Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

India's rapid urbanization has necessitated a paradigm shift in urban mobility, leading to the rise of metro rail systems as key components of sustainable transport infrastructure. This paper examines the multifaceted impacts of metro rail development across economic, social, environmental, and spatial dimensions in Indian cities. Drawing from policy frameworks like the National Urban Transport Policy (2006) and Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), the analysis explores how metros contribute to inclusive urban growth, reduce dependence on personal vehicles, and facilitate land value appreciation. Case studies from Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolkata, and Hyderabad provide real-world evidence of metro rail projects transforming urban landscapes, boosting economic productivity, and promoting social equity. The study further investigates how metro infrastructure influences property markets, commuter behavior, and urban planning practices. Despite their potential, challenges persist in terms of project viability, financing models, and multimodal integration. By synthesizing findings from diverse sources, this research emphasizes metro rail systems as catalytic agents for sustainable urban transformation and offers insights for future policy alignment.

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 Keywords

Metro Rail, Urban Mobility, Sustainable Development, Economic Impact, Social Equity, Transit-Oriented Development

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The South Indian state of Kerala has preserved an extensive literary tradition from the 12th century onward, with Malayalam poetry evolving under the influence of various philosophical and cultural movements. Among these, Sufism played a significant role in shaping Malayalam poetry's thematic and aesthetic dimensions, much as it did in other Indian literary traditions. Sufi poetry in Malayalam, predominantly composed by Sufi mystics, is distinguished by its unique thematic and stylistic features, making it a standout genre in Malayalam poetry. This study investigates how the poet's mystical (Sufi) identity influences the poetics of Malayalam Sufi literature, contributing to the formation of a unique literary genre. The central research question guiding this inquiry is: How does the service or prophetic personality of Sufi poets shape the philosophical and poetic dimensions of Malayalam Sufi poetry, distinguishing it from works by non-mystical poets? This paper hypothesizes that the authors of these works were Sufis whose mystical experiences and prophetic inclinations deeply informed their literary output, enriching the philosophical depth and stylistic particularities of their poetry, a contribution that deserves appreciation. By examining the interplay between the poet's mystical identity and poetic expression, this research aims to illuminate how Sufi thought alters literary aesthetics and fosters a distinct genre within Malayalam literature.

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 Keywords

Malayalam Sufi poetry, mystical identity, literary imagination, philosophical

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The study reveals a positive relationship between opportunity-driven proactiveness, customer intensity, and innovation-focused marketing performance in SMEs. Proactiveness leads to better marketing outcomes, while customer intensity is a significant predictor of performance. Innovation-focused efforts also positively impact perceived production performance. Resource leveraging does not significantly influence perceived production performance, and overall performance does not show a significant relationship with marketing performance. Risk-taking has a marginally significant effect, while resource leveraging and value creation do not significantly influence marketing performance. The most influential factors for marketing performance are opportunities driven, proactiveness, customer intensity, and innovation, with risk-taking, resource leveraging, and value creation showing less influence.

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Entrepreneurial Marketing, Proactiveness, Innovation orientation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper presents the design and implementation of an AIdriven voice-controlled hexapod robot, integrating natural language processing and real-time control for enhanced human-robot interaction. The hexapod robot, with its six-legged locomotion, offers superior stability and mobility over uneven terrain, making it ideal for exploratory, rescue, and surveillance applications. The system utilizes a speech recognition module powered by deep learning models to accurately interpret voice commands and translate them into coordinated robotic movements via inverse kinematics algorithms. An onboard microcontroller manages real time actuation, while wireless communication allows seamless remote control and monitoring. Experimental results demonstrate the robot's capability to respond to a variety of natural voice commands with high accuracy and minimal latency, showcasing its potential in both indoor and outdoor autonomous operations. The integration of AI voice interfaces with multi-legged robotics opens up new possibilities in intuitive, hands-free control mechanisms for complex robotic platforms.

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 Keywords

Hexapod Robot, Voice Control, Artificial-Intelligence, Speech Recognition, Inverse Kinematics, Real-Time Control, Human-Robot Interaction, Mobile Robotics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cybercrime has emerged as one of the most significant challenges in the digital age, threatening individuals, businesses, and national security. With the rapid expansion of internet use and digital transactions in India, incidents of cybercrime -- including hacking, data theft, cyberstalking, and online fraud -- have surged. This article explores the legal landscape governing cybercrime in India, with a focus on the Information Technology Act, 2000 and its subsequent amendments. It examines the effectiveness of existing legal provisions, the role of law enforcement agencies, and the procedural challenges in prosecuting cyber offenses..Cybersecurity in India is governed by a complex legal framework designed to protect information infrastructure, secure data, and mitigate cyber threats. The increasing digitalization across sectors has amplified the need for robust cybersecurity laws. The legal framework is still evolving and continuous steps have been taken by the authorities to promulgate legislations as and when required as evidenced in the last decade. In this paper, we examine the evolving cybersecurity legal framework in India and highlight the major problems and challenges. We explore the major legislation that deals with cybercrimes, data privacy and protection. We find that the present legal framework is still sub-optimal with a host of issues relating to coverage, awareness and implementation. Keywords: Cyber Security,Data Privacy, Information

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Cyber and data protection legal framework

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Culture plays a pivotal role in the development of any country, and the culture of a nation represents its values, goals, practices and shared beliefs. For a country like India, which is always known for its cultural diversity, it has been totally a precious and valuable thing from ages. Since times immemorial, India has always been famous for its cultural diversity because, in India, languages, beliefs, religions, customs and traditional values differ from place to place and from people to people. Followers of different religions like Hindu, Muslim, Sikh, Christian and Buddhist etc. all share the same space, but the members of each of these different religions and cultures share a common identity of being Indian. All of them respect each other's religion without interfering into others values, traditions and customs because they all believe in the notion of Vasudhaiv Kutumbkam. Therefore, 'Unity in Diversity', these are not mere words but something that are highly applicable to a country like India, which is incredibly rich in cultural values. Everything from cultures and values to customs and traditions are special in this Land of Gods and that is the uniqueness of Indian culture. In this connection, the present paper is a study of Arundhati Roy's Booker Prize winner The God of Small Things, which commendably highlights the multicultural aspects of India.

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Society, Culture, Multiculturalism, Hybridity, Chutnification

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Background: Neem extract, which has antifungal and antibacterial qualities that aid in healing and soothing itchy scalps and preventing dandruff, is included in the formulated shampoo. Bhringraj extract boosts blood circulation to the scalp and roots, encouraging hair growth. Reetha extract is utilized as a foaming agent in the shampoo; it can be used as a hair cleanser and also aids in removing lice from the hair. Milk is an excellent natural moisturizer and conditioner for hair. Aim: The goal is to formulate and evaluate an herbal shampoo with all of its properties using natural ingredients, focusing on effectiveness and safety. Methods: Extracts of Azadirachta indica, Eclipta prostrata, Sapindus mukorossi, and powders of Ocimum sanctum and Acacia concinna, cow milk, honey, and distilled water were used in the formulation and subjected to Physical appearance, Determination of PH, Determination of solid content percentage, wetting time, Cleansing action, Foaming ability and foam stability, Stability study, Conditioning attributes, Skin irritation test, Density, Dirt dispersion test, Particle size determination. Conclusion: The evaluation parameters met the criteria and were within the acceptance range. Result: The prepared herbal shampoo and conditioner were found to be in the specified pH range, have good cleansing action, good wetting time, good stability, good density, good foam formation, desirable conditioning properties and, no skin irritation, no dirt dispersion.

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Azadirachta indica, Eclipta prostrata, Sapindus mukorossi, evaluation, herbal shampoo, Conditioner.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Alcoholism is a chronic, curable illness that has a major effect on one's physical and mental well-being. By combining data from research on the connection between alcohol use disorder (AUD), psychosis, and overall health outcomes, this review seeks to close that gap. Ten of the 85 studies that were found through a thorough search of major databases met the inclusion requirements. The results show a substantial correlation between internalizing psychopathologies, such as depression, anxiety, and psychosis, and severe alcohol use. Early onset, masculine gender, low educational attainment, and socioeconomic adversity are important risk factors. Male young adults turned out to be a high-risk demographic, underscoring the significance of focused preventative and intervention measures. The use of self-reported data and the absence of long-term research are among the limitations. Future research should focus on longitudinal outcomes and more diverse populations to improve clinical responses and public health strategies.

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"alcohol", "psychosis", "general health"

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922), initiated under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, marked a significant chapter in India's struggle for independence, witnessing widespread participation across various strata of society. This paper explores the often-overlooked contributions of women in the Bundelkhand sub-regions an area steeped in historical and cultural richness. Through a comprehensive study based on archival research, oral histories, and secondary literature, the paper highlights the multifaceted roles played by women, ranging from active participation in protests and boycotts to mobilizing communities and sustaining the nationalist fervor at the grassroots level. The research examines the socio-cultural difficulties that influenced and sometimes limited their participation, while also highlighting their resilience and agency. This research elucidates regional narratives, so enhancing the history of women's contributions to India's liberation fight and underscoring the importance of local movements in the context of national resistance activities.

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Non-Cooperation Movement, Women's Participation, Bundelkhand, Indian Freedom Struggle, Regional History, Gender and Nationalism, Grassroots Mobilization, Colonial India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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It is an app which provides all kind of vehicle services required for the customer.This app is also useful for the people in the middle of the travelling also.The main moto of this app is to create the work to the people who are working for vehicle services but not getting sufficient money.This app provides them the work if they are available near to the customer.This app is mainly used for the people who travel for the long distances.They may do not know about the vehicle services near by them and the petrol bumps near them.So that this app shows about the vehicle services near to the customer.This is also more efficient for the people to use.This app includes all the information for the vehicle services required for the people. Advantages: 1.This helps the people to find the services for repair. the vehicles in the sudden 2.This also helps the members who are working in the vehicle service sector. 3.This helps the customers in the middle of their travelling also. 4.It provides all kind of the vehicle services such as sudden breakdown,low fuel,battery,and etc. 5.This is also more convient for the customers to use

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Vehicle Service App Emergency Vehicle Repair On-Road Assistance Nearby Mechanic Finder Petrol and Diesel Delivery Breakdown Assistance Battery Jumpstart Service Towing Services App Long Distance Travel Support 24/7 Vehicle Help Vehicle Repair Locator Fuel Delivery App Auto Service Booking Real-time Mechanic Tracking Vehicle Maintenance App Roadside Assistance App Mechanic Job Finder Nearby Petrol Pump Locator User-Friendly Vehicle Help App Convenient Car/Bike Services

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