Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

The Digital India effort, inaugurated in 2015, seeks to convert India into a digitally empowered society by improving infrastructure, governance and public participation. Gujarat, as one of India's most economically developed states, provides a substantial framework to evaluate the social ramifications of digital change. By examining Indian digitalization, we seek to critically analyse (a) the methods by which socially engaged, early stage, high-technology firms integrate social and economic objectives to expand their ventures; and (b) the strategies employed by socially engaged firms to cultivate entrepreneurial opportunities and the facilitation of stakeholder institutions to enhance the value creation process. This research study analyses the social ramification of Digital India in Gujarat, concentrating on digital inclusion, financial inclusion-governance, skill development and entrepreneurship. The research utilizes qualitative analysis of secondary data from governmental publications, scholarly literature and case studies demonstrating that digital initiatives have significantly improved service accessibility, governance transparency and economic inclusion. Digital India possesses significant potential for social benefit, its efficacy relies on inclusive implementation, legislative backing and ongoing investment in digital infrastructure and skills. We discovered that the entrepreneurs, social motivation and goals are equally powerful motivators and are the main reasons for the scaling up processes. The motivation is bolstered by the proactive involvement of government efforts, which also include other essential stakeholders in the growth process. Digital technology and a strong desire to succeed among entrepreneurs often work together to create market opportunities and draw the attention of national-international foundations.

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 Keywords

Digital India, Gujarat, Social Impact, Digital Inclusion, e-Governance, Skill Development, Start ups

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Sedentary lifestyle has emerged as a major public health concern globally, contributing to musculoskeletal dysfunction, decreased flexibility, impaired functional performance, and reduced quality of life (QOL). Non-pharmacological interventions such as yoga and conventional exercise have gained increasing attention for improving physical and psychological well-being. The present narrative review aims to evaluate the influence of yoga and exercise on muscle flexibility, QOL, and functional outcomes in sedentary adults. Literature was searched through PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and related databases for studies published between 2010 and 2025. Evidence suggests that both yoga and exercise significantly improve flexibility, muscular function, balance, mobility, and health-related QOL. Yoga demonstrates additional benefits through mindfulness, breathing regulation, stress reduction, and holistic wellness. Conventional exercise is particularly effective in improving strength, endurance, and cardiovascular fitness. Recent Scopus-indexed studies indicate that integrated yoga-based interventions may provide superior outcomes in physical and mental health compared to isolated exercise programs. Despite promising evidence, methodological heterogeneity, small sample sizes, and variability in intervention protocols remain major limitations across studies. Future large-scale randomized controlled trials with standardized outcome measures are recommended. Integration of yoga into physiotherapy and rehabilitation programs may offer a comprehensive strategy for improving health outcomes in sedentary Adults.

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Yoga, Exercise, Flexibility, Quality of Life, Functional Outcome, Sedentary Lifestyle, Physiotherapy

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This research presents a machine learning-based product recommendation system designed for e-commerce platforms using collaborative filtering techniques. The system analyzes user interaction data including browsing history, ratings, and purchase behavior to generate personalized product recommendations. The proposed model improves recommendation accuracy, customer engagement, and product discovery efficiency compared to traditional recommendation methods. Experimental analysis demonstrates enhanced user satisfaction and faster response time using machine learning algorithms such as cosine similarity. The study highlights the importance of intelligent recommendation systems in modern digital commerce environments.

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Machine Learning, Recommendation System, E-Commerce, Collaborative Filtering, Artificial Intelligence, Product Recommendation, Cosine Similarity

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Social media has become an important part of everyday life, allowing people to communicate, share information, and connect globally. Along with its advantages, it has also created new opportunities for cybercriminals to exploit users through various online threats. Social media platforms are increasingly being used for cyberattacks, making cybersecurity a major concern for individuals, organizations, and governments.This paper focuses on different cybersecurity threats found on social media platforms, including phishing attacks, identity theft, malware attacks, social engineering, and data privacy issues. The research is based on the review of existing literature related to cybersecurity risks and social media security. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are considered highly vulnerable because they store large amounts of personal information and involve continuous user interaction. These platforms are widely used for communication and information sharing, but they can also be misused for spreading misinformation, conducting cyberattacks, and stealing sensitive data.The paper highlights important cybersecurity concerns associated with social media and discusses practical preventive measures that can help users protect their personal information and maintain online safety.

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 Keywords

Cybersecurity risk, Cyber threats, mitigation techniques, Identity Theft, Risks Prevention in Social Media sites, Social Engineering

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Green finance has emerged as a critical component in promoting sustainable development, particularly within the Indian banking sector, where financial institutions play a vital role in resource allocation and economic growth. This study examines the impact of green finance on sustainable development by analyzing how banks in India integrate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles into their financial practices and decision-making processes. Green finance includes instruments such as green bonds, green loans, carbon financing, and ESG-based investment strategies, which aim to support environmentally sustainable projects like renewable energy, energy efficiency, and pollution control. The research highlights that the adoption of green finance practices by Indian banks contributes significantly to environmental sustainability by reducing carbon emissions, promoting clean energy, and encouraging eco-friendly industrial development. Economically, green finance enhances long-term financial stability, supports innovation, and creates new opportunities for sustainable growth. Socially, it contributes to employment generation, improved public health, and inclusive development. The study also explores the role of regulatory bodies such as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) in promoting green banking initiatives and establishing frameworks for sustainable finance. Furthermore, it examines the growing role of financial technology (FinTech) in improving transparency, efficiency, and accessibility of green financial services. Despite its positive impact, the study identifies several challenges, including lack of standardized regulations, high initial investment costs, limited awareness, and technological constraints. However, with increasing government support, global collaboration, and advancements in digital banking, green finance is expected to expand significantly in the future.

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Green Finance, Sustainable Development, Indian Banking Sector, ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance), Green Banking, Green Bonds, Green Loans, Carbon Financing, Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency, Pollution Control, Sustainable Finance, Financial Technology (FinTech), Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Environmental Sustainability, Clean Energy, Inclusive Development, Sustainable Growth, Eco-friendly Development.

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Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic significance of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy and assess their combined utility in 35 patients presenting with diverse hematological abnormalities. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five patients underwent simultaneous BMA and BMB. Indications, cytological findings, and biopsy results were analyzed and correlated to determine concordance, diagnostic yield, and the added value of combined procedures. Results: The study population included 20 males (57.1%) and 15 females (42.9%), with age ranging from 0-20 years (17.1%) to >60 years (20%). Common indications were pancytopenia (34.3%), anemia evaluation (22.9%), suspected leukemia (20%), thrombocytopenia (14.3%), and marrow infiltration (8.5%). BMA diagnosed acute leukemia in 17.1%, myelodysplastic syndrome in 11.4%, megaloblastic anemia in 28.6%, aplastic anemia in 5.7%, reactive marrow in 20%, and was inconclusive in 17.1%. BMB detected acute leukemia in 20%, myelofibrosis in 11.4%, aplastic anemia in 8.6%, metastatic infiltration in 8.6%, megaloblastic anemia in 22.9%, reactive marrow in 17.1%, and was inadequate in 11.4%. Concordance between BMA and BMB was observed in 62.9% of cases, with biopsy providing diagnosis when aspiration was inconclusive in 17.1% of patients. Conclusion: Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are diagnostic procedures. Aspiration provides detailed cytological evaluation, particularly useful in leukemias, whereas biopsy offers critical architectural information and is essential for few cases. Combined use of both techniques ensures a comprehensive assessment of hematological disorders, improving diagnostic accuracy and patient management.

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bone marrow, aspiration

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This research paper examines the role of coping practices and support systems in strengthening administrative decision-making effectiveness among first-generation entrepreneurs. First-generation entrepreneurs usually start and manage their ventures without inherited business experience, established family business networks, or prior exposure to formal administrative procedures. As a result, they often face difficulties in handling regulatory compliance, financial administration, documentation, operational decisions, institutional communication, and other routine administrative responsibilities. In this context, the study focuses on how coping practices such as use of administrative software, delegation of tasks, structured planning, consultation with experts or mentors, and fixed work scheduling help entrepreneurs manage administrative pressure more effectively. The study also examines the contribution of support systems such as government schemes, peer networks, mentoring, family support, digital platforms, professional advisors, entrepreneur associations, training programmes, and access to government offices in improving the quality of administrative decision-making. The findings indicate that coping practices are meaningfully associated with better administrative decision-making effectiveness, while support systems act as important predictors of confidence, timeliness, and quality in administrative decisions. The paper contributes to entrepreneurship research by shifting attention from merely identifying administrative challenges to understanding how first-generation entrepreneurs manage such challenges through practical coping mechanisms and external support structures. The study highlights that administrative effectiveness among first-generation entrepreneurs depends not only on individual capability but also on disciplined work practices and an enabling entrepreneurial support ecosystem.

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First-generation Entrepreneurs, Coping Practices, Support Systems, Administrative Decision-Making, Entrepreneurship Development

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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiculopathy or nerve root pain arise from disc herniation, spinal stenosis. This study focuses on disability, pain and range of motion of spine The study evaluates "The effectiveness of McKenzie technique versus neural mobilisatiom on reducing symptoms and disability of cervical radiculopathy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of McKenzie exercise versus neural mobilisation for the patients with cervical radiculopathy. METHODOLOGY: This study included 30patients, they were divided into Group A and Group B. Group A given McKenzie technique and Group B given neural mobilization. Pain was assessed using Visual analogue scale (VAS), and Range of motion by goniometer. RESULT: The results between pre-treatment and post-treatment scores of pain are considered. The mean and standard deviation are taken for both the Group A and Group B. The Group B showed better improvement in mean &standard deviation using Visual Analogue Scale, Oswestry disability index scores and Range of motion value than the Group A. CONCLUSION: Both groups showed better improvement in reducing pain and functional disability. This study proved that Group B showed better improvement in reducing pain and reducing functional disability when compared to Group A

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KEYWORDS: Radiculopathy, McKenzie technique, Neural mobilisation, Visual analogue scale

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Abstract India and Nepal share one of the most unique bilateral relationships in South Asia, characterized by deep historical, cultural, religious, economic, and strategic connections. Since the establishment of modern diplomatic relations, both countries have maintained close interaction through the open border system, people-to-people contact, trade cooperation, and security coordination. However, the nature of India-Nepal relations has undergone significant transformation from 1980 to 2026 due to changing domestic politics, regional geopolitical shifts, globalization, and the increasing influence of external powers, particularly China, in South Asia. The contemporary geopolitical environment has created both opportunities and challenges for the bilateral partnership, making the study of India-Nepal relations highly relevant in present times. The present research paper examines the evolution of India-Nepal relations from 1980 to 2026 with special emphasis on political, economic, strategic, and regional dimensions. The study analyzes major developments such as Nepal's democratic transition, constitutional changes, border disputes, trade and transit relations, hydropower cooperation, and regional connectivity initiatives. It also evaluates the strategic implications of China's growing economic and infrastructural engagement in Nepal under initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which has significantly influenced the regional balance of power and India's foreign policy approach toward Nepal. The research further highlights important bilateral issues including the Kalapani and Lipulekh border disputes, economic blockades, cross-border migration, water resource management, and security cooperation. The study explores how political instability and changing governments in Nepal have affected diplomatic trust and bilateral coordination with India. Simultaneously, the paper discusses the role of regional organizations such as SAARC and BIMSTEC in strengthening regional integration and promoting cooperation between the two neighboring countries. The study is analytical and descriptive in nature and is based mainly on secondary data collected from books, research journals, government reports, policy documents, newspapers, and official publications of India and Nepal. Historical and comparative methods have been used to understand the changing dynamics of bilateral relations over time. The findings of the study reveal that despite periodic tensions and geopolitical challenges, India and Nepal continue to share strong civilizational ties and mutual strategic interests. Economic connectivity, infrastructural development, energy cooperation, and cultural diplomacy remain key pillars of bilateral engagement. However, unresolved border disputes, political mistrust, and external geopolitical competition continue to create challenges in maintaining stable relations. The study concludes that sustainable diplomatic dialogue, mutual respect for sovereignty, balanced regional cooperation, and enhanced economic partnership are essential for strengthening India-Nepal relations in the changing geopolitical landscape of South Asia.

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India-Nepal Relations, South Asian Geopolitics, Bilateral Relations, Regional Cooperation, Border Diplomacy, Strategic Partnership, Connectivity, China Factor, SAARC, BIMSTEC, Trade and Transit, Hydropower Cooperation, Security Cooperation, Foreign Policy, Geopolitical Challenges, South Asia, Economic Diplomacy, Open Border System, Cultural Relations, Regional Stability

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In today's rapidly evolving digital landscape, the frequency and sophistication of cyber-attacks have grown significantly, posing serious threats to individuals, organizations, and critical infrastructures.

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 Keywords

Cyber security, Cyber attacks ,Threat Detection , Threat Prevention , Information Security

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition