Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Realizing the importance of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for human well-being and recognizing the role of education in achieving these goals, this research paper examines the role of the Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) in promoting educational equity. RMSA is a Government of India initiative launched in 2009 to enhance access and improve the quality of secondary education. The study evaluates the increase in enrolment among girls, Scheduled Castes (SC), and Other Backward Classes (OBC) students at the secondary and higher secondary levels in Punjab during the implementation period of the RMSA. Due to the high validity of U-DISE (Unified District Information System for Education) data, enrolment growth has been estimated using percentage analysis of statistical data derived from this source. The findings of this study indicate that during the RMSA period in Punjab, there was a notable increase in Gross Enrolment Ratios (GERs) and a reduction in transition gaps between secondary and higher secondary levels. Enrolment also rose among gender-based categories and socially disadvantaged groups, including SC and OBC students, at both educational levels. However, the enrolment growth among girls lagged behind that of boys, highlighting persistent gender disparities. Additionally, a significant proportion of students do not transition to higher secondary education after completing secondary schooling, with dropout rates of approximately 25% for boys and 23% for girls. The situation is more severe among Scheduled Caste (SC) students, where the dropout rate reaches nearly 30%. While RMSA played a key role to the achievement of the SDGs by increasing enrolment among disadvantaged groups, it was not entirely successful to sustain gains in the Gross Enrolment Ratio and was not fully effective in ensuring the retention of all students within the education system.

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 Keywords

Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan, Sustainable Development Goals, enrolment growth, gender disparity, Scheduled Castes, Other Backward Classes, Punjab.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The paper introduces an extensive research investigation of the simulation model created for a hospital Emergency Department. The investigation was led in the Emergency Department (ED) at The Ohio State medical Center. A point by point patient stream procedure outline is created to study time delays, understanding medical procedures, assets, material streams in the framework. A simulation model was created utilizing Arena (7.0) to demonstrate the procedure stream of patients so as to investigate the ED System execution. The reaction variable in our investigation is understanding throughput. Lean Management based methodologies were proposed for improving patient throughput in Emergency Department. The lean administration methodologies center around making an incentive in framework, diminishing non worth included occasions, decrease of lines and turmoil in framework. A measurable theory testing test was led to contemplate the centrality/non essentialness of proposed procedures for execution in Emergency Department. The productivity of emergency departments (EDs) in taking care of patient floods during catastrophe times utilizing the accessible asset is significant. Numerous EDs require extra assets to defeat the bottlenecks in emergency frameworks. The supposition that will be that EDs consider the alternative of brief staff dispatching, among different choices, so as to react to an expanded interest or even the contracting incidentally non-hospital medical staff. Discrete event simulation (DES), an outstanding simulation technique and dependent on procedure demonstrating, is utilized for setting up ED tasks and the board related models. In this examination, a DES model is created to research and break down an ED under ordinary conditions and an ED in a fiasco situation which thinks about an expanded convergence of catastrophe exploited people patients. This will permit early readiness of emergency departments as far as physical and HR.

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Emergency Department, Simulation, Medical Emergency, Hospital

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3. Jatropha curcas is a multipurpose, drought-resistant perennial plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. Native to Central America, it has gained global attention due to its high oil content in seeds, which can be processed into biodiesel, making it a promising candidate for sustainable biofuel production. Apart from its energy potential, Jatropha curcas is also valued for its medicinal properties, soil erosion control, and use in traditional agroforestry systems. The plant grows in a variety of climates and soil conditions, often thriving in marginal lands where food crops struggle. However, its cultivation faces challenges such as variable oil yields, toxicity of certain plant parts, and the need for agronomic improvements. Ongoing research focuses on genetic improvement, pest and disease management, and enhancing oil extraction techniques to make Jatropha curcas a viable crop for green energy and rural development.

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Jatropha curcas, Burn Healing, Wound, Cream, Boa-Active , Excipients , Skin , Irritation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Marma Sharira, a key concept in Ayurveda, refers to vital anatomical points where muscles, veins, ligaments, bones, and joints meet. Traditionally revered for their life-sustaining nature, these points were meticulously studied and protected during surgical interventions in ancient India. Marmas are the energy reservoirs, the centre of consciousness, and the hidden essential spots of the body and psyche. Marmas, which resemble acupressure spots, relate to different nerves (Nadis) and energy wheels (Chakras). In modern surgical practice, the understanding of Marma Sharira offers significant clinical insights, particularly in trauma care, regional anaesthesia, and minimally invasive procedures. By correlating Marma points with critical neurovascular junctions and anatomical landmarks recognized in contemporary medicine, surgeons can enhance surgical precision, minimize iatrogenic injury, and improve patient outcomes. The Marma points are where the life power, or Pran is located. Year-long blockages in the Marma points caused by toxins, stress, and bad emotions can result in pain, energy blockages, swelling, and a variety of ailments. Ayurveda implies marvel effect with Marma practice in surgical field through vital points to be focused on while treating the aliments.

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 Keywords

Marma, Marma Sharira, Vital Points, Marmabhighata.

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The rapid advancement of AI technologies such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Diffusion Models has enabled the creation of hyper-realistic synthetic images, posing significant challenges in verifying the authenticity of digital content. This project addresses the research problem of distinguishing real images from AI-generated ones. We propose a solution by developing a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based classification system, trained on a curated dataset of real and synthetic images. The model integrates with a web application that allows users to upload images and instantly receive classification results. Our CNN model achieved an accuracy exceeding 85% on test data, demonstrating its effectiveness. This paper outlines the dataset preparation, CNN architecture, training process, evaluation metrics, and future enhancement possibilities.

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 Keywords

AI image detection, CNN, deep learning, image classification, real vs AI, computer vision

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Iron deficiency is one of the most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies worldwide, necessitating innovative strategies for iron fortification. Chelation is a process of binding of ions and their molecules to metal ions. It enhances the bioavailability of iron and minimizes the challenges of oxidative stability and sensory properties with traditional iron fortification. Casein, a major milk protein, has a high affinity for binding divalent metal ions, forming stable complexes that protect iron from premature reactions in the food matrix and gastrointestinal tract. Chelation of iron with casein improves the solubility of iron in aqueous environments. Yoghurt, a widely consumed functional food, presents an ideal vehicle for nutritional fortification. The standard yoghurt was prepared according to the FSSAI specifications. The chelated iron was added into the boiled milk in the concentrations of 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g and 2.0g per 100ml milk respectively before fermentation. The four samples were analyzed for physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties. Sensory analysis revealed that the yoghurt samples having of 0.5g and 1.0g and 1.5g levels of chelated iron were equal to the standard yoghurt in color, taste and texture compare to other concentrations. The iron content in 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0g yoghurt samples were control-0.5mg, 0.5-3.4mg, 1.0-5.2mg, 1.5-7.6mg and 2.0-9.8mg respectively was analyzed by ICP-OES method. The study highlights the potential of casein-chelated iron as an innovative fortification method, paving the way for nutritionally enriched dairy products.

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 Keywords

Iron, Fortification, Yoghurt, Fermentation, Casein chelated iron.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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chronic kidney disease, descriptive, hemodialysis, tertiary hospital

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rapid increase in vehicle usage worldwide has led to a surge in road accidents, resulting in millions of deaths and injuries annually. Human errors, vehicle malfunctions, and poor road conditions are major contributors. Delayed emergency responses exacerbate the issue. Road accidents have become a serious global concern. Traditional safety features like seat belts and airbags reduce injuries but don't prevent accidents. Modern technologies like IoT and sensor-based systems are being integrated into vehicles to improve safety. These systems detect potential hazards and alert drivers. They can help prevent accidents and improve road safety. Millions of people die due to the accidents. The main purpose of this paper is to rovide vehicle safety and a solution that automatically alert the driver to be cautious. In this system continuously monitoring the vehicle performance using sensors and the behaviour of driver with the use of IOT Technology. The Vehicle black box receives the information from various sensors like the MEMS sensor. If the accident occurs, by using GPS the vehicle location is traced and the information is sent to local hospital and police through the message. With the IOT Technology, this location is always traced in the cloud platform service. If any panic problems arises then the location is automatically sent through message and also the data will be uploaded through an IOT platform. The system incorporates an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles around the vehicle, ensuring timely responses to potential collisions. A relay is used to control the DC motor, which simulates vehicle movement, allowing for precise adjustments based on sensor input. Additionally, a buzzer provides audible alerts in the event of abnormal conditions, enhancing overall safety by promptly notifying the operator of any issues.

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 Keywords

Arduino UNO, Ultrasonic Sensor, MEMS Sensor, Alcohol Sensor, Potentiometer, GPS Module, GSM Module, LCD, DC Motor, Relay, Buzzer.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper presents a refined approach to maximizing the effectiveness of grid- connected photovoltaic (PV) systems through an enhanced Perturb and Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm. While traditional P&O styles are valued for their simplicity, they frequently struggle with slow shadowing pets and significant power losses due to steady- state oscillations. Adaptive MPPT algorithms have surfaced as a result, stoutly conforming the anxiety step size grounded on propinquity to the maximum power point (MPP). still, they frequently come with increased computational complexity. To strike a balance between speed, delicacy, and simplicity, the proposed Modified P&O(MPO) algorithm limits the MPP hunt zone to just 10 of the power- voltage (P- V) wind -- where the MPP generally resides. It intelligently divides the wind into four regions using an estimated open- circuit voltage. In regions far from the MPP, it applies a large, fixed step size for quick shadowing, while by near regions, it adopts an adaptive strategy to minimize oscillations and power loss. Simulation results using MATLAB/ SIMULINK under varying irradiance biographies including sinusoidal, ramp, and realistic one- day conditions -- demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed MPO algorithm. It achieves a fast confluence time of just 15 milliseconds and an emotional shadowing effectiveness of 99.8, outperforming both conventional and recent adaptive MPPT ways. This work highlights a practical and high- performance result for boosting the trustability and energy affair of ultramodern PV systems.

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 Keywords

Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm, Matlab Simulink, Open Circuit Voltage.

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 Abstract

In modern healthcare systems, the involvement of Third Party Administrators (TPA) plays a crucial role in managing insurance claims and ensuring that patients receive timely care. However, the discharge process for TPA patients in hospitals can often be time-consuming due to the need for multiple administrative approvals, coordination between the hospital and insurance providers, and documentation requirements. Reducing these delays is crucial for optimizing hospital operations and improving patient experience.

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 Keywords

TPA discharge process, Hospital discharge efficiency, Delay in discharge, patient satisfaction, Insurance claims management, Discharge coordination.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition