Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Secondary metabolites not only perform important roles in plant defense against herbivory and other interspecies defense but also utilized by mankind as medicines, flavorings, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, fragrances, colors, biopesticides, food additives and drugs. Most of the drugs sold today are mere synthetic alterations of the naturally derived substances. The increasing commercial status of secondary metabolites in the past decade has meant much interest in secondary metabolism. Various strategies have been researched widely with the aim of enhancing the yield of secondary metabolites in plants. From this spotlight, the intention of the current review is to investigate the use of plant growth regulators towards the yield of certain critical plant secondary metabolites. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are applied to induce production of secondary metabolites in plants by playing the role of "elicitors," more or less eliciting a stress reaction in the plant, and so inducing biosynthesis of the special compounds that often act as protective mechanisms against stressors from the environment; this is made possible through alteration of the plant's hormonal status, specifically under controlled conditions such as tissue culture, in order to maximize production of sought-after secondary metabolites of interest due to potential pharmacological or economic value.

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 Keywords

Secondary Metabolite Auxins, Cytokinins, Salicyclic Acid, Ethylene.

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This research investigates the influence of athlete endorsements on brand equity and financial performance within India's athletic retail market. Based on survey responses from a demographically diverse population, the study finds that cultural relatability, credibility, and long-term engagement play crucial roles in shaping consumer loyalty and purchasing behavior.

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 Keywords

Athlete Endorsements, Indian Retail Sector, Consumer Behavior, Brand Equity, Sports Marketing

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This research presents a self-supervised learning pipeline leveraging contrastive learning to pretrain models on large, unlabeled datasets for zero-shot classification tasks across diverse domains. The methodology focuses on capturing generalizable features by training models to distinguish between augmented views of data instances, optimizing performance through hyperparameter tuning and advanced training techniques. The pretrained models are evaluated on zero-shot classification benchmarks, demonstrating their ability to classify unseen categories without task-specific supervision. Validation is conducted using standard datasets, assessing accuracy and robustness in general and specialized contexts. The study further explores real-world applications, including medical image classification and anomaly detection, highlighting the pipeline's potential to address challenges where labeled data is scarce. Results indicate that the approach achieves competitive performance, offering a scalable and efficient alternative to supervised methods. Limitations, such as domain-specific generalization and computational demands, are acknowledged, with future directions proposed to enhance semantic alignment and broaden applicability. This work contributes to the advancement of self-supervised learning, providing a framework for leveraging unlabeled data in flexible, real-world AI systems

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 Keywords

Heart Disease, Machine Learning, Random Forest, KNN, Digital Health Solutions, Cardiovascular Diseases

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Despite being stigmatized traditionally in India, live-in relationships have become more common in the society and the same is also evident in the evolution of laws in recent decades. This study shall provide a overview at how the legal recognition of live-in relationships have changed over time, as well as significant court rulings, legislative changes, and shifting public perceptions of cohabitation without a marriage. Additionally, it also talks on the rights of partners and their children while emphasizing on the conflict between customs and modern legal interpretations.

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Live-in Relationships in India: Legal Status and Societal Perception

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In the current retail environment, digital marketing has become a powerful factor in determining what customers decide to buy. In order to better understand how digital marketing shapes consumer behaviour, this study looks at how companies use online platforms and tools to affect purchase intent, brand loyalty, and general customer happiness. With the internet, social media, and e-commerce expanding at a quick pace, digital marketing has emerged as a key component of contemporary company strategy, revolutionising how companies interact with prospective clients. A number of important facets of digital marketing that have a direct influence on consumer choices are examined in the study, such as the efficacy of search engine optimisation (SEO), targeted social media campaigns, online advertising, influencer marketing, email marketing, and the expanding significance of user-generated content like online reviews and ratings. In order to evaluate customers' reactions to different digital marketing strategies, the study used a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys and in-depth interviews. Furthermore, case studies of well-known companies across a range of sectors provide information on how digital marketing campaigns are customised for particular customer groups. Key findings indicate that consumer impressions of brands are significantly impacted by digital marketing, especially through social media and personalised content. Particularly when paired with influencer endorsements, social media sites like Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok are crucial in determining customer trust and brand exposure. Additionally, data analytics-powered targeted web advertising enables firms to send highly customised messages to consumers, boosting the possibility that they will make a purchase. Additionally, the study Shows that user-generated content, peer recommendations, and online reviews have a big influence on consumer decision-making since people are depending more and more on other people's experiences to inform their decisions. According to the study, brands that successfully establish an authentic online presence and cultivate deep connections with their audience typically see better levels of customer loyalty and retention, underscoring the significance of consumer trust and engagement. Furthermore, as more consumers use smartphones for both product research and purchases, the survey emphasises the growing importance of mobile marketing. In summary, this study shows that digital marketing is a dynamic and changing industry that necessitates constant corporate adaptation to new platforms, technology, and consumer behaviours. It is also a crucial instrument for influencing consumer purchase decisions. Businesses that effectively use digital marketing platforms to offer tailored, pertinent, They are in a better position to affect customer behaviour and obtain a competitive edge in the market thanks to compelling and interesting content.

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Digital Marketing, Consumer Behavior, Brand Loyalty, Influencer Marketing, User- Generated Content (UGC)

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This study has been undertaken to compare the clinical performance of the Siemens Dimension EXL 200 and the portable biochemistry analyser Mobilab for HbA1c determination. Accessible and affordable diagnostic methods are required due to the rising incidence of diabetes, particularly in environments with low resources. Mobilab provides a portable point-of-care testing substitute that promotes early detection and efficient illness treatment. 52 whole blood samples were drawn from patients at GNRC Medical in North Guwahati. The Siemens Dimension EXL 200 and Mobilab were used to determine the patients' HbA1c levels. To evaluate method agreement and device performance, statistical analyses were conducted, including Bland-Altman plots, diagnostic accuracy computations, sensitivity, specificity, and Passing & Bablok regression. With a Passing & Bablok regression slope of 0.9735 (95% CI: 0.6047-1.0500) and an intercept of 0.1869 (95% CI: -0.3375-0.9029), Mobilab showed a significant correlation with the reference technique. 95% of data points fell within the permissible ranges, according to Bland-Altman analysis, which revealed a mean bias of -0.0004%. Mobilab demonstrated its dependability in measuring HbA1c with a sensitivity of 95.65%, specificity of 93.10%, and total diagnostic accuracy of 94.23%. With excellent concordance with recognised clinical analysers, Mobilab offers a precise, portable, and affordable substitute for HbA1c testing. It is a promising tool for diabetes monitoring and management, facilitating early diagnosis and better patient outcomes because of its capacity to be implemented in environments with low resources.

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HbA1c, Portable Biochemistry Analyzer, Point-of-Care Testing, Diagnostic Accuracy, Diabetes Management

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Abstract: Objective: The aim of the present research work was to develop and evaluate the topical herbal lepa incorporated with licorice for the effective management of psoriasis. Methods: The present study involves the preparation and optimization of liquorice herbal lepa by using natural excipients in powder and extraction for its and was in its leap form. The prepared lepa were evaluated for various parameters such as its color, odor, touch, state, consistency, texture, loss of drying, % drying, ash value, pH, skin irritability, spreadibiltiy, homogenity in the study. Results: The optimized formulation was found to have a color olive green and aromatic odor. The touch was fine powder and greasy and soft consistency found to be as expected. The texture was smooth and spreadibility also seemed to be easy spreading. The loss of drying and %drying was measured. pH of the herbal leap was 6.40 with the result of No skin irritability after its study. And is homogenous in nature Conclusion: The study showed that the herbal lepa formulation has the potential to significantly enhance the efficacy of liquorice in the treatment of psoriasis. These findings provide exciting new possibilities for improving psoriasis treatment and explores importance of continued research in this area. After many formulations finally got a stable herbal lepa with perfect texture and consistency which is safe to be applied on skin

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Liquorice, Psoriasis, Herbal lepa, Natural excipients

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Aim The current study aimed at finding out the relationship between family environment and learning outcomes. The family environment was determined based on four components-- parental socio-economic status (SES), parental expectations, parental involvement, and peer group interaction. Materials and Methods The study was analytical in nature, in which the data already available were used to examine the relationship between family environment and learning outcomes of students. The relevant data were gathered from the previous studies conducted, using a "narrative review" type. Altogether 110 research articles on the problem were selected out of 121 articles after screening, of these, 71 (64.55%) were empirical studies and 39 (35.45%) were theoretical studies. Results Almost 100 per cent findings on the four components of family environment given above indicated that there was a positive relationship between family environment and learning outcomes, in which the higher the parental socio-economic status (SES), the higher parental expectations, the higher the parental involvement, and the higher peer group interaction, the better was the learning outcome. Conclusion All things being equal, it can be concluded that high parental socio-economic status (SES), parental expectations, parental involvement, and peer group interaction were significant predictors of learning outcomes of students.

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Family environment, learning outcome, relationship, literature, narrative review.

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This study explores the structure, functioning, and evolution of stock exchanges in India, with a focus on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). It examines the regulatory framework governing these markets, the technological advancements that have transformed trading practices, and the role of these exchanges in capital formation and economic development. The study also analyzes trading mechanisms, market participants, and the impact of reforms introduced by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). Through a combination of historical analysis, market data, and policy review, the research highlights the progress made in enhancing transparency, efficiency, and investor protection in Indian stock markets. The findings indicate that while Indian stock exchanges have made significant strides in modernization and integration with global markets, challenges such as market volatility, regulatory compliance, and investor awareness remain key areas for continuous improvement

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Keywords: Stock Exchanges,Indian Financial Markets,Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE),National Stock Exchange (NSE),SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India),Capital Market,Equity Trading,Market Regulation,Investor Protection,Trading Mechanism,Market Reforms.Financial Instruments,Market Volatility,Electronic Trading & Economic Development.

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Hormonal variations cause a variety of physiological and psychological changes that accompany menopause, a normal transition in a woman's life. Menarche and menopause are two major turning periods in women's reproductive life cycles. Menopause is the most significant event in terms of the body's physical and mental changes. Typically, this occurs between the ages of 45 and 55. The feminine hormones progesterone and estrogen protected women while they were of reproductive age. An estrogen-deficient phase that occurs as people age causes ovarian function to decline, hastening the aging process and leading to menopause. Through dietary changes, lifestyle adjustments, and herbal therapies, Ayurveda provides a comprehensive approach to controlling menopausal symptoms, placing an emphasis on balance. This paper explores Ayurvedic perspectives on menopause, drawing on classical texts and contemporary findings, and presents practical strategies to enhance the quality of life during this phase.

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Menopause, Rajonivritti, Lifestyle modification

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