Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

The electric vehicle (EV) industry in India has experienced remarkable growth during the last few years due to increasing environmental awareness, rising fuel prices, technological advancements, and supportive government policies. Among the companies operating in the Indian EV sector, OLA Electric emerged as one of the fastest-growing electric two-wheeler manufacturers. The company gained significant market share in 2022 and became one of the leading brands in the Indian electric scooter market. However, between 2023 and 2026, OLA Electric faced several challenges, including rising competition, customer service issues, product quality concerns, and operational difficulties, which affected its market share and business performance. This research paper examines the rise, decline, and recovery strategies of OLA Electric within the Indian EV industry. The study is based on secondary data collected from industry reports, business articles, company websites, and market analysis reports. Statistical analysis has also been used to understand market trends and competitive positioning. The study concludes that although OLA Electric experienced a decline in market share after rapid expansion, the company continues to possess strong growth potential because of technological innovation, government support, and increasing demand for sustainable mobility solutions.

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Ola, EV, EV Market

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This paper presents an intelligent Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system for automated bill data extraction using Qwen VL2, a state-of-the-art vision-language model (VLM). Unlike traditional OCR pipelines that rely on Tesseract or rule-based pattern matching, the proposed system leverages the multimodal capabilities of Qwen VL2 to process bill images and directly return structured key-value pairs corresponding to fields such as consumer number, billing amount, due date, and service period. The system integrates a Node.js backend with a MongoDB database for scalable storage and retrieval. Experimental evaluation on 200 diverse real-world electricity and utility bills demonstrates superior extraction accuracy compared to conventional OCR approaches, achieving 94.6% overall field-level accuracy versus 73.0% for Tesseract. The architecture is lightweight, extensible, and deployable in cloud or on-premise environments.

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 Keywords

Qwen VL2, Vision-Language Model, OCR, Bill Processing, Key-Value Extraction, Multimodal AI, Document Automation, Node.js, MongoDB.

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The present study aims to comparatively evaluate the phytochemical composition and pharmacological activities of Tridax procumbens and Tinospora cordifolia, two widely used medicinal plants. Plant extracts were prepared using standard solvent extraction methods and subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening. Pharmacological activities, including antioxidant (DPPH assay), antimicrobial (agar well diffusion), anti-inflammatory (protein denaturation), and antidiabetic (?-amylase inhibition) assays, were evaluated. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of key bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, and terpenoids in both plants. Quantitative estimation showed higher total phenolic and flavonoid content in Tinospora cordifolia compared to Tridax procumbens. In pharmacological studies, both extracts exhibited dose-dependent activity; however, Tinospora cordifolia demonstrated significantly stronger antioxidant activity (lower IC??), greater antimicrobial effects, higher inhibition of protein denaturation, and more pronounced ?-amylase inhibitory activity. The findings indicate a positive correlation between phytochemical content and pharmacological efficacy. Overall, Tinospora cordifolia showed superior therapeutic potential, although Tridax procumbens also exhibited considerable biological activity. This study supports the traditional use of both plants and highlights their potential as sources of bioactive compounds for the development of natural therapeutic agents. Further studies are recommended to isolate active constituents and validate their clinical applications.

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 Keywords

Tridax procumbens, Tinospora cordifolia, phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, pharmacological evaluation

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Agriculture is very important for the growth of the economy and ensuring that people have enough food, especially in countries that are still developing, like India. Even though it's important, the productivity of farming is often affected by things like changes in the weather that are hard to predict, choosing the wrong crops, not using water efficiently, and not having enough help from experts. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a good solution for these problems by helping make decisions based on data and smart technology. Now, Generative AI has become popular because it can not only look at data but also explain and suggest things in a way that's easy for people to understand, like how humans would talk. This review paper looks at how Generative AI is being used in modern farming, especially for helping farmers decide which crops to grow, predicting how much they will harvest, and making farming more sustainable. It looks at the different machine learning methods currently used in agriculture, points out their weaknesses, and explains how Generative AI can make these tools easier to use, more clear, and build trust among farmers. The paper ends by saying that combining tools that predict the future with Generative AI can change traditional farming into a smarter, more explainable, and more sustainable way of growing food

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 Keywords

Generative Artificial Intelligence, Smart Agriculture, Crop Yield Prediction, Crop Recommendation, Decision Support Systems, Sustainable Farming

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Quercetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective activities. However, its therapeutic application is considerably restricted due to poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and limited target-site accumulation. Recent advances in Nanotechnology have enabled the development of novel nanocarrier systems to overcome these pharmacokinetic limitations and improve the clinical potential of Quercetin. Various nanocarriers, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, micelles, and inorganic nanoparticles, have demonstrated enhanced drug stability, controlled release, improved cellular uptake, and tissue-specific delivery. This review summarizes the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic challenges associated with quercetin and discusses recent progress in nanotechnology-based delivery strategies. Particular emphasis is given to targeted and stimuli-responsive nanocarriers designed for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of nano-quercetin, including modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory pathways, fibrosis-related signaling, apoptosis, and tumor microenvironment regulation, are critically discussed. The therapeutic applications of quercetin nanoparticles in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular complications, and wound healing are also highlighted. Furthermore, current challenges related to nanoparticle toxicity, regulatory approval, large-scale manufacturing, and clinical translation are addressed. Overall, nano-enabled delivery systems offer a promising platform for improving quercetin therapeutics and advancing its future clinical applications.

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Quercetin; Nanotechnology; Polymeric nanoparticles; Targeted drug delivery; Oxidative stress; Cancer nanomedicine; Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers

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Attitudes of Students in Higher Education Institutions towards Massive Open Online Courses

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Attitudes of Students in Higher Education Institutions towards Massive Open Online Courses

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Abstract: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) represents one of the most challenging complications associated with diabetes mellitus and remains a major cause of chronic non-healing wounds, infection, and lower-extremity amputation. The impaired healing process observed in diabetic wounds is primarily linked to persistent hyperglycemia, excessive oxidative stress, peripheral neuropathy, vascular insufficiency, reduced angiogenesis, and prolonged inflammatory responses. These pathological abnormalities collectively disrupt normal tissue repair and delay wound closure. Although several conventional treatment approaches are currently available, their therapeutic effectiveness is often limited by poor drug penetration, insufficient retention at the wound site, and the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance. In recent years, ferulic acid, a plant-derived phenolic bioactive compound, has attracted increasing scientific interest because of its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and regenerative activities. Despite its promising therapeutic potential, the clinical application of ferulic acid remains restricted due to low aqueous solubility, limited bioavailability, and rapid degradation under physiological conditions. To overcome these limitations, nanoengineered delivery systems such as polymeric nanoparticles, hydrogels, nanofibers, and lipid-based nanocarriers have been extensively investigated for improving drug stability, sustained release behavior, and targeted wound delivery. Moreover, recent advances in smart wound dressings, wearable sensing devices, artificial intelligence-assisted monitoring systems, and telemedicine have considerably transformed the management of diabetic wounds. This review summarizes the underlying pathophysiology of diabetic foot ulcers and discusses the therapeutic relevance of ferulic acid, current developments in nanoengineered delivery systems, and emerging technological approaches for advanced diabetic wound care.

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INDEX TERMS: Diabetic foot ulcer, Ferulic acid, Nanotechnology, Wound healing, Nanoengineered systems

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Abstract Digital financial inclusion has emerged as a key driver of inclusive economic growth in the digital era. India's rapid transformation from a cash-based economy to a global leader in real-time digital payments presents a unique and scalable model for analysis. However, existing literature often examines policy initiatives, technological infrastructure, and user adoption in isolation, lacking a comprehensive ecosystem perspective. This study addresses this gap by adopting an integrated framework to analyze India's digital financial inclusion trajectory from 2015 to 2024. Method :A longitudinal descriptive-analytical research design was employed using secondary data collected from credible sources, including the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), World Bank Global Findex Database, NITI Aayog, and the Ministry of Finance. The study applies an ecosystem-based analytical approach to examine the dynamic interaction among policy initiatives (Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana), digital identity infrastructure (Aadhaar), and payment systems (Unified Payments Interface). Results : The findings reveal that the interoperability of these components has driven exponential growth in digital financial transactions, with UPI transactions increasing from 1 billion to 131 billion over the study period. The ecosystem has significantly contributed to economic formalization, improved welfare delivery through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT), and enhanced transparency in financial systems. However, the study identifies an "Inclusion-Vulnerability Paradox," wherein rapid digital expansion has simultaneously intensified challenges such as the digital divide, low financial and digital literacy, and increasing cybersecurity risks among users. Conclusion: The study concludes that while India's digital financial ecosystem represents a globally significant model of inclusive innovation, sustainable financial inclusion requires a balanced approach that integrates technological advancement with user capability development, infrastructural equity, and robust cybersecurity frameworks. The proposed ecosystem framework provides both theoretical contributions and practical policy insights for emerging economies seeking to build resilient and inclusive digital financial systems.

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Keywords Digital Financial Inclusion; Fintech Ecosystem; Unified Payments Interface (UPI); India Stack; Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile (JAM) Trinity; Digital Payments; Financial Literacy; Economic Formalization; Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT); Digital Divide; Cybersecurity; Inclusive Innovation; Emerging Economies

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The present study, titled "Information and Communication Technology in School Education: A Study of Students' Attitude," was conducted to examine the attitude of secondary school students towards Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the context of school education. In the present digital age, ICT has become an important part of teaching and learning, as it supports access to information, interactive learning, digital communication, and academic development. The study adopted a descriptive survey method. A sample of 122 secondary school students was selected for the study. Data were collected through an ICT attitude scale designed to measure students' views regarding the use, usefulness, confidence, interest, barriers, and support related to ICT in education. The collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques. The findings revealed that secondary school students generally showed a positive attitude towards ICT. However, a significant difference was found between male and female students in their attitude towards ICT. This indicates that gender plays an important role in shaping students' perception and acceptance of ICT-based learning. The study highlights the need for equal ICT exposure, proper guidance, and supportive school environments so that all students can develop a positive and confident attitude towards technology in education.

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 Keywords

ICT, Attitude, Secondary School Students, School Education, Gender Difference, Digital Learning.

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Human Resource Management (HRM) plays a pivotal role in enhancing organizational effectiveness, particularly in knowledge-driven sectors such as education. This study examines recruitment, onboarding, and employee engagement practices in a private educational institution through an internship-based empirical approach. Using a descriptive research design and quantitative methodology, primary data were collected from 30 teaching and non-teaching employees through structured questionnaires. The findings reveal that while recruitment processes are moderately structured, the lack of digital tools affects efficiency. Onboarding practices are inconsistent, especially for non-teaching staff, and employee engagement initiatives lack continuity and strategic planning. The study highlights the need for digital HR integration, standardized onboarding procedures, and continuous engagement strategies. The research contributes to HRM literature in the education sector and offers practical recommendations for improving workforce management and institutional performance.

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Recruitment, Onboarding, Employee Engagement, HR Practices, Educational Institutions, Employee Satisfaction

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