Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Urban water supply systems are vital infrastructures that ensure equitable and continuous access to potable water across diverse consumer categories. However, with increasing urbanization, population pressure, aging pipeline networks, and operational inefficiencies, metropolitan cities like Mumbai are facing significant challenges in managing water distribution effectively. These challenges often manifest as pressure inconsistencies, leakages, unaccounted-for water losses, and an overall decline in service reliability. To address these issues, advanced hydraulic modeling tools such as WaterGEMS and EPANET have emerged as powerful simulation platforms for the assessment, optimization, and redesign of complex water supply networks. These tools allow for real-time analysis of flow, pressure, and demand variations across a distribution system, enabling engineers to identify leakage-prone areas, optimize pump operations, and ensure balanced pressure management. The integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems further enhances the accuracy of hydraulic models by incorporating spatial and operational data. This review critically examines the role of hydraulic modeling in diagnosing the inefficiencies of existing water supply systems with a particular focus on a case study in Mumbai. The expected outcomes of such modeling efforts include up to 30% improvement in pressure regulation, 60% reduction in losses through infrastructure modernization, and enhanced operational efficiency through SCADA-based control systems. This paper consolidates insights from literature, government standards, and case studies to highlight the transformative potential of data-driven water management strategies for sustainable urban development

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Hydraulic Modeling, WaterGEMS, EPANET, Pressure Management, Urban Water Supply, Mumbai

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract This research paper presents an integrative analysis of Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory and the ancient Indian concept of the Seven Chakras. Both systems provide layered frameworks for understanding human motivation and self-realization. While Maslow's theory focuses on psychological and self-actualization needs, the chakra system outlines a holistic energy-based path encompassing physical, emotional, and spiritual dimensions. This paper identifies parallels and contrasts between the two models and explores their potential synergy in fostering balanced, conscious, and purpose-driven living. This comparative inquiry contributes to the dialogue between psychology and spirituality, and proposes an inclusive model for human development.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Seven Chakras, Self-actualization, Holistic Development, Human Motivation, Comparative Psychology

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint, progressively restricting range of motion and affecting daily activities. It predominantly affects individuals aged 40-60 years and is more common in females. Exercise therapy is a cornerstone of conservative management and is aimed at restoring mobility and reducing pain. This article provides a concise review of the role of exercises in the management of frozen shoulder, highlighting the phases of the condition, types of therapeutic exercises, and the evidence supporting their use.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Frozen shoulder, adhesive capsulitis, exercise therapy, physiotherapy, shoulder rehabilitation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The intersection of gender equality and environmental sustainability represents a pivotal domain for promoting social justice and inclusive development. The evolving concept of the "Right to Green", which recognizes the right to a healthy and sustainable environment, is a fundamental principle within human rights law and environmental governance. This article delves into the intricate relationship between the Right to Green, women's rights, and sustainable development. By integrating insights from international law, feminist theories, and sustainability paradigms, it underscores the interconnectedness of environmental justice and gender equality. Women, particularly those in rural and marginalized settings, bear the brunt of environmental challenges while playing critical, yet often overlooked, roles in ecological preservation. The study reflects a comprehensive framework that emphasizes women's contributions to fostering ecological balance and advancing global sustainability goals. This framework aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), notably SDG 5 (Gender Equality) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Despite these efforts, the persistence of patriarchal structures, systemic inequalities, and climate-related vulnerabilities continues to impede women's inclusion in environmental governance. The article advocates for transformative policy approaches that prioritize gender equity as an essential component of sustainability strategies. By reframing women's rights as integral to achieving environmental sustainability, this work contributes to the evolving discourse on gender-responsive environmental governance. Realizing the Right to Green through a gender-sensitive lens is not merely a moral obligation but a strategic imperative for fostering a fair, resilient, and sustainable global future.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Right to Green, Women Right, Environmental Governance, Sustainable Development, Ecofeminism, Gender Equality.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This project presents a gesture-controlled smart presentation system designed to enhance user interaction during slide-based presentations. By integrating computer vision and hand-tracking technologies using OpenCV, CVZone, and Mediapipe, the system enables users to navigate PowerPoint slides, annotate, zoom, undo, and highlight content via natural hand gestures. PowerPoint (.pptx) files are automatically converted into PDF and then to PNG images using LibreOffice and pdf2image, allowing seamless slide integration. A semi-transparent webcam overlay enhances presenter visibility, while gesture mapping allows real-time control--such as using specific finger patterns to switch slides, zoom, or activate a laser pointer. The system is built in Python and features a clean interface with minimal dependencies, optimized for real-time performance on standard webcams. This hands-free, intuitive approach to presentations is especially useful for educators, professionals, and remote presenters, providing an interactive and immersive experience without the need for clickers or manual input.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Machine learning, hand gesture recognition, hand landmark model, OpenCV, Meadiapipe

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Calisthenics, a form of bodyweight training rooted in ancient traditions, has witnessed a global resurgence due to its accessibility, versatility, and effectiveness in promoting functional fitness. This review explores the historical evolution of calisthenics, its core principles, and its physiological and psychological benefits. It compares calisthenics with traditional resistance training, highlights its unique emphasis on skill development, and evaluates the scientific literature supporting its effectiveness for strength, hypertrophy, cardiovascular fitness, and mental well-being. Common movements, progression strategies, and injury prevention measures are outlined alongside insights into popular training programs and nutritional considerations. The influence of social media in fostering a global calisthenics community is also discussed. While calisthenics presents certain limitations, especially in lower-body hypertrophy and structured progression, it remains a sustainable and empowering training modality for diverse populations. This review underscores calisthenics as a holistic, evolving discipline with growing relevance in fitness, rehabilitation, and preventive healthcare.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Calisthenics, Bodyweight Training, Functional Fitness, Muscle Hypertrophy, Strength Training, Mobility, Flexibility, Skill Development, Street Workout, Physical Conditioning.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Domestic Violence, Psychological Distress, Mental Health, Composite Abuse Scale-Revised (CASR-SF), Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE-OM), Trauma, Resilience, Social Support

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Maintaining a healthy codebase over time is an ongoing hurdle for software teams. This study examines how different restructuring strategies perform when applied at key milestones--early development, major releases, and maintenance periods. We compare three approaches (manual refactoring, rule-based transformations, and AI-assisted restructuring) using four popular tools (RefactorX, Rearchitect, CodeRenew, SmartRefactor) under static, dynamic, and combined (hybrid) analysis. Across eight real-world projects and 2,592 experimental runs, we measured changes in code complexity, coupling, and code-smell counts, along with tool runtime and developer feedback. Our findings reveal that AI-powered methods deliver the largest complexity reductions (?25 %) with modest time investment, whereas rule-based tools strike a favorable balance between speed and effectiveness. Downtime around major releases offers the strongest opportunity for broad improvements, and hybrid analysis emerges as the most efficient way to catch both static and runtime issues. We close with clear, context-sensitive recommendations to aid teams in choosing the right restructuring strategy.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Software Restructuring; Refactoring; Lifecycle Stages; Technical Debt; Analysis Mechanisms.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Sentiment analysis, especially within the realm of English-language movie reviews, has seen substantial progress thanks to the availability of diverse and expressive data. This research presents a novel Stacked Ensemble-Based Architecture (SEBA) for binary sentiment classification of movie reviews. We curated and annotated a dataset of 5,000 English movie reviews, supplemented with widely-used public datasets from platforms like Kaggle, Hugging Face, IMDB. Our methodology employs sophisticated text preprocessing techniques and represents data using Term Frequency-Inverse Sentence Frequency (TF-ISF) with word-level N-grams. The research establishes Logistic Regression as a baseline model before integrating more advanced algorithms including BERT and LSTM within our ensemble framework. To optimize classification performance, we applied extensive hyperparameter tuning and ensemble learning strategies. Additionally, we implemented a filter to mask explicit language, ensuring that such content doesn't unfairly skew sentiment judgment. Experimental results demonstrate that SEBA achieved 80.8% across accuracy, precision, and recall metrics, with an F1-score of 80.7%, significantly outperforming individual classifiers. These findings indicate SEBA's considerable potential for deployment in real-world binary sentiment analysis applications, particularly for entertainment content evaluation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sentiment Analysis, Binary Classification

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition