Volume 9 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

The literature review was conducted with the aim to review the knowledge among antenatal women regarding minor ailments in pregnancy. Minor ailments during pregnancy do not endanger the life of a woman but if left unattended can lead to serious complications. Studies on minor acute illness during pregnancy suggest that despite being non life threatening, the high prevalence of these conditions have a major effect on productivity and may have profound impact on the lives of pregnant women and their families. According to WHO 5,85,000 women die each year from pregnancy related causes, 99%of whom are from developing countries. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy affects approximately 75% pregnancies. Constipation and heartburn are commonly gastrointestinal complaints during pregnancy. Constipation occurs in 11-38% of pregnant women[Vazquez 2008]. The findings of various studies revealed that majority of the pregnant women had average or inadequate knowledge regarding minor disorders of pregnancy and their management and most of them even require hospitalization to get the condition treated. Hence, awareness programme on management of minor ailments in pregnancy is a pre-requisite of ante-natal care. Also the surveillance of minor ailments during pregnancy is virtually nonexistent in developing countries. The lack of reliable data impedes proper assessment of the disease burden and is a barrier to effective planning of control and preventive activities. Thus, it is also concluded that studies related to management of minor ailments of pregnancy should be conducted on a wider scale so that these minor disorders could not be troublesome on a day-to-day basis. Nevertheless, these minor ailments should be considerably improved by offering a proper explanation and with simple treatments.

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A Review Article related to knowledge among antenatal women regarding minor ailments in pregnancy.

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Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of tamsulosin and analgesic combination compared to analgesics only for renal stone patients following an ESWL therapy. Method: The independent variables in this study were the administration of tamsulosin and analgesic combination; and analgesic only consisting of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), corticosteroids, or opioids. Stone-free rate (SFR) and renal colic incidence. A systematic search was performed in the PUBMED and Science-Direct databases for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCT)s. The risk of bias of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) tool 2. Result: Five studies with 821 patients were included based on the primary and secondary screening. In general, these five studies had low risks of bias, except for one study due to a deviation from the initial intervention. SFR analysis of the five RCTs was performed using a fixed-effects model due to the homogeneity of the studies (I2=13%). The combination group had a higher SFR compared to the analgesic only group (OR = 2,34 95% CI 1,67-3,28, p<0,00001). Combination group had a lower renal colic incidence compared to the analgesic only group (OR = 0,20 95% CI 0,11-0,37, p < 0,00001). The analysis was performed using a random-effects model due to the heterogeneity between studies (I2=62%). Conclusion: Tamsulosin and analgesics combination can be recommended for renal stone patients following ESWL as it has a higher SFR, and lower renal colic occurrence compared to analgesic only.

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tamsulosin, analgesics, ESWL, renal stone, kidney stone

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Prevention for infectious diseases is a major challenge in medicine world which focuses on diagnosis and management. While general internists and other medical practitioners handle the most contagious diseases, internists who practice medicine for infectious diseases are also called upon to help diagnose suspected infections and to help control complicated, rare, or complex infections. Infectious disease medicine requires thorough awareness of the incidence and clinical appearance of infectious, virus, fungal and parasitic infections in people, as well as knowledge of antimicrobial agents, antibiotic tolerance, vaccination, and other causes. Immunomodulatory Physicians are better qualified to cope with environmental, occupational and host conditions predisposing to infection, as well as fundamental concepts of epidemiology and dissemination, owing to their experience. For infectious disease practice, there are several distinct models. Any infectious disease doctors operate in a specialist clinic for infectious diseases or may separate their practice in infectious diseases through the practice of general internal medicine. Most doctors of infectious diseases serve as consultants to other doctors, see patients at their office or hospital in consultation, and can even longitudinally accompany patients with specific illnesses for continuing treatment. Many internists who practice infectious diseases operate in environments devoted to caring for diverse classes of patients who need specialized expertise and skills (such as wound care or HIV clinics). Most doctors operate as an infectious disease practice as a hospital, community epidemiologist, or professional in infection control. In academia, infectious disease doctors will offer ongoing outpatient and hospital consultation programmers, perform fundamental infectious disease scientific and clinical study, and teach medical students and tenants.

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infectious diseases, ML-Algorithm, Probabilistic Fuzzy Logic, MATLAB, Python

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sustained release matrix tablets facilitate prolonged and continuous drug release and improve the bioavailability of drugs while avoiding unwanted side effects. The goal in designing sustained or controlled delivery systems is to reduce frequency of dosing or to increase the effectiveness of the drug by localization at the site of action, reducing the dose required, providing uniform drug delivery. Sustained release drug administration means not only prolongation of duration of drug delivery, but the term also implies the predictability and reproducibility of drug release kinetics. The controlled release of drug substances and their effective transport to sites of action can be exploited to maximize the beneficial clinical response and to minimize the incidence of unbeneficial adverse reactions and side effects. Oral ingestion has long been the most convenient and commonly employed route of drug delivery. Indeed, for sustained release systems, oral route of administration has received most of the attention with respect to research on physiological and drug constraints as well as design and testing of products.

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Sustained release, matrix tablets, bioavailability, side effects

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Recently, extended release pharmaceutical products became a very useful tool in medical practice, offering a wide range of actual and perceived advantages to the patients. Oral drug delivery is the most preferred route for the various drug molecules among all other routes of drug delivery, because ease of administration which lead to better patient compliance. So, oral extended release drug delivery system becomes a very promising approach for those drugs that are given orally but having the shorter half-life and high dosing frequency. Extended release is also providing promising way to decrease the side effect of drug by preventing the fluctuation of the therapeutic concentration of the drug in the body. Oral extended release drug delivery medication will continue to account for the largest share of drug delivery systems. The extended release product will optimize therapeutic effect and safety of a drug at the same time improving the patient convenience and compliance. Recent trends indicate that multiparticulate drug delivery systems are especially suitable for achieving extended release oral formulations with low risk of dose dumping, flexibility of blending to attain different release patterns as well as reproducible and short gastric residence time. The release of drug from pellets depends on a variety of factors including the carrier used to form pellets and the amount of drug contained in them. Consequently, pellets provide tremendous opportunities for designing new controlled and extended release oral formulations, thus extending the frontier of future pharmaceutical development.

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Extended Release, Oral route, Therapeutic concentration, Pellet, Dosage form

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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stressor, stress level, coping, nursing students, nursing college

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract- This study designed to explore the prevalence of role conflict among the nurses who is working in multispecialty medical college hospitals of Dakshina Kannada district in Karnataka state. There is necessitate to emphasize the difficulty of nurses who occupy yourself in providing better healthcare to the society. 500 respondents selected through simple random technique and the result showed that the majority of nurses had moderate level of role conflict (72.2%). A incorporated logical structure of specific strategies are required to decrease their job stress and role conflict.

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Nursing professionals, Role conflict

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Homomorphic encryption (HE) is an encryption technique where operations are performed on ciphertext. This encryption method can be used in varieties of applications by using public key algorithms. For transferring data from one place to another, there are various encryption algorithms for storage of data and securing the operations, but they do not preserve privacy. HE is useful in various applications in which HE performs the different operations on encrypted data and provides results after calculations performed directly on the plaintext. Nowadays, security of information and calculations to deal with the data of big business has expanded massively. In any case, a basic issue emerges when there is a necessity of registering on such encrypted information where protection is built up. This paper represents homomorphic cryptosystems for preserving security, properties, and categories of homomorphic encryption. In addition to this, privacy-preserving applications of homomorphic cryptosystems in the field of cloud computing, private information retrieval, and data aggregation in wireless sensor network are also presented.

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Cryptography

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The objective of this study is to identify employee and employer relationship in the organization. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors responsible for negative relationship between employer-employee. This is the primary research and data collected through structured questionnaire from the respondent who are employees of the organization. The main theoretical framework of this study focus on finding the factor that responsible for negative relationship between employer and employee.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Employee and employer relationship

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition