Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Pure and Manganese(Mn) doped Covellite (CuS ) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical precipitation method.The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of hexagonal phase for both pure and Mn doped CuS nanoparticles with average crystallite sizes 3.8 nm and 5.7 nm respectively .The Energy Dispersive Spectra(EDS) Analysis confirmed the elemental composition for pure and Mn doped CuS.Surface Morphology Analysis by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) showed the formation of irregular nano flakes. The optical properties were studied by UV-visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. Thermal behavior of pure and doped covellite nanoparticles were analyzed through TGA-DSC measurements.

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 Keywords

XRD, Covellite, nanoparticles, FE-SEM, EDS.

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Iran has faced a succession of international sanctions, primarily from the United States and which have restricted the country's global access to the financial system. In conjunction with this, Iran has been using informal financial networks more than in the past, including the hawala system, to help its economy remain resilient and politically outspoken. The work at hand seeks to understand in-depth the hawala networks set up by Iran for its survival and resistance, basing its assessment on their structure and modalities of operation and the geopolitical significance thereof. By analysing literature, cases, and expert opinions, the article assesses in detail how hawala aids Iran with its regional and international transactions in avoiding financial sanctions and exerting its influence in the Middle East and beyond. It finally ends with the implication of this on global financial governance and sanction regimes.

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 Keywords

Iran, Hawala, Informal Economy, Sanctions, Economic Resilience, Geopolitics, Shadow Networks

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Pornography goes on to be a divisive subject in criminology, psychology, and even sociology, arousing questions regarding its influence over social norms, human behavior, and society's general well-being-or ill-being. While some argue the case of pornography as instigator for criminal activities specifically violent ones or coercive crimes, others consider it as alternative or outlet whereby it can reduce the chances of sexual violence. These polarized viewpoints illuminate the importance of such sociocultural factors as age, gender, and attitudes toward sexuality in understanding its effects. Furthermore, certain psychological and sociological ramifications have been brought to the front: desensitization, transformation of intimacy perception, and disintegration of normative behavior especially in adolescents. Empirical evidence measuring the degree of consumption of pornography and incidence of crime, however, gives a more complex picture; when contextual factors are taken into account, some studies find negative correlations. This dichotomy underlines the necessity of interdisciplinary approaches that integrate ideas from criminology, sociology, and psychology to untangle the complexities of human behavior. On the other hand, with accurate knowledge about how pornography relates to public safety, the right public policies and educational programs can be initiated to educate people about and mitigate adverse effects while protecting the autonomy of people.

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Pornography, Crime , Sociocultural , Psychology , Effects , Human behavior

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Gastric cancer remains one of the most aggressive malignancies globally, with limited therapeutic outcomes due to late-stage diagnosis and drug resistance. Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound derived from Curcuma longa, has demonstrated potent anticancer activity through modulation of multiple cellular pathways. However, its clinical utility is severely hindered by poor solubility, low bioavailability, and rapid systemic elimination. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) offer a promising nanocarrier system to overcome these limitations, owing to their tunable pore structure, high surface area, and biocompatibility. This study investigates the interaction of curcumin and MSN-loaded curcumin (Cur-MSNs) with key gastric cancer molecular targets--HER2, MMP9, and VEGFR2--using a comprehensive computational pipeline. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock to evaluate binding affinity and interaction profiles, followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations via GROMACS to assess the stability of protein-ligand complexes. The results revealed that Cur-MSNs exhibited enhanced binding affinity and more favorable interaction energy compared to free curcumin. MD simulation confirmed increased complex stability, reflected in reduced RMSD and RMSF values and more consistent hydrogen bonding. MM-PBSA analysis further indicated that Cur-MSNs had stronger binding free energy across all targets. ADMET predictions also suggested improved pharmacokinetic profiles for the MSN-based formulation. These findings underscore the potential of Cur-MSNs as an efficient therapeutic strategy for targeted gastric cancer therapy. Future work will focus on in vitro and in vivo validation, as well as exploring AI-integrated computational models for broader oncological applications.

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Curcumin, Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSNs), Gastric Cancer, Drug-Target Interaction, Molecular Docking, ADMET, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, In Silico Nanomedicine.

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ABSTARCT India is the major economy that is growing the fastest, but it is divided between a thriving technology industry and a faltering older economy that does not generate the enough jobs to prevent the brain drain from India. Thus under Modi 1.0 between 2014 and 2019, the primary objective was to accelerate India's GDP growth, increase employment, eradicate poverty, and create wealth. By achieving these goals, Modi envisioned to drive India's global influence. The crown jewel of Modi's first term was the illustrious 'Make in India 'program formulated to renovate India into a global project and manufacturing core through investment in infrastructure and investment promotion. Under Modi 2.0 from 2019-2024, the manufacturing sector was once again established as the centre of BJP's election manifesto through the 'Self-Reliant India' initiative. It targets to cut down import dependencies in addition to gain a global market share in exports by increasing domestic manufacturing of essential goods. The article will also deal with the various countries that trade with India through different connectivity like IMEC AND INSTC, Therefore, this article will highlight on the various different timeline over the years to highlight and analyse the transformation.

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India, Self-Reliant India initiative, IMEC, INSTC,

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Microfinance emerges as a pivotal tool for promoting financial inclusion, offering financial services like credit access, savings, and insurance to marginalized communities. This research assesses the impact of microfinance on the financial inclusion and economic empowerment of Koraga women in the Dakshina Kannada district. The scope of the study is confined to Koraga women residing in Dakshina Kannada district. The sample size is 100 female respondents, selected using a simple random selection method. Primary data were collected through a well-structured, closed-ended questionnaire. The one-sample t-test was used to analyze the data and determine the significant impact of microfinance services on financial inclusion and economic empowerment. The findings proved that microfinance encourages Koraga women to save money, to access financial services, and to provide self-employment opportunities.

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Microfinance, Financial Inclusion, Koraga Women, Financial Services

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Early detection of diseases in rice plants is essential for improving crop yield and food security. Traditional methods of disease detection rely on manual observation, which is time-consuming and prone to errors. This research proposes a deep learning-based model for rice leaf disease detection using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The model classifies leaf images into different disease categories, aiding farmers in taking preventive measures at an early stage. The experimental results demonstrate high accuracy in disease identification, validating the effectiveness of the proposed approach

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Rice leaf disease, Deep Learning, CNN, Image Classification, Agriculture Technology

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This project explores the use of Zigbee technology to enhance Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication, focusing on improving road safety and preventing accidents. The system facilitates the exchange of critical data between vehicles, including speed, distance, and GPS coordinates. When a vehicle detects a reduction in the safe following distance, it automatically alerts the driver of the trailing vehicle, aiding in collision avoidance. The system also incorporates accident detection capabilities, providing real-time notifications to nearby vehicles about potential hazards. Zigbee's low power consumption and reliable short-range communication make it a suitable solution for V2V networks. By integrating GPS and sensors, the system enables precise location tracking, timely warnings, and accident alerts, contributing to safer and more efficient traffic management

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V2V Communication, Zigbee, Road Safety, Accident Prevention, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

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This study compares the financial performance of Hero MotoCorp, Bajaj Auto, and TVS Motors in terms of liquidity, profitability, efficiency, and solvency. Hero MotoCorp excels in liquidity and profitability, maintaining strong financial stability. Bajaj Auto shows remarkable efficiency in asset utilization and capital turnover but demonstrates increasing reliance on debt. TVS Motors struggles with liquidity and debt dependency, yet displays gradual improvement in profitability and operational efficiency. The analysis provides valuable insights for investors, highlighting Hero MotoCorp as stable, Bajaj Auto as growth, focused with debt risks, and TVS Motors requiring strategic improvements for sustainable growth within the period of five years (2019-2024)

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 Keywords

Liquidity, Efficiency, Solvency, Profitability, Valuation, Two-wheeler industry, Financial analysis tools, Market dynamics

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