Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

In the current era, computer technology has become ubiquitous across diverse domains. The integration of advanced systems, such as artificial intelligence, has introduced novel opportunities, capabilities, and challenges within the educational landscape. AI, through its ability to emulate human cognition in drawing conclusions and making predictions, empowers computer-based tools to offer personalized instruction, assistance, and feedback to both learners and educators. This study explores the influence of AI on education, discussing its key applications and examining the perceived advantages associated with its implementation.

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 Keywords

Ubiquitous, Artificial intelligence, educational landscape, personalized instruction, computer-based tools, human cognition.

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The rapid growth of Financial Technology (FinTech) has been a key driver in enhancing financial inclusion, particularly in rural India. This study investigates the post-pandemic adoption of digital payments in rural India, focusing on behavioural aspects such as savings, credit access, payment/transaction efficiency, and safety. The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the reliance on digital solutions, yet there is a gap in understanding the behavioural factors influencing the adoption of FinTech in rural areas. This research employs a mixed-method approach, using stratified and convenience sampling methods to select a sample of 400 respondents from rural villages in Gurugram, Srinagar, Pune, and Hyderabad. Structured questionnaires are used to collect data on digital payment usage, socio-economic factors, and perceptions towards digital financial services. The findings highlight that awareness and knowledge (AAK) significantly impact financial inclusion (FI), with a path coefficient of 0.228, followed by safety (SAF) and credit access (CA), both demonstrating positive contributions. The role of payment technology (PAT) was found to have the weakest effect on financial inclusion, indicating that while technological solutions are important, they must be combined with trust and financial literacy to drive meaningful change. The study confirms that the perceived safety of digital transactions plays a critical role in adoption, particularly in rural settings where digital literacy may be lower. The R-squared value of 0.405 suggests that the independent variables (AAK, CA, PAT, SAF, and TIT) collectively explain 40.5% of the variance in financial inclusion. Furthermore, the research shows that perceived safety and trust in technology are significant determinants in the adoption of digital payments, underlining the importance of secure and trusted digital platforms for enhancing financial inclusion. The study contributes to the understanding of how FinTech platforms influence financial inclusion in rural India, offering insights into how awareness, access to credit, safety, and trust shape adoption behaviors. The findings have important policy implications for improving digital payment systems, ensuring their accessibility and safety, and ultimately driving greater financial inclusion in rural India

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 Keywords

Awareness, Credit Access, Safety, and Trust in Technology

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Great Expectations by Charles Dickens stands as a seminal example of the Bildungsroman--a genre that charts the psychological and moral growth of its protagonist from youth to maturity. This research article examines Pip's evolution from a humble, kind-hearted child into a man confronted with the corrupting influence of wealth and the eventual reclamation of his intrinsic values. Through a close reading of key episodes in the narrative--his initial innocence, the impact of his encounter with Miss Havisham and Estella, his transformation upon inheriting wealth, and the shattering revelation of his benefactor's true identity--the study reveals how Pip's internal journey mirrors broader societal critiques of Victorian class and materialism. This article argues that Pip's maturation is marked not by social ascension but by a deep moral reawakening. Ultimately, Dickens posits that true gentility is a matter of character, rather than wealth or status, challenging the Victorian preoccupation with external markers of success. This paper contributes to the scholarly discourse by framing Pip's journey as a complex interplay between personal transformation and societal critique, emphasizing that the path to self-knowledge and redemption often involves confronting uncomfortable truths about oneself.

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Victorian society, materialism, redemption, transformation, revelation

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This literature review examines the relationship between spirituality and well-being in workplace settings, focusing on studies published between 2004 and 2024. Spirituality at work encompasses an individual's quest for meaning, purpose, and connectedness through their professional roles. Research indicates that integrating spiritual practices and values into the workplace can significantly enhance employee well-being and organizational performance. Key findings suggest that workplace spirituality contributes to various dimensions of well-being, including psychological resilience, job satisfaction, and overall mental health. Practices such as mindfulness, meditation, and reflective thinking have been linked to reduced stress and burnout, fostering a more engaged and productive workforce. Moreover, organizations that embrace spiritual values like justice, integrity, and compassion often experience improved morale and stronger interpersonal relationships among employees. The review also highlights the importance of aligning personal and organizational values to create a supportive work environment. Employees who perceive their workplace as supportive of their spiritual growth are more likely to experience higher levels of job satisfaction and reduced stress. Additionally, fostering a sense of community and belonging within the workplace contributes to enhanced emotional stability and job performance. In conclusion, integrating spirituality into workplace practices offers a holistic approach to enhancing employee well-being and organizational effectiveness. Future research should explore the differential impact of various spiritual traditions on workplace outcomes and investigate how organizations can strategically incorporate spiritual accommodations to support a more engaged and fulfilled workforce.

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The Role of Spirituality and Meditation in Enhancing Employee Well-Being and Reducing Stress: A Literature Review

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ABSTRACT: Scientific progress in electronic commerce and communication networks led to credit cards becoming the most popular payment instrument supporting in-store and electronic purchasing transactions. The number of credit card payment fraud incidents has substantially escalated because of current transaction trends. The yearly financial losses from fraud damages credit card issuers to such an extent that they need an advanced system with a complete fraud detection framework. Electronic payments have become a leading factor that drives the increase in fraudulent transactions. The urgent need exists for new methods which can detect credit card transaction fraud before it happens. Our fundamental research develops a transaction fraud system which integrates machine learning elements with original feature modification strategies. Our method received validation through experiments conducted with two real-world public credit card transaction datasets where one of them contained actual fraud cases. Our system achieved the highest success rate compared to other competing methods when processing both datasets. Our proposed method proves highly effective based on the achieved results. The tool from our approach strengthens credit card issuer capabilities to recognize fraudulent transactions thus safeguarding their customers while simultaneously minimizing loss and regulatory expense. A protected transaction environment for credit cards can emerge from implementing the procedures we have recommended.

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CCFD = Credit Card Fraud Detection ML = Machine Learning

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The Israel-Palestine conflict remains one of the most enduring and complex disputes in modern international relations, marked by a long history of territorial contestation, population displacement, and cycles of violence. Amidst escalating tensions and repeated allegations of human rights abuses, the International Criminal Court (ICC) has emerged as a potential mechanism for legal accountability. This study investigates the role and effectiveness of the International Criminal Court in addressing serious international crimes--genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity--within the context of the Israel-Palestine conflict. The research begins by exploring the historical roots of the conflict, marked by colonial legacies, territorial disputes and repeated outbreaks of violence, particularly in Gaza and the West Bank. It examines how both Israeli military operations and Palestinian armed groups have been accused of violating international humanitarian law, resulting in civilian casualties, forced displacement, infrastructure destruction. The study focuses on the ICC's legal framework under the Rome Statute and its jurisdiction over crimes committed in Palestine following its accession to the ICC in 2015. It explores the complexities of prosecuting crimes in a politically sensitive and asymmetrical conflict, where powerful actors like Israel and the United States reject the Court's jurisdiction. The principle of complementarity, which requires the ICC to act only when national systems fail to prosecute, is critically assessed, particularly in light of claims that Israel's domestic investigations lack impartiality. Through a case study analysis, this study evaluates the ICC's progress, challenges, and limitations in investigating alleged atrocities committed by both Israeli forces and Palestinian groups. It draws comparisons with other ICC cases, such as Sudan and Ukraine, to highlight patterns of geopolitical influence and selective justice. Finally, the study contends that while the ICC promotes global accountability and deters impunity, its effectiveness is limited by political pressures and enforcement gaps. Legal tools alone are insufficient; long-term peace and justice in Israel-Palestine necessitate international cooperation, grassroots advocacy, and political solutions that address deep-seated inequalities. The study concludes with recommendations for reforming the ICC and improving its ability to handle complex conflicts.

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War crimes, Genocide, Crimes Against Humanity, International Criminal Court (ICC), Israel-Palestine conflict, International Humanitarian Law

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Preterm infants are exposed to an atypical sensory environment in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), which places them at risk for disrupted neurobehavioral development. Emerging evidence highlights the crucial role of early physiotherapy-led sensory modulation strategies in promoting organized brain development and optimizing behavioral outcomes. This narrative review explores the current understanding of sensory modulation, reviews physiotherapy-based interventions in NICU, discusses their impact on neurobehavioral outcomes, and identifies future directions. Although the body of evidence remains limited and heterogeneous, findings support the integration of structured sensory-based physiotherapy practices within NICU care to improve long-term developmental trajectories in preterm infants.

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Keywords: preterm infants, physiotherapy, sensory modulation, neurobehavioral development, neonatal intensive care unit.

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This paper introduces a Smart Waste Management System (SWMS) aimed at optimizing waste sorting and processing through automation. The system utilizes advanced sensor technologies, including metal, moisture, and color sensors, to accurately identify and classify waste materials on a conveyor belt. An IR sensor controls waste separation, directing materials into designated chambers for further processing. Organic waste is incinerated in a combustion chamber, generating heat that powers a Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) for energy recovery. Food waste is routed to a bio-gas chamber for anaerobic digestion, producing renewable bio-gas. This integrated approach not only enhances sorting efficiency but also reduces landfill dependence and contributes to sustainability by recovering energy from waste, offering an eco-friendly, scalable solution to modern waste management challenge.

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Smart Waste Management, Automated Sorting, Sensor Technologies, Energy Recovery, Biogas Production, Thermoelectric Generator (TEG), Waste-to-Energy, Sustainability, Waste Separation, Anaerobic Digestion and Renewable Energy.

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The proposed BIST architecture focuses on minimizing power consumption during the testing phase while maintaining high fault coverage. It leverages the capabilities of the Verilog hardware description language to model and simulate the design. The research investigates various power reduction techniques, including test pattern compression, selective clock gating, and power-aware test scheduling, to optimize power consumption during testing. This research paper presents the design and implementation of a Built-In Self- Test (BIST) architecture specifically tailored for low-power Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) applications. The increasing demand for energy-efficient electronic devices and the proliferation of portable systems have necessitated the development of power-aware design techniques. BIST, a onchip testing technique, plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality and reliability of integrated circuits. The implementation is performed on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platform, demonstrating the feasibility and practicality of the proposed design. The research contributes to the field of low- power VLSI design by providing a comprehensive BIST architecture that effectively reduces power consumption during testing. The proposed design is compatible with standard Verilog synthesis and is readily applicable to a wide range of low-power VLSI applications. The findings from this study can guide designers in developing energy-efficient and reliable integrated circuits, promoting sustainability, and extending battery life in portable devices.

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BIST Architecture , Low Power Emphasis, Verilog Programming, Autonomous Testing, Functional and Power Testing.

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Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common cause of motor and postural disorders in children. Kinesio taping (KT) has emerged as a relatively new therapeutic technique used in the rehabilitation of children with CP, often as an adjunct to other therapies. This narrative review explores the evidence regarding the effectiveness of trunk KT application in improving various aspects in children with CP, such as sitting posture, trunk control, balance, and functional mobility, based on available research. Evidence from randomised controlled trials and pilot studies suggests that trunk KT may offer benefits in certain areas, particularly sitting posture and dynamic balance, when integrated into rehabilitation programmes.

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Keywords: Cerebral palsy, Kinesio taping, Paediatric rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Trunk control.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition