Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Herbal formulations have gained considerable importance in recent years due to their improved safety profile, patient compliance, and therapeutic effectiveness. Acacia nilotica, commonly known as Babul, is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine systems because of its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound healing, and skin protective activities. The present study was aimed at the formulation and evaluation of herbal cream containing extract of Acacia nilotica. The herbal cream was prepared using suitable excipients such as stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, glycerin, triethanolamine, liquid paraffin, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, and purified water. Different formulations were developed by varying concentrations of Acacia nilotica extract and evaluated for various physicochemical parameters including appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, washability, homogeneity, irritancy, stability, and antimicrobial activity. The prepared formulations showed acceptable organoleptic properties, good consistency, suitable pH compatible with skin, satisfactory spreadability, and stability during storage conditions. The herbal cream demonstrated promising antimicrobial and skin protective properties due to the presence of bioactive phytoconstituents such as tannins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids present in Acacia nilotica. The study concluded that Acacia nilotica can be effectively incorporated into topical cream formulations and may serve as a safe and effective herbal preparation for skin care and management of minor skin infections.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Acacia nilotica, Herbal cream, Antimicrobial activity, Skin care, Topical formulations evaluation study

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Pediatric drug delivery systems require special consideration due to physiological, psychological, and developmental differences compared to adults. Conventional dosage forms such as tablets and capsules are often unsuitable for children due to swallowing difficulties, risk of choking, and poor acceptability. Liquid formulations, although commonly used, suffer from issues such as dosing inaccuracies, stability concerns, and unpleasant taste. The present research work focuses on the design and evaluation of a chewable oral jelly formulation containing Paracetamol, a widely used analgesic and antipyretic agent in pediatric therapy. The objective was to develop a palatable, stable, and effective dosage form that enhances patient compliance and ensures accurate dosing. The formulation was developed using hydrophilic polymers such as pectin, gelatin, and sodium alginate, along with sweeteners, flavoring agents, and preservatives. Various formulations were prepared by altering polymer concentrations and evaluated for physicochemical parameters including pH, viscosity, drug content uniformity, syneresis, texture, and in vitro drug release profile. The optimized formulation demonstrated desirable characteristics such as acceptable taste, uniform drug distribution, minimal syneresis, and rapid drug release. Stability studies conducted as per ICH guidelines confirmed the formulation's stability. The study concludes that chewable oral jelly is a promising and patient-friendly alternative to conventional pediatric dosage forms.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pediatric dosage form, Oral jelly, Paracetamol, Taste masking, Drug delivery system

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The information technology sector has become a cornerstone of global development, driving transformative changes across industries, economies, and daily life. Its evolution has paved the way for innovations that have reshaped the way we communicate, work, and access information. As the sector continues to evolve, its impact is likely to grow, making it essential for stakeholders, governments, businesses, and individuals to address its challenges while harnessing its potential for positive change. The present study is conducted on Cognizant Technology Solutions (CTS) and Tata Consultancy Services (TCS). CTS and TCS are very popular among the youngsters of India. TCS was established before CTS. Both CTS and TCS are Information Technology (IT) companies. According to some people, CTS has higher rates for culture than TCS. Nowadays, there is a frequent loss of jobs among the people working in Multinational Companies (MNCs). So, people working in MNCs are in constant search of good job security and high-paying jobs. TCS provides higher job security and advancement than CTS. The salary earned by a fresher in TCS is comparatively less than those working in CTS. TCS encourages and empowers its employees to make positive contributions to the world whereas CTS enables its employees to learn and grow. Both companies are successful in the world of business. Both companies are operational around the world. The study will analyze the profitability and growth of these two companies. Hence, CTS and TCS have been chosen for study to evaluate their financial performances.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Financial performance, Financial ratios, SWOT Analysis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Workplace sexual harassment remains a significant barrier to achieving gender equality and ensuring safe working environments for women in India, despite the existence of a comprehensive legal framework. The enactment of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, inspired by the landmark Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan judgment, marked a crucial step toward recognizing and addressing such violations. However, the effectiveness of these legal protections in practice continues to raise important concerns. This study critically examines the extent to which existing legal mechanisms safeguard women against workplace sexual harassment. It adopts a doctrinal and analytical approach, drawing upon statutory provisions, judicial decisions, and secondary literature to evaluate both the theoretical strength and practical implementation of the law. The research also incorporates a socio-legal perspective to understand how workplace culture, power dynamics, and societal attitudes influence the reporting and redressal of such incidents. The findings reveal a persistent gap between law and practice. While the legal framework appears robust on paper, its effectiveness is undermined by widespread underreporting, lack of awareness among employees, and inefficiencies in institutional mechanisms such as Internal Complaints Committees. Additionally, socio-cultural barriers, including fear of retaliation, stigma, and patriarchal norms, continue to discourage victims from seeking justice. Challenges are further compounded in the unorganized sector, where enforcement remains particularly weak. The study concludes that addressing workplace sexual harassment requires more than legal provisions alone. Strengthening implementation, ensuring accountability, promoting awareness, and fostering a culture of zero tolerance are essential for translating legal intent into meaningful protection. The research highlights the need for systemic reforms and sustained efforts to create safer, more inclusive workplaces for women in India.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Workplace Sexual Harassment; POSH Act, 2013; Gender Equality; Women's Rights; Legal Framework in India; Internal Complaints Committee (ICC); Underreporting; Socio-legal Challenges

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition