Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Abstract I think therefore, I am, said, Rene Descartes, (1637) a French philosopher. As humans, we are thinking beings or we can consider ourselves thinking animals. Our living state is determined by the quality of our faculty of thinking. Our quality of life depends on our quality of thinking. A critical thinking skill is a skill which generates new methods, concepts, understandings, inventions and works of arts. This paper is to present a Critical Thinking a Key Skill for Higher Secondary School Students of Jharkhand on the basis of Gender, Location, School Board, Medium of Instruction and Type of Family. The population consists of Higher Secondary School Students in Ranchi, district of Jharkhand. The sample consisted of 1000 higher secondary school students. The investigator adapted the survey method. Self-constructed and validated tool to establish the validity and reliability of the tool. Mean, standard deviation and t-test was used to analyses the data to infer findings. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between mean scores of higher secondary school students of Jharkhand in their Critical Thinking Skills on the basis of gender, habitation, type of school whereas there was no significant difference between mean scores of higher secondary school students of Jharkhand in their Critical Thinking Skills on the basis type of board.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Critical Thinking, Key to Outshine, Higher Secondary School, Jharkhand

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Smart Feast is an innovative AI-powered food waste management system designed to monitor and reduce food waste in real-time. Utilizing a Raspberry Pi as the central processing unit, the system integrates a variety of sensors, including the DHT11 for temperature and humidity monitoring, the MQ3 for detecting bad odors, and the LDR for light condition assessment. The ADC module ensures accurate sensor data collection. In the event of abnormal conditions, the GSM module sends timely alerts, while a buzzer provides an immediate auditory warning. The system employs a Random Forest machine learning algorithm to analyze sensor data and make intelligent decisions regarding the status of food waste.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Food Quality Detection, Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Intelligence (AI), IoT-enabled Sensors, Predictive Analytics, Food Safety Management, Real-time Monitoring.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Sign language is the primary mode of communication for speech and hearing-impaired individuals. However, understanding sign language is often challenging for those unfamiliar with it. This project aims to bridge the communication gap between sign language users and non-signers through an automated real-time sign language interpretation system. The proposed system utilizes Python programming with OpenCV for video processing and deep learning algorithms like YOLOv5 and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for gesture recognition. The system captures real-time video input using a webcam, detects hand gestures, classifies them, and converts them into readable text instantly on the screen. This system can recognize various hand gestures and interpret alphabets or words based on the sign shown. The accurate and real-time translation of sign language will make communication easier and more effective for deaf and mute individuals, promoting inclusivity in daily life. Future enhancements may include voice output, support for multiple sign languages, and mobile-based applications.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sign Language Recognition, Real-Time Interpretation, Speech and Hearing Impaired, Python Programming, OpenCV, YOLOv5, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Gesture Detection, Gesture Classification, Inclusive Communication, Hand Gesture Recognition, Automated Translation System

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

With the evolution of cellular networks beyond 4G, addressing critical challenges such as increased capacity,higher data rates,reduced latency, and improvedQuality of Service (QoS) has become essential. To meet these demands, significant advancements in cellular network architecture are required. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the fifth-generation (5G) cellular network architecture, highlighting key technologies that contribute to its development. Among these technologies, Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and Device-to-Device (D2D) communication are particularly emphasized, as they play a crucial role in enhancing network efficiency, improving spectral utilization, and enabling seamless connectivity in dense urban environments. Beyond the core 5G architecture, this paper also explores emerging technologies that are fundamental to optimizing network performance. These include interference management strategies,spectrumsharingthroughcognitiveradio,ultra-densenetworks(UDN), multi-radio access technology (Multi-RAT),full-duplexradios,and millimeter-wavecommunication.The integrationof cloud-based Radio AccessNetworks (C-RAN) and Software-DefinedNetworks (SDN) further enhances the flexibility, scalability, and automation of 5G infrastructure, making it more adaptable to dynamic traffic demands. A probable 5G network architecture is also proposed, incorporating essential elements such as small cell access points, network cloud integration, and the Internet of Things (IoT) to ensure efficient connectivity across various applications. Furthermore, the paper conducts an extensive survey of global research projects on 5G, examining the contributions of leading research groups and institutions worldwide. These studies offer valuable insights into the ongoing innovations and technological breakthroughs that are shaping the future of next-generation wireless communication.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

5G Network Architecture, Massive MIMO, Device-to-Device (D2D) Communication, Ultra-Dense Networks (UDN), Cognitive Radio and Spectrum Sharing, Cloud-Based Radio Access Networks (C-RAN) and Software-Defined Networks (SDN).

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Introduction: Mobile advertising is one of the key factors determining consumer purchases to generate profit. This study aimed to describe the consumers' attitudes toward mobile advertising, exploring the four dimensions of Entertainment, Credibility, Irritation, and Personalization. Methodology: This study utilized a quantitative descriptive design. It determined a total of 129 teaching and non-teaching personnel of one of the private schools in Qatar as respondents through simple stratified random sampling. Results: The findings of this study indicate that the consumers' attitude towards mobile advertising, when taken collectively, was negative; the highest dimension was Entertainment, while the lowest was Irritation. Discussion: The results found that there are no significant differences on the consumers attitude towards mobile advertising when grouped according to age and sex. Recommendations: Based on the results of this study, the researchers recommend that marketers must improve the credibility of their mobile advertising, as well as personalize them to consumer preference, all while reducing irritating factors in order to receive a positive attitude from consumers and ensure consumer purchase.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Consumer Attitude, Marketing, Mobile Advertising, Mobile Devices, SMS

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Bastar District, Chhattisgarh, is renowned for its rich tribal art and craft traditions, including Dhokra metalwork, terracotta, wrought iron, woodcraft, and Kosa silk textiles, practiced by indigenous communities like the Gond, Maria, and Muria tribes. These crafts, rooted in ancient techniques and cultural narratives, face a critical decline due to economic pressures, lack of market access, and modernization. This research paper examines the historical significance, current challenges, and socio-economic impacts of Bastar's vanishing art forms. Using a mixed-methods approach, including field surveys, artisan interviews, and secondary data analysis, the study identifies key factors contributing to the decline and proposes actionable strategies for preservation. Findings underscore the urgent need for government intervention, NGO support, and global market integration to sustain these cultural treasures.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

The Vanishing Art and Craft of Bastar District, Chhattisgarh: Challenges and Preservation Strategies

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The word computational thinking has emerged as a significant catalyst in transforming the way pupil engage and comprehend mathematics in the dynamic landscape of education. Despite the conventional realm of mathematical problem solving the computational thinking provides an alternative view point that align with the requirement of digital world. The study investigates computational thinking (CT) as a transformative catalyst in mathematics instruction. The paper conducts a thorough literature review to analyze multiple definitions of CT across disciplines, defines its essential components relevant to mathematics, and studies efficient integration procedures for mathematical problem solving. The study shows that four critical CT components such as decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithms are consistent with mathematics education frameworks and can considerably improve students' problem-solving abilities. The study also investigates pedagogical approaches that use both digital (plugged) and non-digital (unplugged) activities to enhance CT skills. The findings show that problem-based learning is particularly successful for incorporating CT into mathematics education. The study contributes to our understanding of how computational thinking can be systematically integrated into mathematics classrooms to prepare students for 21st-century issues, implying that careful curriculum design and teacher training are required for successful implementation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Computational Thinking, Mathematics Education, Pedagogical approaches, Role of Computational thinking skills.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The project aims to predict rice leaf diseases using the CNN machine learning model and integrate it with Internet of Things (IoT) technology. CNN is a powerful convolutional neural networK(CNN) known for image classification, and in this context, it will be trained on a dataset of rice leaf images to accurately identify and classify diseases. The IoT aspect involves deploying sensors in rice fields to collect real-time environmental data, which will be fed into the model for more precise disease predictions. This integration of CNN and IoT enhances the accuracy and efficiency of disease detection in rice crops, allowing for timely and targeted interventions to mitigate the impact of diseases on rice yields. This project presents a smart irrigation system that optimizes water usage by adjusting pump speed using PWM pulses, based on real-time environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and water level.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT This manuscript offers an extensive analysis of ChemDraw, an innovative software for chemical structure depiction that was developed in 1985. Originally designed to overcome the challenges associated with manual chemical illustrations, ChemDraw has transformed into a vital resource for chemists, researchers, educators, and professionals in various industries. It enables the creation of high-quality two-dimensional and three-dimensional molecular representations, reaction mechanisms, and predictive modeling of properties. The paper delineates the historical progression of ChemDraw, significant version enhancements, and essential features such as NMR prediction, stereochemical analysis, SMILES generation, and chemical property estimation. The review underscores its wide-ranging applications within academic settings, pharmaceutical development, industrial chemistry, and chemical engineering. Notwithstanding its myriad advantages--including an intuitive user interface, cloud functionality, and educational applications--the software exhibits certain limitations, particularly in the management of intricate biomolecules, inorganic chemistry, and three-dimensional modeling. The manuscript concludes by emphasizing ChemDraw's ongoing advancement and its critical role in contemporary chemical communication and documentation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

ChemDraw chemical drawing software structure editor molecular modeling chemical structure representation chemical diagram tool scientific illustration cheminformatics molecular design chemical reaction drawing organic chemistry software IUPAC naming NMR prediction spectral analysis SMILES generation chemical publishing molecular formula chemical equation editor chemistry visualization ? Uses of ChemDraw: Drawing chemical structures and reactions Predicting NMR, IR, and Mass s

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Thyroid nodules are widespread in the general population, and a sizable percentage of them ar e benign .Differentiating between benign and malignant nodules is crucial to preventing unnec essary treatments and ensuring timely treatment for malignancies .Thyroid nodule stiffness can be evaluated noninvasively with ultrasound elastography, most especially using Acoustic Radi ation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging .This article examines the concepts, procedures, diagnosti c potential, and clinical applications of ARFI elastography in thyroid nodule assessment..

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Thyroid, Ultrasonography, Elastrography, Nodules, ARFI

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition