Volume 11 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles being cost effective and eco-friendly treatment technique, is gaining importance nowadays. The aim of the present study is to prepare leaf extracts, precursor and synthesis of iron nanoparticles. The green synthesis was done by using the leaves extract of abutilon indicum and plumeria alba grinded with Ferric chloride separately to synthesis Fe nanoparticles. The structural properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were investigated through advanced technique like Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Particle Size Analysis (PSA). The Iron nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method using Ferric chloride precursor. The FT-IR analysis shows the interaction between the capping agent and the synthesized iron nanoparticle. The PSA results shows the nanoparticles was monitored in the method of dynamic light scattering indicate the average size of iron nanoparticles that was calculated by 141 nm and 614.6 nm. The XRD spectral analysis reveals the synthesized particles have orthorhombic phase with particle size in the 56 nm and 42 nm.

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Plant extract, abutilon indicum, plumeria alba, ferric chloride, nanoparticle

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The primary goal of the research was to examine the value of VR and 3D in the edutainment process. This study also sought to examine how innovative teaching methods are being used in private universities. In this study, the technical feasibility, attitudes, and facilities were investigated using the case study technique in order to comprehend the current situation. In addition to school administrators' opinions, teaching professionals' viewpoints were also obtained through semi-structured interviews. In this study, an easy sampling strategy was used. Based on NAAC scores, the top three private universities in Tamil Nadu were chosen. This study's findings demonstrate how approaches and technology improvements affect school administrators' perceptions. Regarding the new technology added to their teaching methodology, the teaching professionals have a good perspective. A small percentage of teaching professionals are unsure about the facilities and infrastructure needed for the new teaching approaches. The facilities in private institutions have been observed, and the possibility of implementing the new teaching technique has been positively demonstrated.

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VR and 3D, Teaching strategy, Private University, Opinion, Flexibility

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The concept of Non-Conventional copyrights is and constantly evolving and dynamic area of Copyright law as well as intellectual property law which encompasses a wide range of creative works that might not fit exactly into the definition of the term work as specified in the act, but there are numerous traditional works and other emerging works which are presently not protected under the copyright act, 1957. With the advances in technology, the scope of non-conventional copyrights continues to expand and includes new forms of expression such as virtual reality, artificial intelligence, art forms like graffiti, street art, tattoos, engineered DN sequences, machine-generated works, etc. Though these works may not fall exactly under the definition of the work as provided in the act, they cannot be left alone, as it is very important to protect the non-conventional copyrights as it helps in fostering the national heritage, culture, contributes to the economy, encourages creativity in the market and many more. There are many ongoing debates and discussions pertaining to the eligibility of these non-conventional works and their protection under the copyright act. Like other forms of IP, it is important for the non-conventional works and effort of the authors in creating such work to be protected and commercialized. At the same time, non-conventional copyrights also offer opportunities for innovation and creativity, providing new avenues for artists, designers, and other creators to express themselves and reach audiences. As technology continues to evolve, the scope of non-conventional copyrights will likely continue to expand, presenting new legal and practical challenges for those working in the field of IP law. Ultimately, the development of effective legal frameworks for non-conventional copyrights will be crucial in promoting creativity and innovation in the digital age. This paper aims at analysing the copyrightability of the works of Graffiti and Structured DNA sequences.

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Copyright, Non-Conventional Copyrights, Graffiti, Structured DNA Sequences, Intellectual Property Law.

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This study's primary objective is to examine Tamil Nadu's language and media instructors' attitudes toward the use of 3D animation segments. This study effort also aims to compare the attitudes of the two distinct types of specialists of educators. To comprehend how the two distinct kinds of educators use each other, a comparative case study approach is used. In order to comprehend the similarities and variations, the qualitative research technique was used in this study. The two private colleges in and around Tamil Nadu were chosen for two instances. The in-depth analysis approach was used to comprehend the evolving views and driving forces behind the adoption of new technologies in the teaching and learning setting. A semi-structured interview technique was used to uncover the detailed solutions in order to comprehend the statistical significance. The results of this study unmistakably demonstrate the importance of the attitudes held by the two groups of instructors. Additionally, it demonstrates how the curriculum for the two distinct fields creates a need for novel teaching methodology. Because they have been exposed to new media utilization and media literacy, media educators have favorable views towards utilizing new media technology in their teaching and learning processes.

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Attitudes, 3D animation clips, language educators, media educator, Motivation

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As air quality is rapidly affecting people's health, the government must take required action to forecast it. The air quality index calculates the quality of the air. Other air pollutants include carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide, which are emitted by the burning of natural gas, coal, and wood as well as by businesses, automobiles, and other human activity. Air pollution can result in fatal conditions like lung cancer, brain disease, and even demise. Machine learning techniques are used to calculate the air quality index. Although there have been many studies in this field, the conclusions are still not trustworthy. We have two options for completing the project. First, we can estimate the present or future air quality by knowing the precise values of SO2, Nox46, and RSPM49. Alternatively, we may use machine learning methods to compare the air quality. Air quality monitoring stations, two training and testing data sets, and the official website of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) are all accessible. Decision trees, lasso regression, linear regression, K-NN regression, etc.

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Air pollution, Linear Regression, Decision tree, Lasso regression, K-NN Regression.

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ABSTRACT PROGRESS AND PERFORMANCE OF LABOUR IN INDIA *Dr.B.SREENIVASA REDDY Mobile No: 9381008210 Email Id: sinuptp123@gmail.com **Prof.G.Venkata Naidu Mobile No: 9490801113 Email Id: gvnsku1962@gmail.com Labour plays a major role in maintaining the productivity and management of the country. The main task of our government is to increase the contribution to national development which directly depends on the workers of the country. But there is a huge gap between the lifestyle of labours and capitalists. So to increase the status of labours our government came with various labours laws that provide them security, working conditions, employment. This paper finds that labours faced different problems for example low wages, high involvement of mediators and not proper implementation of labour laws so increase government involvement, enhance wages and control mediators and proper availability of employment. Key Words: Labour Force, Work Force, Labour Force Participation Rate *Academic Consultant, Department of Economics & Applied Economics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu - 515 003. Andhra Pradesh. **Professor and Head of the Department Economics & Applied Economics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu - 515 003. Andhra Pradesh.

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Labour Force, Work Force, Labour Force Participation Rate

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The issue of soil retention has existed for years. Man has explored numerous methods to retain information in his quest for better outcomes. Enormous piles of earth made up of random stonework, bamboo, wood, and alternative materials. RCC retaining walls are now the most frequently requested solution as time goes on. New ideas and materials have made it possible for technology to find more effective ways to hold heavy quantities of soil. However, India's application of this innovative soil retaining technique, RE walls employing Geogrid, falls short of international standards. The study of RCC walls and retaining walls using Geogrid for the comparison of costs is the main emphasis of this work. The systems are proved to be of significant cost benefit when compared to other types of structures and are capable of adapting specific local conditions such as terrain geometry and aesthetic preferences irrespective formal design limitations. The analysis and estimation of retaining walls using geogrid are the main topics of this study. In the realm of geotechnical engineering, attention has been drawn to the use of geogrids as reinforcement to increase the pull-out strength of retaining structures. Due to their availability, affordability, strength, durability, and safety, reinforced retaining walls are significant in the creation of many retaining structures. This article also summarizes many studies that are currently being done on geogrid reinforced structures, including their strengths, sturdiness, and economic benefits. The study of RCC walls and retaining walls using Geogrid for the comparison of costs is the main emphasis of this work

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Cantilever Retaining Wall, Designing, Geogrid, Construction Cost

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Floods are the most widespread climate-related hazards in the world than any other type of natural disasters. It is a phenomenon in which an expansion of water that overflow and submerged all the land. Flood result caused from the enrichment of excess volume of water within water body,for example lake or river etc. , which overflows or breaks its levees, with the result that some of the water escapes its usual boundaries and causes flood. It is only responsible for two - thirds of people affected by natural disasters. India has continuously suffered by too many flood events which responsible for huge loss of life and claimed damage economic conditions. By seeing trends it is found that the incidences of the flood are increasing very rapidly. So this research paper is an analysis of climatic conditions that are responsible for the flood in the River Rapti during the month of October 2022 which breakdown all the previous flood record in the state Uttar Pradesh of India.

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Disaster, Flood, River Rapti, Uttar Pradesh.

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Dadru Kustha is one among Kshudra Kustha which involves vitiation of Rasa, Rakta and Mamsa Dhatu 1. It is one of the Kaphapitta Pradhana Twakvikara. It is characterized by Kandu, Raga, Pidaka, Daha and Uttsanna mandala. Clinical features of dadru kustha resembles with the deramatological condition called Tinea Corporis. The Prevalence of this infection is ~2% among young adults. 39% of world Population is suffering from Tinea. In India also, 5 out of 1000 people are suffering from Tinea infection. A 21yrs old male came with complaints of blackish and reddish circular elevated lesions over left shoulder region and right knee joint with severe itching and burning sensation since 4months. Nimbadi churna with Chinna (guduchi) kwatha was prescribed as internal medication and kasamaradadi lepa was advised as external application for 30 days. After completion of treatment, significant improvement was observed in the parameters like Kandu (itching), Raaga (Erythema), Pidika (eruptions) and Utsaana mandala (elevated circular skin lesion). Nimbadi Churna mentioned in Bhaisajyaratnavali is indicated in Dadru Kustha. It has Kandugna, Krimigna, Rakthashodaka , Anulomaka ingredients. Kasamardadi Lepa mentioned in Yogaratnakara Samhitha is indicated in Dadru Kustha. It has ingredients like Kasamarda mula which is Krimigna in action. Souveera Phala(Badara Phala) which is Pittahara, D Dadru Kustha is one among Kshudra Kustha which involves vitiation of Rasa, Rakta and Mamsa Dhatu 1. It is one of the Kaphapitta Pradhana Twakvikara. It is characterized by Kandu, Raga, Pidaka, Daha and Uttsanna mandala. Clinical features of dadru kustha resembles with the deramatological condition called Tinea Corporis. The Prevalence of this infection is ~2% among young adults. 39% of world Population is suffering from Tinea. In India also, 5 out of 1000 people are suffering from Tinea infection. A 21yrs old male came with complaints of blackish and reddish circular elevated lesions over left shoulder region and right knee joint with severe itching and burning sensation since 4months. Nimbadi churna with Chinna (guduchi) kwatha was prescribed as internal medication and kasamaradadi lepa was advised as external application for 30 days. After completion of treatment, significant improvement was observed in the parameters like Kandu (itching), Raaga (Erythema), Pidika (eruptions) and Utsaana mandala (elevated circular skin lesion). Nimbadi Churna mentioned in Bhaisajyaratnavali is indicated in Dadru Kustha. It has Kandugna, Krimigna, Rakthashodaka , Anulomaka ingredients. Kasamardadi Lepa mentioned in Yogaratnakara Samhitha is indicated in Dadru Kustha. It has ingredients like Kasamarda mula which is Krimigna in action. Souveera Phala(Badara Phala) which is Pittahara, Dahanivarana in action. These properties helped in elimination of vitiated doshas and thus in samprapti vighatana . This case study gave us encouraging results in the management of Dadru kushta.ahanivarana in action. These properties helped in elimination of vitiated doshas and thus in samprapti vighatana . This case study gave us encouraging results in the management of Dadru kushta.

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Dadru Kushta, Kandughna, Kushtaghna,Tinea corporis.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition