Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Abstract In the digital era, the increasing reliance on data-driven technologies has intensified tensions between individual privacy and state surveillance. While cyber security measures are essential for safeguarding national security, they often conflict with civil liberties, particularly the right to privacy. This paper critically examines India's evolving data protection framework, focusing on the Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023 and its implications for state surveillance practices. It analyses the constitutional dimensions of privacy under Article 21, with special reference to the landmark judgment in K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, which recognized privacy as a fundamental right. The study highlights the legal and ethical challenges posed by surveillance mechanisms such as interception, monitoring, and data retention. It further evaluates whether current laws strike an appropriate balance between security imperatives and individual freedoms. The paper argues for stronger safeguards, transparency, and accountability in surveillance frameworks, emphasizing the need for proportionality and judicial oversight. Comparative insights are also drawn from global practices to suggest reforms for a more rights-oriented approach in India.

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 Keywords

Cyber security, Data protection, State Surveillance, Right to privacy, National security

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Health and fitness is being given utmost importance these days and a simple system is needed that will allow a user to track nutrition more effectively. This paper proposes a Smart Meal Tracker that helps the user to get meal plans personalized, check nutrition values of the meals and get notified on time. The system collects basic details from user such as age, height, weight, gender and fitness goals that will be utilized to compute BMI, calorie intake for the day and protein needed. Based on these inputs the system generates the diet plan for a day with the complete nutrient composition and nutrition values of the food that needs to be eaten. One of the highlighting features of this application is that it works on the basis of location-based price of the food and makes meal suggestions based on what the user is comfortable spending in his/her region. The smart reminder feature works by providing browser notifications which is another added advantage that will prompt the user on the time of his meals to track diet more consistently. It is designed using HTML, CSS and JavaScript for the display of data to make it responsive and user-friendly and without a back-end.

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 Keywords

Smart Meal Tracker, Personalized Nutrition, Meal Planning, BMI Calculation, Calorie and Protein Estimation, Location-Based Pricing, Reminder System, Web Application, Local Storage, User Engagement

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The study provides an examination of the ensemble machine learning algo rithms alongside the techniques of uncertainty measures on nonlinear economic forecasting. We have an extremely large simulation experiment: we have 12 data generating processes (DGPs), which are threshold effects, smooth transition autoregressive models, regime switching dynamics, and chaotic systems. Together with conformal prediction and quantile regression forests, there are three ensemble methods, which include bagging, boosting, and stacking, that pro vide powerful prediction intervals. We perform performance appraisal of Monte Carlo replications of forecasting with sample sizes of 250 to 2000 observations and signal-noise ratio of 10,000 and nonlinearity of the signal of different levels with signal-noise ratios. Results have depicted stacking with conformal prediction to have great coverage probabilities (93.2-96.8) and competitive point forecast accuracy. Boosting performs optimally in high signal to noises circumstances, but loses coverage when nonlinearity is severe. Bagging achieves good baseline performance of all DGPs. Our analysis provides the outcome of the strong dominance regions of both ensembles techniques and provides effective suggestions of quantifying uncertainty in applying economic forecasting techniques. The study is also relevant methodologically by hypothetically proposing an adaptive ensemble selection framework and empirically by defining performance limits at both extremes within the non-linearity spectrum.

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 Keywords

Ensemble learning, uncertainty quantification, conformal prediction, quantile regression, nonlinear forecasting, Monte Carlo simulation

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This study explores how phonetic awareness contributes to the development of English language skills in multilingual classroom environments. Learners who come from varied linguistic backgrounds often face challenges related to pronunciation, sound recognition, and reading accuracy. The paper argues that an improved awareness of speech sounds supports better articulation, listening ability, and decoding skills. A descriptive qualitative research design was adopted, with data collected through classroom observations, structured questionnaires, and diagnostic assessments. The findings suggest that students with stronger phonetic awareness demonstrate greater fluency, experience less interference from their first language, and show increased confidence in communication. The study emphasizes the need to incorporate systematic phonetic instruction into language teaching practices to promote comprehensive language learning.

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This study explores how phonetic awareness contributes to the development of English language skills in multilingual classroom environments. Learners who come from varied linguistic backgrounds often face challenges related to pronunciation, sound recognition, and reading accuracy. The paper argues that an improved awareness of speech sounds supports better articulation, listening ability, and decoding skills. A descriptive qualitative research design was adopted, with data collected through cla

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Mathematics anxiety is a major academic concern that can affect students' confidence, participation, and performance in mathematics. The present study, titled "Exploring Mathematics Anxiety among Secondary School Students," aimed to examine the level of mathematics anxiety among secondary school students and determine whether it differs on the basis of gender. The study was conducted using a descriptive survey method. A total sample of 122 secondary school students was selected for the study, including 60 male and 62 female students. Data were collected through a Mathematics Anxiety Scale and analysed using descriptive statistics and an independent samples t-test. The overall findings indicated that students experienced a moderate level of mathematics anxiety. The mean anxiety score of male students was 88.98, while the mean score of female students was 87.60. Although male students showed a slightly higher mean score, the difference was not statistically significant, t(120) = 0.577, p = 0.565. Therefore, the study found no significant difference in mathematics anxiety between male and female secondary school students. The findings suggest that mathematics anxiety is experienced by both genders almost equally. Hence, teachers, parents, and school counsellors should adopt supportive teaching and counselling strategies for all students to reduce fear and improve confidence in mathematics learning.

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 Keywords

Mathematics anxiety; secondary school students; gender difference; male and female students.

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This study examines the multifaced evolution of Kalamkari,a 3000 year old Indian textile art from its origins as a sacred storytelling medium to its current status as a global symbol of sustainable fashion by analysing the two primary traditional style SRIKALAHASTI and Machilipatnam the research highlight the intricate 23 steps process involving organic dyes and manual craftsmanship The paper further explore contemporary practices where the art has transitioned from temple scrolls to high end couture, adopted by renowed designers like Sabyasachi Mukherjee and Ritu kumar this shift has introduced digital printing and diverse base fabric such as silk and georgette creating a tension between mass production and authentic hand printed heritage.

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 Keywords

Kalamkari, Sustainable textiles, Srikalahasti, Machilipantam, Cultural heritage, India Fashion Natural dye

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are essential elements in detecting and responding to security threats within computer systems and networks. [1].With the increasing complexity of cyber-attacks, traditional detection systems are no longer sufficient, leading to the adoption of machine learning and hybrid detection techniques [2].This paper presents an in-depth study of IDS, including detection methods, architecture, datasets, tools, experimental analysis, and future advancements [3].

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 Keywords

Network Security , IDS , Cyber Attacks , Machine Learning , Deep Learning , Anomaly Detection .

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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:This implementation is based on computer vision technology, in this I have developed a system which will process real time video, it will detect the object in real time and track the moving object. The main objective of this system is to detect objects in real time and track that object. Some techniques have been used in this. In this system, YOLO algorithm has been used for object detection and this implementation is based on computer vision. Python language has been used for programming. Deep Sort algorithm has been used for tracking. By using this technique, the object is identified and its framing is done and after this the identified object is put for tracking. Then the DeepSort algorithm gives a different ID to each object and tracks the moving object. After completing this system, a system was developed which Real time object detected and tracked

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 Keywords

computer vision ,yolo ,deepsort ,real tim system ,opencv

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study evaluated the e-governance services among cities in Central Luzon in terms of: ease of use, accessibility, efficiency, reliability, and responsiveness. It also identified the best practices and their problems encountered on delivering their e-government services. To answer this, the researcher employed a Quantitative Research this is appropriate since the study measured perceptions and examined relationships using numerical data collected from a defined group of respondents. The study reveals that all indicators used to measure e-governance services were rated as agree. However, efficiency obtained the highest mean of 3.99 while ease of use and responsiveness obtained the lowest mean of 3.95. The overall mean of 3.96 across five dimensions was obtained which suggests that respondents generally view digital government platforms as functional and beneficial in facilitating government transactions. The results imply that citizens can access services through digital systems and complete various transactions without relying entirely on traditional in-person procedures. The growing use of online platforms in public administration reflects the broader transition toward digital governance, where technology plays an important role in improving service accessibility and administrative efficiency. In terms of the problems encountered, "Slow system performance affects transactions" was considered as the topmost problems encountered by the respondents with a frequency of 375 or 98.68%. While the least problem raised was the "Data Privacy and security concerns are present" with a frequency of 230 or 60.53%. It should be noted that understanding these concerns is important because the success of digital government services depends not only on the availability of technology but also on how well these systems function in practice. When users encounter recurring problems during transactions, their overall perception of digital government initiatives is affected. Considering all these findings, certain recommendations were proposed, such as reviewing regular transaction procedures to remove unnecessary steps and reducing delays, particularly during busy periods. Improved coordination among offices can also help speed up processing time and continuously monitoring and updating their current system to maintain stable system performance and sustain user trust.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Accessibility, Administrative efficiency, best practices, Citizen perception, Digital platforms, Ease of use, Efficiency, E-governance, Government transactions, Implementation challenges, Reliability, Responsiveness, Service delivery, System performance, User experience.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Warli art, a traditional tribal art form originating from the Warli community of Maharashtra, India, serves as a visual narrative of the community's socio-cultural life and evolving history. Characterized by its distinctive use of geometric shapes and monochromatic palette on mud walls, Warli paintings historically depicted themes of nature, agriculture, rituals, and communal harmony. However, over time, this art form has transformed significantly, reflecting broader social and historical changes. This study explores how Warli art has adapted to shifting contexts such as urbanization, globalization, and increased interaction with mainstream society. Contemporary Warli artists have begun incorporating modern elements including technology, environmental concerns, education, and social issues into their work, while still retaining traditional motifs and techniques. These changes highlight the dynamic nature of Warli art as both a cultural expression and a medium of storytelling. Furthermore, the transition of Warli art from ritualistic wall paintings to commercial canvases and global markets illustrates changes in economic structures and cultural preservation strategies. While commercialization has provided new opportunities for artists, it also raises questions about authenticity and cultural identity. By examining traditional and contemporary Warli artworks, this paper underscores how Warli art not only preserves the heritage of the community but also acts as a living document of social transformation and historical progression.

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 Keywords

Tradition, modernization, tribal life, urbanization, cultural change, rituals, nature, symbolism, globalization, heritage, transformation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition