Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

As artificial intelligence tools become ubiquitous in education, work, and daily life, concerns emerge about their impact on fundamental human cognitive abilities. This paper presents a comprehensive conceptual framework centered on the 'Learn, Unlearn, Relearn' cycle, examining how AI dependency threatens cognitive resilience across multiple domains. We identify a critical paradox: while AI systems require humans to maintain independent thinking for effective oversight, the ease and rewards of AI use create patterns of cognitive offloading that undermine precisely these capacities. The paper documents observable patterns of cognitive erosion--including declining patience for learning, deteriorating critical thinking, weakening memory retention, and reduced tolerance for intellectual difficulty--and traces these to a common root cause: the loss of patience as the foundation of all deep learning. We argue that the determining factor is not technology use per se, but rather the pattern of engagement: whether AI serves as cognitive augmentation or cognitive replacement. The paper proposes the 'Observe It First' principle as a practical intervention and identifies guided use, mastery-oriented approaches, and deliberate practice of independent thinking as essential protective strategies. This framework contributes to ongoing debates about technology in education and workplace settings while providing actionable guidance for individuals, institutions, and policymakers seeking to preserve human cognitive sovereignty.

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 Keywords

artificial intelligence, cognitive dependency, attention span, critical thinking, patience for learning, cognitive sovereignty, learn-unlearn-relearn framework

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This paper presented an ethnographic study of the Gamara festival as observed in Wadda village, located in the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand, India. This paper examined the Gamara locally known as Satu-Aathu festival of Kumaon (Uttarakhand) as a living assemblage of ritual, gendered performance, material culture and visual practice. Based on a field visit conducted at the end of August, the study adopted a day wise narrative approach to document ritual practices, gendered participation and the intricate process of idol making associated with Gaura and Maheshwar. Through participant observation and interviews with the local women of that place the paper tried to find out how ritual actions, material practices, and collective performances create sacred meaning within a cultural framework. Certain attention is given to the transformation of natural materials into divine representations emphasizing the role of craft in ritual embodiment. The result indicates that the Gamara festival operates as a site where cosmology, ecology, and social relations intersect. This documentation relatively underrepresented Himalayan tradition; the study adds its voice to broader discussions in anthropology, material religion, and folklore studies.

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Key words : Gamara festival, Kumaon, idol making, folk art and ritual art.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study investigates the effect of compression ratio on the performance of a dedicated CNG engine. Compression ratios of 10 to 13 and engine speeds ranging from 1000 to 5000 rpm were analyzed to determine the optimum compression ratio. The results show that increasing the compression ratio improves engine performance parameters such as power, torque, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Due to lower emissions and cleaner combustion, CNG engines are becoming a sustainable alternative to conventional fuels. The study concludes that an optimum compression ratio enhances the efficiency and overall performance of dedicated CNG engines.

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Keywords: CNG engine, Thermal Efficiency, Compression Ratio, emission control, CO-NO?-THC-CH? emissions, ECU calibration.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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India's expanding digital sphere is transforming the nature of individual participation in politics, and movements like #MeTooIndia, #DalitLivesMatter, #SaveArrey, the JNU protest, Anti-CAA Protest, the Farmers' protest, and others are reaching ever wider audiences. Yet this online empowerment of citizens is persistently challenged by recurring network disruptions, particularly during periods of civil unrest. While the administration argues that such connectivity blackouts are essential for maintaining law and order, there is growing concern over their impact on grassroots mobilization. This paper examines internet shutdowns not merely as administrative measures but as deliberate instruments of governance that reshape contentious political activity in the country. The research employs qualitative content analysis of secondary sources to evaluate the consequences of these blackouts on digital activism and to contribute to the broader discourse on democracy and state authority.

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 Keywords

Internet Shutdowns, Digital Activism, Digital Authoritarianism, Contentious Politics, Democratic Accountability, Social Movements

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A Study of Foundational Literacy and Numeracy Status of Primary School Students in the Context of the NIPUN Bharat Mission

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A Study of Foundational Literacy and Numeracy Status of Primary School Students in the Context of the NIPUN Bharat Mission

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Our research dives into the revolutionary shift happening in how we make tough choices, all thanks to Generative AI (GenAI). We're taking a close look at the main players--from the models that create realistic fake data (GANs) and the ones that help design structured ideas (VAEs), right up to the huge chat engines (LLMs) that power today's digital world. The big takeaway is that GenAI is dramatically speeding up decision-making in vital areas like finance and healthcare. However, this power comes with a major catch: these tools are unreliable on their own. They carry the risk of inherited bias and sometimes just confidently make things up ("hallucinate"). Because of this, the key to using GenAI successfully isn't replacing humans, but ensuring robust human-AI teamwork is in place, backed by clear rules on transparency and accountability. This paper reviews how we can properly harness these systems.

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 Keywords

Generative AI, Decision Making, Hallucination, GANs, VAEs, Diffusion Models, Large Language Models, Human-AI Collaboration, Bias Mitigation, Ethical AI

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Aviation brackets are critical structural components that must sustain complex loading conditions while maintaining minimal weight. This study presents the finite element analysis (FEA) and structural optimization of an aviation bracket to improve its performance and efficiency. A 3D model is analyzed under realistic boundary conditions to evaluate stress distribution, deformation, and factor of safety. Critical stress regions are identified, and design modifications are implemented to reduce weight while maintaining structural integrity. The results demonstrate that FEA-based optimization significantly enhances performance and achieves an efficient strength-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for aerospace applications.

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Aviation Bracket, Critical Loading Conditions, Structural Optimisation, stress distribution, Efficient Strength-to-Weight Ratio, Aerospace Application

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The work introduces a smart energy-related consumption system that aims to detect deviations in the pattern and develop a better comprehension of how to use time-series data. This system takes advantage of a multi-perspective analytical perspective to identify both minimal and remarkable consumption patterns deviations whilst being flexible under different data circumstances. The combination of reconstruction-based learning and statistical analysis successfully separates regular operation patterns and abnormal fluctuations in the framework. Also, forecast technologies are included to determine the future consumption trends and enhance accuracy in prediction. The modular design allows effective data processing, application deployment, and easy visualization via interactive interface. Experimental testing shows that there is better consistency and interpretability of detection than as a single model. The proposed solution gives a scalable and real-world energy monitoring application a reliable base to enable proactive decision-making, resource optimization, and enhanced awareness of the working environment in dynamic environments.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Energy Monitoring, Anomaly Detection, Time-Series Analysis, Consumption Patterns, Predictive Analytics, Intelligent Systems, Data Visualization.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract The rapid advancement of financial technology (FinTech) has significantly transformed the financial landscape of emerging markets, particularly in enhancing financial inclusion and reshaping consumer behavior. This study examines the role of India's Unified Payments Interface (UPI), developed by the National Payments Corporation of India under the regulatory framework of the Reserve Bank of India, in transforming the digital payment ecosystem, consumer behavior, and economic architecture. Methods: The study adopts a qualitative and analytical research design based on secondary data. Data were collected from reports published by the Reserve Bank of India, World Bank, government publications, and peer-reviewed journals. A conceptual framework integrating digital payment systems, financial inclusion theory, and consumer behavior models (such as TAM and behavioral economics) was used to analyze the impact of UPI. Comparative analysis with global models, including China's digital wallets and Africa's mobile money systems, was also conducted. Results: The findings reveal that UPI has significantly enhanced financial inclusion by enabling real-time, low-cost, and accessible financial transactions, particularly among underserved populations in rural and semi-urban areas. It has reduced transaction costs, increased financial participation, and promoted the formalization of economic activities. From a behavioral perspective, UPI has accelerated the shift from cash to cashless transactions, reduced the psychological "pain of paying," and increased consumption frequency, including micro-transactions. Additionally, UPI has contributed to the growth of the digital economy, expansion of e-commerce, rise of the gig economy, and transformation of banking into digital-first models. Its open and interoperable architecture has fostered fintech innovation and enhanced competition. Conclusion: UPI has emerged as a transformative digital public infrastructure that extends beyond a payment system to become a catalyst for inclusive economic growth and digital transformation. While its scalability and interoperability make it a globally replicable model, challenges such as cybersecurity risks, digital divide, infrastructural constraints, and regulatory complexities must be addressed to ensure sustainable development. The study concludes that UPI plays a critical role in redefining financial ecosystems and offers strategic implications for policymakers, financial institutions, and marketers in emerging markets.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Digital Payments, UPI, Financial Inclusion, Consumer Behavior, FinTech, Emerging Markets

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting the pilosebaceous unit and is associated with microbial infection, excess sebum production, and inflammation. The present study focuses on the development and in vitro evaluation of an anti-acne gel formulated using Psidium guajava (guava) leaf extract, known for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The guava leaves were collected, authenticated, shade-dried, and subjected to hydroalcoholic extraction using the maceration technique. Preliminary phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of bioactive constituents such as flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. The extract was incorporated into a gel base using Carbopol 934 to prepare three formulations (F1, F2, and F3) with varying concentrations of the extract. The formulated gels were evaluated for physicochemical parameters including physical appearance, pH, spreadability, viscosity, washability, and stability. All formulations showed acceptable organoleptic properties, with pH in the range suitable for skin application (6.0-7.0). Spreadability and viscosity studies indicated that formulation F1 exhibited optimal performance with good consistency and ease of application. Stability studies revealed that F1 remained stable under both room temperature and refrigerated conditions, while F2 and F3 showed moderate variations. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Cutibacterium acnes using the agar well diffusion method. The formulation exhibited minimal antibacterial activity compared to the standard drug, indicating the need for further optimization. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that Psidium guajava leaf extract can be successfully formulated into a topical gel with acceptable physicochemical properties, though enhancement of antimicrobial efficacy is required for improved therapeutic potential.

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 Keywords

Anti-acne gel, Psidium guajava, Guava leaf extract, Acne vulgaris, Carbopol 934, Herbal formulation, Antimicrobial activity, Cutibacterium acnes, Topical drug delivery, Phytochemical screening

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition