEFITS IN TATA INTERNATIONAL

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 9  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2021

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Commerce and Management, MBA All Branch

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 9

 Issue: 5

 Pages: c101-c109

 Year: May 2021

 Downloads: 1555

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

Employee State Insurance (ESI) Scheme is a huge social security for the employees in the organization. ESI is completely different from insurance that is provided for general public. It supports full medical care and reasonable economic assistance to the beneficiaries for benefits like sickness, maternity, disablement and death due to employment injury. It is one of the most effective measures available to the employees in working environment. The purpose of the study is to analysis the awareness and effective Utilization of Employee State Insurance (ESI) policy in Tata International. The study also attempts to review the varied Employee State Insurance (ESI) benefits available to the workers within the organization. A study questionnaire was framed and given to the workers to seek out awareness and therefore the effects of utilization of Employee State Insurance (ESI) policy in Tata International using tools through SPSS software.


Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Employee state insurance (ESI), Awareness, Utilization, Employees, medical benefit

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition


  Paper Title: MUNICIPAL CORPORATION COMPLAINT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

  Author Name(s): Battula Rushi Kumar, Atik Bhadra, Jaya Siva Sai Vasanth Maredipudi, Vemula Venkata pranay kumar, Vandana Pradeep kumar

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2105213

  Register Paper ID - 206618

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2105213 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 144411 , Phagwara, 144411 , | Research Area: Science and Technology

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2105213
Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2105213
Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2105213.pdf

  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: MUNICIPAL CORPORATION COMPLAINT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 9  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2021

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Science and Technology

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 9

 Issue: 5

 Pages: c97-c100

 Year: May 2021

 Downloads: 1474

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

The solution to certain social problems is very effective these days as we do not need to go to a certain office to register a complaint and get all those papers. It is very easy to register a complaint in this digital age with the help of the internet.[1] With the help of applications, we are able to reduce the barrier between government and the public so that the public can communicate directly with the relevant authorities by telephone or computer. Transparency between user and authority has helped resolve many issues in less time than usual. These applications apply to various sectors such as fire department, municipal department, finance department, electricity department etc. complaints made. The Online Complaint Management System provides a web solution for community issues by saving time and eliminating corruption


Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

society, feasible, digitalized, internet, transparency, government

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition


  Paper Title: MOBILITY CHARACTERISTICS AND ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK WITH MOBILE SINK - ENERGY PERSPECTIVE

  Author Name(s): Sameena P, Dr. Binu G.S

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2105212

  Register Paper ID - 206339

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2105212 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 678582 , Mannarkkad, 678582 , | Research Area: Science and Technology

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2105212
Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2105212
Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2105212.pdf

  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: MOBILITY CHARACTERISTICS AND ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK WITH MOBILE SINK - ENERGY PERSPECTIVE

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 9  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2021

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Science and Technology

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 9

 Issue: 5

 Pages: c85-c96

 Year: May 2021

 Downloads: 1364

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

Wireless sensor networks(WSN) provides information from physical world can be access remotely. Traditional WSN consist of large number of static sensor nodes deployed in a sensor field, forward the sensed data towards static sink or base station. Sensor nodes are battery powered small devices, hence there is chance of quick depletion of battery due to the operational overhead. Similarly increased data traffic concentration of the single-hop neighbors of static sink lead to the creation of hotspot at these single-hop neighbors. Mobile sink are the recent solution for reducing energy consumption in the network by providing uniform energy distribution throughout the network. This work deal with mobility characteristics and routing protocols used in a mobile sink scenario in order to enhance energy efficiency of the network.


Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition


  Paper Title: ON R ̂^* -τ – DISCONNECTEDNESS AND R ̂^*-τ -CONNECTEDNESS IN TOPOLOGICAL SPACE

  Author Name(s): C. PANDIAMMAL, K.VASUKI

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2105211

  Register Paper ID - 206449

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2105211 and DOI :

  Author Country : N, India, - , -, - , | Research Area: Science and Technology

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2105211
Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2105211
Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2105211.pdf

  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: ON R ̂^* -τ – DISCONNECTEDNESS AND R ̂^*-τ -CONNECTEDNESS IN TOPOLOGICAL SPACE

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 9  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2021

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Science and Technology

 Author type: N

 Pubished in Volume: 9

 Issue: 5

 Pages: c78-c84

 Year: May 2021

 Downloads: 1466

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

In this paper is to introduce new approach of separate sets, disconnected sets and connected sets called R ̂^*-τ – separate sets, R ̂^* -τ – disconnected sets and R ̂^* -τ – connected sets of topological spaces with the help of R ̂^* - open and R ̂^*- closed sets. On the basis of new introduce approach, some relationship of R ̂^* -τ – disconnected and R ̂^*-τ – connected set with R ̂^*-τ – separate set have been investigated thoroughly.


Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

R ̂^* -Open set ,R ̂^*-closed set, R ̂^* -closure, R ̂^*- τ – separate sets, R ̂^*-τ – disconnected sets and R ̂^*-τ – connected sets.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition


  Paper Title: AUTOMATED RECONNAISSANCE TOOL

  Author Name(s): Maroju Gopichandd, Jammula Venkatesh, Guda Manoj Kumar Reddy, Dabbugottu Venkata Dilip kumar, Daddanala Manikanta Reddy

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2105210

  Register Paper ID - 206615

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2105210 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 144411 , Jalandhar, 144411 , | Research Area: Science and Technology

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2105210
Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2105210
Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2105210.pdf

  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: AUTOMATED RECONNAISSANCE TOOL

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 9  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2021

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Science and Technology

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 9

 Issue: 5

 Pages: c71-c77

 Year: May 2021

 Downloads: 1410

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

The objective of this task is to give knowledge into the use of infiltration testing to guarantee frameworks the board. This undertaking isn't specialized regarding extension, however it likewise covers what entrance testing is, the advantages that partners get from a protected framework when testing, and how policymakers can help or make testing to annoying. Infiltration testing is a specific security review method in which an evaluator reenacts an assault on an ensured framework. The motivation behind this technique isn't to cause hurt, however to distinguish assaults, weaknesses, chances, and other security weaknesses from the aggressor's viewpoint. These tests can cover all parts of the framework; Information innovation fields.


Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

NetworkScsnner,MAC changer, Vulnerability, Penentration testing.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition


  Paper Title: DIABETIC RETINOPATHY DETECTION USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK WITH RECTIFIED LINEAR UNIT AND SOFTMAX AS AN ACTIVATION FUNCTION

  Author Name(s): Tejas Phirke, Omkar Parte, Aniket Garje, Sanjay .S. Kadam

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2105209

  Register Paper ID - 206519

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2105209 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 400603 , Thane, 400603 , | Research Area: Science and Technology

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2105209
Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2105209
Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2105209.pdf

  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: DIABETIC RETINOPATHY DETECTION USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK WITH RECTIFIED LINEAR UNIT AND SOFTMAX AS AN ACTIVATION FUNCTION

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 9  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2021

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Science and Technology

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 9

 Issue: 5

 Pages: c66-c70

 Year: May 2021

 Downloads: 1507

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a type of disease which is spreading in significant numbers, it not only spreads in India but also in all over the world. The increase in the spread of disease can lead to many deaths since there is no proper medication that can heal the patient. Diabetic Retinopathy is a disease that occurs due to irregular blood flow in retina vessels and weakens the retina. Due to the irregularities in the blood vessels patients face difficulty in the vision loss and can also make the patient blind. In this paper, we used deep learning which includes Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) provides better accuracy by using Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU). As there are various image classification techniques but CNN provides much better accuracy from other techniques. For detecting a particular part of the eye, it needs advanced mechanisms and tools. The main objective is to provide lucid image classification among other images with better accuracy.


Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Diabetic Retinopathy, Convolutional Neural Network, Rectified Linear Unit

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition


  Paper Title: MODELING AND SMALL SIGNAL ANALYSIS OF BOOST CONVERTER FOR PV APPLICATIONS

  Author Name(s): KARRI BINDU MADHAVI, SUBUDDI.NAGARAJU, CHALLA KRISHNA RAO, MANMADHAKUMAR BODDEPALLI

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2105208

  Register Paper ID - 206532

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2105208 and DOI : http://doi.one/10.1729/Journal.26816

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 532001 , Srikakulam, 532001 , | Research Area: Science and Technology

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2105208
Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2105208
Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2105208.pdf

  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: MODELING AND SMALL SIGNAL ANALYSIS OF BOOST CONVERTER FOR PV APPLICATIONS

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) : http://doi.one/10.1729/Journal.26816

 Pubished in Volume: 9  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2021

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Science and Technology

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 9

 Issue: 5

 Pages: c60-c65

 Year: May 2021

 Downloads: 1412

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract


Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

small signals models, PV systems, PID controller, MPPT, CCM, DCM.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition


  Paper Title: IOT BASED VEHICLE ROBOT FOR MILITARY SERVICES

  Author Name(s): Supriya Kurlekar, Sahil Shaikh, Prasad Zadbuke, Hamid Shaikh, Akanksha Yadav

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2105207

  Register Paper ID - 206886

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2105207 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 416416 , Sangli, 416416 , | Research Area: Science and Technology

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2105207
Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2105207
Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2105207.pdf

  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: IOT BASED VEHICLE ROBOT FOR MILITARY SERVICES

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 9  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2021

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Science and Technology

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 9

 Issue: 5

 Pages: c54-c59

 Year: May 2021

 Downloads: 1426

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

This paper presents a modern approach for surveillance at remote and border areas Tank, any heavily armed and armored combat vehicle. Tanks are essentially weapons platforms that make the weapons mounted in them more effective by their cross-country mobility and by the protection they provide for their crews. Now days the tank is controlling by the humans. Our aim is to control that tank using wireless media; We call it as War-Robot. Smart phones are becoming the latest sensation in our country. It currently has by far the biggest margins of any product in the tech sector. One of its important functions is wireless communication which is usually done by an IOT. In this project our aim is to use that IOT for controlling a War Robot. We are much successful in achieving our goal. Our robot runs well and it can be controlled by Android Phone or any compute. Through this project we are able to learn many things which will be very helpful in coming future.


Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition


  Paper Title: A NOVEL TRANSFROMERLESS INTERLEAVED BUCK CONVERTER WITH MINIMUM SWITCHING STRESSES AND IMPROVED CONVE RSION RATIO

  Author Name(s): ATTADA KARISHMA, K. B. MADHU SAHU, CHALLA KRISHNA RAO

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2105206

  Register Paper ID - 206529

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2105206 and DOI : http://doi.one/10.1729/Journal.26815

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 532001 , Srikakulam, 532001 , | Research Area: Science and Technology

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2105206
Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2105206
Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2105206.pdf

  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: A NOVEL TRANSFROMERLESS INTERLEAVED BUCK CONVERTER WITH MINIMUM SWITCHING STRESSES AND IMPROVED CONVE RSION RATIO

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) : http://doi.one/10.1729/Journal.26815

 Pubished in Volume: 9  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2021

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Science and Technology

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 9

 Issue: 5

 Pages: c47-c53

 Year: May 2021

 Downloads: 1451

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

this paper presents a two high step down based DC to DC converter has been suggested to investigating with various control approaches for retaining the voltage and current. The suggested converters have developed by transfromerless and having equivalent power ratings. Two diverse switching patterns are utilized in this study for mitigating the stresses across switches in the proposed system. The very first switching pattern is consisted of pulse width modulation (PWM) and 1800 phase shift angle along with LC filter in output side. This system can be operated in closed loop due to adding the LC filter in output side. The first designed converters duty cycle will be greater range and less than 0.5. For second DC-DC converter has been designed and implemented with second switching pattern for sustaining the voltage and duty cycles with LC filter in output side. In this stage, the sums of stress voltage on their switches are quite high as compared with the first designed converter. The proposed system is designed establishing MATLAB/Simulink as well as investigated in all operating circumstances. As per the simulation outcomes, the proposed closed loop system with LC filter can be shown the high performance in all dynamic operating situations.. The proposed converters will be analyzed for all in their switching patterns. In order to validate the results from theoretical, the 1st and 2nd proposed converters for 500/26 and 800/20.5 V, respectively, and 430 W, are used in MATLAB/Simulink.


Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

DC to DC converter, LC filter, voltage, duty cycle, and current.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition


  Paper Title: PRETREATMENT, SACCHARIFICATION, AND BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM COTTON GINNING AND PAPER WASTES BY SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

  Author Name(s): Nidhi Patel, Dr Gayatri Patel

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2105205

  Register Paper ID - 205876

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2105205 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 380061 , Ahmedabad, 380061 , | Research Area: Biological Science

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2105205
Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2105205
Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2105205.pdf

  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: PRETREATMENT, SACCHARIFICATION, AND BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM COTTON GINNING AND PAPER WASTES BY SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 9  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2021

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Biological Science

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 9

 Issue: 5

 Pages: c37-c46

 Year: May 2021

 Downloads: 1412

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

Cotton wastes comprise lignin, hemicelluloses and cellulose, which can be utilized as sustainable for the production of bioethanol. Cotton based lignocellulosic biomass requires specific pretreatment strategy to efficiently remove lignin and to solubilize hemicelluloses, which increases the accessibility of hydrolytic enzymes during saccharification. Waste paper, a major source of cellulosic biomass, could be utilized as a potential substrate for cellulase production. Different pretreated waste papers were used as substrates for cellulase production. Trichoderma spp. is used for Bioethanol production because of high metabolic activity in production of cellulase enzyme and hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose. Bioethanol has been identified as the mostly used biofuel worldwide since it significantly contributes to the reduction of crude oil consumption and environmental pollutions. Compared to other types of microorganisms, yeasts especially saccharomyces cerevisiae is the common microbes employed in ethanol production due to its high ethanol productivity, high ethanol tolerance and ability of fermenting wide range of sugar. The production of bio-ethanol by microbial saccharification and fermentation process. The common process involves in ethanol production are pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation. Productions of bio-ethanol during fermentation depend on several factors such as temperature, pH, inoculum size, and sugar concentration.


Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cotton waste, Paper waste, Yeasts, Fermentation, Bioethanol

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition



Call For Paper April 2026
Indexing Partner
ISSN and 7.97 Impact Factor Details


ISSN
ISSN
ISSN: 2320-2882
Impact Factor: 7.97 and ISSN APPROVED
Journal Starting Year (ESTD) : 2013
ISSN
ISSN and 7.97 Impact Factor Details


ISSN
ISSN
ISSN: 2320-2882
Impact Factor: 7.97 and ISSN APPROVED
Journal Starting Year (ESTD) : 2013
ISSN
DOI Details

Providing A digital object identifier by DOI.org How to get DOI?
For Reviewer /Referral (RMS) Earn 500 per paper
Our Social Link
Open Access
This material is Open Knowledge
This material is Open Data
This material is Open Content
Indexing Partner

Scholarly open access journals, Peer-reviewed, and Refereed Journals, Impact factor 7.97 (Calculate by google scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool) , Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Indexing in all major database & Metadata, Citation Generator, Digital Object Identifier(DOI)

indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer