Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains one of the most clinically significant opportunistic viral pathogens affecting immunocompromised populations, particularly hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Despite advances in antiviral pharmacotherapy, CMV infection continues to impose substantial morbidity and mortality due to limitations associated with conventional treatments, including toxicity, resistance, and pharmacokinetic challenges

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Maribavir, CMV, Pharmacology of Maribavir, Clinical Efficacy of Maribavir.

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Planctomycetes are a group of Gram-negative bacteria that have several peculiar features: they have compartmentalised cytoplasm, they divide without using FtsZ and they produce structurally diverse secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity. Although they are widely distributed in the environment and are increasingly finding their way into the list of biosynthetic gene clusters, very little research has been conducted systematically for their conserved enzymatic targets as potential targets for antibacterial intervention. To assess binding interactions of eight clinically relevant antibiotics with a homology-modelled UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase target from the well characterised model planctomycete Rhodopirellula baltica, the present study uses an in silico molecular docking approach. The target enzyme 3D structure has been modeled using SWISS-MODEL and checked by the Ramachandran analysis. Antibiotic ligands, including rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, ampicillin and vancomycin, were retrieved from the PubChem database, energy-minimised, and docked into the predicted active site using AutoDock Vina. The contacts of active site residues and hydrogen bonding interactions were systematically analysed and binding affinities were calculated. The most bound ligand was rifampicin with six hydrogen-bond interactions with Ser142, Lys87, Asp231, Arg155, Gln45 and Tyr89 with -10.4 kcal/mol binding affinity, while erythromycin and ciprofloxacin had binding affinities of -9.6 and -9.2 kcal/mol, respectively. The affinity of aminoglycosides and beta-lactams was comparatively weak, which is also consistent with the previously reported resistance profiles of marine Planctomycetes. The study offers a structural explanation for the sensitivity of Planctomycetes to different classes of antibiotics and shows that the MurA-like enzyme is a potential in silico target for narrow-spectrum antibiotics discovery targeted against this phylum.

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Planctomycetes; Rhodopirellula baltica; molecular docking; AutoDock Vina; antibiotics; MurA; in silico drug design; binding affinity.

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Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (UOWC) is an emerging technology that enables high-speed data transmission in underwater environments using light waves, typically in the blue-green spectrum. Unlike traditional acoustic communication, UOWC offers significantly higher bandwidth, lower latency, and improved data rates, making it suitable for applications such as underwater sensor networks, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), environmental monitoring, and military operations. However, the performance of UOWC systems is affected by challenges such as absorption, scattering, turbulence, and alignment issues in water.

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light waves, blue-green spectrum, acoustic communication, higher bandwidth, lower latency, improved data rates, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), absorption, scattering, turbulence, alignment issues.

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Nipah Virus Infection (NVI) is a highly fatal zoonosis caused by a henipavirus, and is prevalent with periodic outbreaks in South and Southeast Asia. Outbreaks are closely associated with zoonotic spillover from fruit bats (Pteropus spp.) to humans, and are commonly linked with environmental change and human-animal interactions (WHO, 2023). In this regard, spatiotemporal genomic monitoring has become a vital method to monitor the viral evolution, detect clusters of transmission and predict the likelihood of outbreaks (Rahman et al., 2021). This research employs the One Health Approach to comprehensively explore human-animalenvironmental interfaces in the genesis of Nipah virus. The study will focus on the analysis of genetic evolution, spatiotemporal spread and multi-disciplinary risk factors. The research approach involves a phylogenetic analysis of the viral genome, Geographic Information System (GIS) for spatial mapping and epidemiological modeling to detect hotspots and transmission networks (Lo Presti et al., 2016). Major insights will provide understanding of mutation, spatiotemporal clustering and environmental risk factors of outbreaks (to be included post-analysis). It argues for integrated surveillance and inter-sectoral management for detection and prevention of outbreaks. These findings will enhance public health readiness, improve response efforts and guide policy responses to emerging zoonotic diseases in at-risk populations (to be incorporated after analysis).

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Nipah virus; zoonotic diseases; genomic epidemiology; One Health; spillover events; transmission dynamics; South Asia; Southeast Asia

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The aim of paper to focus on how does market works from production to distribution system of agriculture products. Agriculture is the composition of two Latin words - "Ager" means land and "Cultura" means cultivation. It means cultivation of land is called agriculture. The products, which are produced by cultivation, are spread it in the market and deliver the goods to the consumer is called agriculture marketing. Agricultural marketing primarily focuses on buying and selling of agricultural products. There are three types of agriculture marketing:- 1. Traditional Marketing 2. Cooperative Marketing 3. New Emerging market

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Agriculture, Marketing, Methods, Cooperative

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In Wound healing of Dagdhvrana to prevent further infection and to avoid possible complications classical Ayurvedic literature has already stated many drug combinations and various treatment modalities like Lepa, Seka etc. Silver Sulphadiazine commonly used medicine for LA in Agnidagdh vrana which has got only antimicrobial action, although reducing the risk of infection recent studies have highlighted the adverse effect of silver sulfadiazine slowing reepithelization, increasing rate of scar formation and development of systemic side effects. Along with that it doesn't participate directly in wound healing. So there is need to explore the alternative drugs for local application, which may prevent further complications , which has antimicrobial action ,helps in healing of burn with less pigmentation ,so all these expectations are fulfilled by Triphala mashi lepa. Triphala mashi lepa is traditional Ayurvedic preparation in Agnidagdh vrana which has nutrient content like Ascorbic acid etc. that will ppromotewound healing along with that it will inhibits bacterial growth. Furthermore, specific advantages that Triphala possesses effectiveness against yeast, antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria, So A single case study where in Agnidagdh vrana patient application of Triphala mashi lepa for 14 days daily, concluding singnificant ropan activity of Agnidagdh vrana without any adverse effects.

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Triphala Mashi , Agnidagdh vrana, Burn wound, Lepa, Wound healing, Silver Sulphadiazine

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The present study explores the relationship between achievement motivation and academic achievement among high school students in Sangrur district of Punjab. A sample of 200 Class 9 students from government and private schools was selected using a random sampling technique. The study employed the Achievement Motivation Scale by Deo (2011) and academic scores from the previous year's examination. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, t-tests, and Pearson's correlation, were used to interpret the data. The findings revealed a significant difference in achievement motivation between government and private school students, no significant difference between rural and urban students, and a significant positive correlation between achievement motivation and academic achievement. The study has critical implications for educators and policymakers focused on improving student outcomes through motivational strategies.

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Academic achievement, Achievement motivation, High school students, Achievement motivation scale by Pratibha Deo. Punjab.Rural and Urban, Government and Private.

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Purpose: The expansion of the gig economy has transformed conventional employment relationships by introducing flexible, technology-enabled, and task-based work arrangements. In India, platform-mediated labour has expanded rapidly across transport, delivery, freelancing, and service sectors. While this model has generated new livelihood opportunities, it has also created concerns relating to worker welfare and workforce management. The purpose of this study is to examine the opportunities available within the gig economy and analyse the human resource challenges associated with managing gig workers in India. Methodology: The study adopts a descriptive research design and relies on both primary and secondary sources of data. Primary responses were collected from selected gig workers. Secondary evidence was drawn from academic literature, labour reports, policy papers, and industry publications. The data were interpreted through thematic analysis, comparative review, and percentage analysis. Findings: The study found that gig work offers flexibility, immediate earning opportunities, labour market access, and supplementary income options. However, the sector is also marked by income volatility, weak legal protection, limited social security, stress arising from rating systems, and high worker turnover. Human resource systems in many platform firms remain underdeveloped in the areas of engagement, communication, training, and grievance handling. Limitations: The study is based on a limited sample and selected occupational groups. Working conditions may vary across regions and sectors. Implications: The study provides direction for HR professionals, platform companies, labour regulators, and scholars seeking to create fair and sustainable gig work systems. Originality: The paper approaches the gig economy through an integrated labour and HR perspective, offering a balanced understanding of growth opportunities and management challenges in India.

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 Keywords

Gig Economy, Human Resource Management, Platform Labour, Flexible Work, India, Workforce Policy

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This is an exploratory as well as qualitative study to study the multiple effects of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in the graphic design and advertising industries in Tamil Nadu, India. This research investigates the impact of products like Midjourney and Adobe Firefly, and Canva AI in the context of rising digital democratisation on professional workflows, economic models and representation of culture. Thematic study of secondary data from industry blogs, professional forums, webinars and freelancer portfolios highlighted key trends (2023-2025). The results are twofold: GenAI can save small firms and non-designers a great deal of time and money (between 50 and 70 per cent), but it also wreaks havoc on entry-level jobs and freelance work. The key issue is that the internationally trained AI models tend to produce inauthentic or stereotypical representations of Tamil visual culture (kolam, Tamil font and festival visuals), which can be a danger to vernacular identity. The study shows that sustainable integration must be accompanied by a triptych of strategic upgrading, socially responsive AI model development and ethical frameworks to boost human-AI collaboration, so that the region's creative economy may progress without surrendering its cultural individuality. Keywords: Generative AI, graphic design, Tamil Nadu, cultural representation, creative sectors, labour market, human-AI collaboration

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Generative AI, graphic design, Chennai, cultural representation, creative industries, human-AI collaboration, labor market,

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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a widely utilized analytical technique in pharmaceutical, environmental, and biochemical analysis due to its high precision, sensitivity, and versatility. The efficiency of HPLC largely depends on the proper selection and preparation of chromatographic columns, which play a critical role in achieving accurate separation and quantification of compounds. This review focuses on the various types of HPLC columns, including normal-phase, reversed-phase, ion-exchange, and size-exclusion columns, along with their preparation procedures such as column packing, conditioning, and equilibration.

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PREPARING COLUMNS FOR HPLC AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN DIFFERENT COMPOUND ANALYSIS.

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