Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

o Purpose of the study - To examine financial literacy in India with respect to socio-economic factors and to identify the reasons for variations (low or high) in financial literacy through a comparative analysis of these factors. o Research Methodology - The present study is based on secondary data. It utilizes data published in the 2019 report by the NCFE (National Centre for Financial Education). Additionally, the study employs analytical methods based on reference literature o Conclusions - he study found that financial literacy in rural India is lower than in urban India. The main reason is that many rural communities lack access to financial education. It was also observed that women have lower financial literacy compared to men in India. This is due to various educational and social barriers that make it difficult for women to acquire financial knowledge. In terms of social class, the general caste shows the highest level of financial literacy, while the scheduled caste shows the lowest. This difference exists because of unequal access to education and financial awareness due to the social structure. According to age, the 18-29 age group has higher financial literacy, whereas the 70-80 age group has the lowest. This is because younger people can easily understand modern technology and financial systems, while older people may find it difficult to adapt. Education also plays an important role. People with higher education levels have better financial literacy. When comparing occupations, government employees have the highest financial literacy, as they are more likely to receive training from financial institutions. On the other hand, people working in the agricultural sector have the lowest financial literacy. Finally, financial literacy is lower among low-income groups due to limited access to financial resources and information.

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Financial Literacy, Socio-Economic Factors

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Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Traditional Home Remedies, Herbs, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices

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Women entrepreneurship is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to economic development and social empowerment in India. However, the decision of women to engage in entrepreneurial activities is largely influenced by their level of awareness and motivational factors. This study aims to explore the factors that create awareness and encourage women to become entrepreneurs in Surat. A quantitative research design was adopted, and Primary data were generated from 200 women respondents using a structured questionnaire. Key factors such as family support, education and training, financial awareness, government schemes awareness, social influence, and self-confidence were examined in relation to entrepreneurial motivation. Statistical tools including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression were employed. The findings reveal that self-confidence and family support are the most influential factors, followed by education and awareness-related variables. The study highlights the importance of enhancing awareness, skill development, and psychological empowerment to promote women entrepreneurship. The results provide useful insights for policymakers and institutions to design effective strategies for encouraging women to pursue entrepreneurial activities.

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Women Entrepreneurship, Awareness, Motivation, Entrepreneurial Intention, Surat

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This study will focus on the yearly performance of the scheme (Mukhyamantri Kanya Vivah Yojana) in the state of Chhattisgarh as it relates to financial performance which is examined through budget allocations, funding disbursement & efficiency of budgets through a longitudinal research design that uses secondary data collected from state budget documents, finance accounts & other relevant documents (state government reports) over a period of time. The purpose of this study is to review the trend of allocations, the amount of funds released or disbursed and the actual amount of expenditure against the allocated amount and to determine how closely these three components are consistent and order within a state government funded program/comma program. Expected results of this research will reveal significant variation in funding allocation trend and other types of discrepancies between actual and/or regulatory amounts associated with program funding approvals or budgets which may evidence a lack of effectiveness as a result of delays in administration; ineffective implementation; or shortcomings in policy/administrative design; as well as identifying trends associated with program funding policy/administrative management; and will assess whether the program has become increasingly efficient throughout the duration of its implementation.

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Women Empowerment, Government schems, Mukyamantri Kanya Vivah Yojna, Child development

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The present study investigates science achievement among secondary school students in relation to their scientific attitude, with a focus on institutional differences. A descriptive survey method was employed, and a sample of 195 secondary school students was selected using stratified random sampling from both government and private schools. Self-made tools were used to assess students' scientific attitude and science achievement. The data were analysed using appropriate statistical techniques, including mean, standard deviation, and t-test. The study found a significant positive relationship between scientific attitude and science achievement among secondary school students. A statistically significant difference was observed between students in private and government schools, with students in private schools demonstrating higher levels of science achievement. This difference may be attributed to variations in learning environments, availability of resources, and instructional practices. The study highlights the importance of fostering a scientific attitude as a key factor in enhancing academic performance in science. It also emphasises the need to improve teaching strategies and infrastructural facilities in government schools to bridge the achievement gap. The findings have important implications for educators, policymakers, and curriculum planners.

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Science achievement; scientific attitude; secondary school students.

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The position of Muslim women in India, specifically daughters, still suffers from discrimination in their share of inheritance under the uncodified Muslim Personal Law as governed by the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act of 1937. The share of inheritance given to women by the Quran in the 7th century in Arabia is not reflected under the codified laws, where the share of daughters is half of what their brothers get, and the remaining amount goes to the agnates of the male members of the family. This paper seeks to explore the existing framework, identify the inequalities, discuss the judicial precedents, and emphasize the need for reforms in the form of codification, optional application of civil law, or a Uniform Civil Code (UCC). It also aims to focus on landmark and ongoing judgments of the Supreme Court, which reflect the contrast between individual rights and gender justice and suggest reforms that are in correspondence with the Constitution and empower daughters economically and socially. In doing so, the paper adopts a doctrinal and socio-legal approach, examining relevant statutes, judicial decisions, and comparative approaches from other jurisdictions. The research aims to prove that the existing framework is inadequate and needs reform, whether from within or outside personal law.

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Muslim Women, Inheritance Rights, Muslim Personal Law, Gender Justice, Daughters' Property Rights, India, Uniform Civil Code, Constitutional Equality, Legal Reform, Women's Economic Empowerment.

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Bharat aur Nepal Ke Bich Dwipakshiya Kutniti Ka Vikas (2004-2023): Rannitik Badlav Aur Nirantarta Ka Ek Mahatvpurn Vshleshan

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Bharat aur Nepal Ke Bich Dwipakshiya Kutniti Ka Vikas (2004-2023): Rannitik Badlav Aur Nirantarta Ka Ek Mahatvpurn Vshleshan

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Intraday financial markets witness significant fluctuation of prices, which can be rather unpredictable with the use of traditional statistical or econometric modeling. Traditional approaches to forecasting do not take into consideration structural aspects of market liquidity and its influence on trading by institutions. This research attempts to develop an integrated approach based on principles of Market Microstructure and Quantitative Finance for analysis of interaction between liquidity distribution across the price levels and large institutional orders leading to creation of liquidity vacuums that cause price acceleration. Intraday trading in stock market is analyzed under the theoretical and mathematical frameworks that consider how distribution of liquidity along the price levels impacts formation of liquidity vacuums and consequent generation of price acceleration. Liquidity vacuums are considered as zones characterized by insufficient market depth to handle incoming orders, which leads to quick price acceleration. A liquidity mapping model is formulated for determination of liquidity density and existence of liquidity gaps in the limit order book. These liquidity gaps are then associated with institutional trading activities indicating high probability of creation of liquidity vacuums, triggered by large order executions. Mathematical modeling of liquidity imbalance and corresponding order flow pressure leading to expected price acceleration is suggested. In addition, the research outlines a methodology for empirical validation that utilizes intraday high-frequency data to verify the predictive ability of the liquidity vacuum signal. It is anticipated that the findings will indicate that the inclusion of the liquidity structure and institutional orders greatly increases the accuracy of price predictions within intraday periods relative to traditional time series models..

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 Keywords

Liquidity Mapping, Institutional Order Flow, Liquidity Vacuum Intraday Price Acceleration ,Limit Order Book, Order Flow Dynamics , Market Liquidity , Liquidity Imbalance , Intraday Stock Market Prediction ,Price Discovery

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Motherhood is considered as an inevitable part of womanhood; however, this aspect of womanhood is not blessed to every woman. Some women are denied the joys of motherhood. These women feel incomplete and carry a sense of low self-esteem. The pressure to become a woman doesn't come from the woman alone, but the society which is patriarchal and views a woman incomplete if she's unable to conceive. This research paper studies the Nigerian author Buchi Emecheta's book 'The Joys of Motherhood' in view of the societal pressure on women to become mothers, that too sons, even at the expense of poverty and physical and mental health of a woman. The paper highlights the worthlessness that infertile women are associated with and the kind of degrading treatment society gives to such women.

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Motherhood, infertility, societal pressure

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Context In today's healthcare environment, quality, safety, and standardisation are essential for delivering effective patient care. The National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH) provides a structured framework to improve hospital performance through defined standards and protocols. Accreditation ensures that hospitals follow best practices in patient care, infection control, safety, and management systems.

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 Keywords

Accreditation Process, Gap Analysis, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Policy Implementation, Internal Audit, External Assessment, Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition