Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

One of the most prevalent and incapacitating neurological disorders is epilepsy. With the intention of offering herbal remedies for epilepsy, this article examines the clinical features of seizures and epilepsy. It defines seizures and epilepsy, discusses diagnostic techniques, classifies them, and discusses the usage of flavonoids. We have suggested using flavonoid-containing natural sources as neutraceuticals for epilepsy.

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Natural flavonoids , Epilepsy , Herbal sources , Neutraceuticals .

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The field of marketing is seeing a transformation due to the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) using data-driven decision making strategies, personalized consumer relationship, and automation of redundant processes. This review paper studies various relevant previous research works to understand the incorporation of AI in marketing. The objective of the study is to determine AI's applications in customer segmentation, consumer-driven personalization, and predictive analytics. A shift in the dynamics of traditional marketing can be observed with the introduction of various AI technologies like, chatbots, sentiment analysis, target marketing, etc. Findings from the studies suggest that the marketing performance has observed an enhancement. This enhancement comes with the improvements in real-time decision-making, optimized advertising campaigns, and efficient customer engagement. Vast customer datasets are analyzed with the help of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms that are used to predict customer buying behaviour, and Natural language Processing (NLP) is utilized for effective methods of communication. Even with all the various advantages, AI's usage in marketing activities still faces certain challenges. The use of AI brings about multiple issues namely data privacy concerns, ethical dilemmas, high implementation costs, and expertise. Due to resource constraints, smaller firms face these challenges with higher severity. Larger corporations are able to leverage AI technology to build and maintain competitive advantage. The review paper concludes that with advancements in deep learning, content creation, and personalization, AI's role in marketing will continue to expand. This paper would assist future research in exploring the long-term impact of AI on brand loyalty, ethics in AI usage for marketing, and the evolving role of AI in building consumer relationship.

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Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Marketing, Customer Relationship, Consumer Behaviour

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Background: Anubhuta Yogas are empirical formulations in Ayurveda validated through clinical experience but often lack structured scientific evaluation. Two proprietary yogas were designed: one for managing erectile dysfunction (ED), premature ejaculation (PME), loss of libido, and diabetic complications; and another for treating various types of coughs, throat infections. Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of two Anubhuta Yogas in the management of sexual dysfunction/metabolic disorders and respiratory ailments. Methods: A prospective observational case series was conducted over 12 weeks. Five patients with sexual dysfunctions and five with cough-related disorders were administered two different Ayurvedic formulations. Primary endpoints included improvements in IIEF-5 scores for sexual dysfunction and reductions in Cough Symptom Scores for respiratory illness. Safety was monitored throughout. Results: In the Rasayana Vajikarana group, IIEF-5 scores improved by 6-11 points, glycemic parameters improved in diabetic patients, and libido enhancement was noted. In the Kasa-Shwasa Hara Yoga group, there was a >70% reduction in cough severity, with significant improvements in quality of life parameters. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Both Anubhuta Yogas demonstrated substantial efficacy in their respective domains, showcasing Ayurveda's systems-based therapeutic potential. These formulations, grounded in classical Rasayana and Vyadhi Shamana principles, merit further validation through randomized controlled trials.

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Anubhuta Yoga, Rasayana, Vajikaran, Klaibya, Pramheha, Kasa, Shwasa

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This study investigates the spatio-temporal changes in vegetation, water availability, and urbanization from 2020 to 2025 in the Mahandai and Kharun River region near Nava Raipur, Chhattisgarh, using remote sensing indices--NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index), and NDBI (Normalized Difference Built-up Index). Results indicate a marginal rise in NDVI values for dense vegetation; however, a concurrent reduction in its spatial extent suggests ecological degradation and declining vegetation health. NDWI values exhibit a notable increase, linked to erratic climatic events such as off-season cyclonic rainfall, temporarily enhancing surface moisture but signaling rising climate volatility. NDBI analysis reveals significant urban expansion, reflecting conversion of natural and agricultural lands into built-up areas, contributing to urban heat island effects and hydrological disruption. These land use and land cover (LULC) changes pose serious environmental challenges including habitat loss, rising land surface temperatures, and reduced groundwater recharge. The findings underscore the urgent need for sustainable land management, preservation of riparian buffers, and climate-resilient urban planning to mitigate the adverse impacts of unregulated development and climatic instability in the region.

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Mahanadi River, Kharun River, GIS, NDVI, NDWI, NDBI

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The formulation and evaluation of herbal effervescent powders for constipation were conducted to develop a natural, effective, and patient-friendly treatment option. Four formulations were prepared using triphala , trikatu , chitrak , fennel , sendhav , citric acid , tartaric acid , sodium bicaebonate , and other excipients . Effervescent powders were designed to produce solutions that release carbon dioxide simultaneously. The main advantages of effervescent powder are quick production of solution. Thus, it is faster and better to absorb. This powder was evaluated for various parameters like angle of repose, dissolution studies, and effervescent cessation time. The formulated effervescent powder exhibited excellent flow properties which showed good angle of repose, Carr's index, Hausner's ratio, bulk density and tapped density.

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Effervescent Powder , Constipation , triphala , trikatu , chitrak , fennel , sendhav , Carr's index, Hausner's ratio, bulk density and tapped density.

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This study explores the evolution of gender stereotypes in the portrayal of women's representation through artistic canvases, drawing on feminist theory as its theoretical framework in Indian art. The research highlights the shift in perspectives and representations of femininity by examining how women's roles have been depicted across historical and contemporary artistic periods in India. Employing a qualitative methodology, specifically thematic analysis of select artworks, the study uncovers how artists have transitioned from typifying women as symbols of sexuality or domesticity to celebrating their multifaceted identities. Contemporary artists, through their intuitive styles, delve into women's suppressed emotions and resilience, portraying their triumph over societal prejudices. The paper argues that such contemporary female visual narratives challenge traditional stereotypes, and redefine women's roles across social, economic, and cultural dimensions. This analysis enhances the discourse on gender representation in art, highlighting its capacity to foster equity and empower society.

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Indian art, Visual art, Female Visual Narratives, Diaspora art, Women artists

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Agadtantra focuses on toxicology which includes study of different types of toxins, their ill -effects on the body and management for the same through Ayurveda as well as modern medicine. Various Agada kalpa or yoga serve as an antidote for poisoning, comprises combination of antitoxic medications, along with antioxidant, hepato-protective and immune-modulator substances, etc. Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Toxic carcinogens are the substances that can cause cancer. These substances can be found in the environment, workplace, and even in food. The concepts explained in Agadtantra such as Dooshivisha (latent or denatured poisons), Garavisha (artificial poisons), sthavara visha (Plant based poisons) and also Viruddhahara (Incompatible food) can be considered as the etiological factors and responsible for pathology of cancer. These contribute to cellular damage and mutations that lead to cancer. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are two distinct cancer treatments that share the goal of killing or slowing the growth of cancerous cells. As these treatments also cause toxic effects on body, Ayurveda focuses on detoxification of the body i.e. eliminating all these toxins by shodhan karma such as vaman, virechan, basti etc. Shaman chikitsa can also be given such as various agada kalpas (formulations) that are useful to reduce or to eliminate the toxicity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

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Agadtantra, Cancer, Toxic Carcinogens, Dooshivisha, Detoxification, Agada Yoga

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Foodborne pathogens remain a critical public health challenge worldwide, responsible for severe illness, hospitalizations, and economic losses. Key bacterial culprits such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus are frequently linked to contaminated food and water sources. While culture-based microbiological methods have long been used for pathogen identification, they are often time-consuming and lack the speed required for rapid response. This review highlights recent advancements in molecular and immunological detection methods that have revolutionized food safety monitoring. Molecular approaches--including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR (qPCR), multiplex PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR)--offer rapid, sensitive, and specific identification of pathogens even at low concentrations. Immunological methods, particularly enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lateral flow assays, are valuable for their ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and potential for on-site testing. While these methods are powerful, each has limitations such as cross-reactivity, inability to differentiate viable from non-viable organisms, or dependence on specialized equipment. The integration of these approaches with biosensors, isothermal systems, and portable platforms shows promise for enhancing real-time detection capabilities. Ultimately, a combined strategy leveraging both traditional and next-generation methods is essential to prevent foodborne outbreaks and protect consumer health. This paper underscores the importance of ongoing innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration in ensuring food safety.

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Foodborne pathogens; PCR; ELISA; molecular diagnostics; food safety; pathogen detection.

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: This paper explores the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques to automate threat intelligence, a critical component in modern cybersecurity defense systems. As cyber threats grow in scale, complexity, and frequency, traditional manual methods of threat detection and analysis are no longer sufficient to ensure timely and accurate responses. The research leverages a diverse dataset comprising unstructured threat reports, dark web communications, and security blogs to train a variety of models including Support Vector Machines, Random Forests, clustering algorithms, Recurrent Neural Networks, and transformer-based architectures like BERT. Through extensive experimentation and evaluation using metrics such as precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy, the study finds that deep learning models, particularly BERT, outperform other methods in extracting and interpreting contextual threat information. The results demonstrate that NLP and ML not only enhance the speed and accuracy of threat identification but also enable scalable, automated analysis suitable for real-time cybersecurity operations. This work contributes to the growing body of research on intelligent threat detection and provides a foundation for integrating advanced AI-driven tools into existing cybersecurity infrastructures

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Threat Intelligence, Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning, Cybersecurity Automation, Deep Learning

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William Congreve's play The Double Dealer published in 1694, stands as a remarkable work of Restoration comedy, distinguished by its incisive satire and sophisticated critique of aristocratic society. While the play adheres to the formal conventions of the comedy of manners, its deeper function lies in its sharp dissection of the hypocrisy, moral ambiguity, and performative behavior of the elite class in late 17th-century England. This article explores the satirical dimensions of The Double Dealer, focusing on how Congreve uses wit, irony, and theatrical deception to expose the moral contradictions of his time. At the center of the satire is the character of Maskwell, a master manipulator who exemplifies the duplicity of the social order. Through his calculated betrayals, Congreve satirizes a culture in which success is achieved not through virtue but through deception. The play also targets the pretensions and vanity of the aristocracy, particularly through characters like Lady Plyant and Lady Touchwood, whose exaggerated behaviours reveal the absurdities of class-based social expectations and gender roles. The article examines the way Congreve critiques the institution of marriage, portraying it as a transaction governed more by property and inheritance than by love or compatibility. Female characters, though often constrained by patriarchal norms, also become vehicles of satire as they subvert or conform to social expectations in revealing ways. The play's meta-theatrical elements reinforce its satire by highlighting the performative nature of identity and truth in elite society. The Double Dealer emerges as a complex satire that not only entertains but interrogates the values of its cultural moment. Congreve's biting wit and strategic use of deception position the play as both a product of and a commentary on the Restoration ethos, making it a timeless reflection on human duplicity and societal performance.

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Deception, Elite society, Restoration, Marriage, Patriarchal, Absurdity

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