Volume 6 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

SA213 T12, HVOF, SEM/EDX, Porosity etc

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Real photographs frequently contain complex blur, such as the combination of space-variant and space-invariant blur, which is challenging to mathematically represent. In this work, we provide a cutting-edge blur kernel-free picture deblurring technique. We use two photographs, one fuzzy with low shutter speed and low ISO noise, and the other noisy with fast shutter speed and high ISO noise, both of which may be easily obtained in low-light conditions. By dividing the blurred picture into patches, we can use the corresponding patches in the noisy image to extend the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and describe the underlying intensity distribution of each patch. Utilizing an analysis of the optical flow between the two pictures, we generate patch correspondences. The Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is utilized to estimate the parameters of GMM. To preserve sharp features, we add an additional bilateral term to the objective function in the M-step. We eventually add a detail layer to the deblurred image for refinement. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world data demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the terms of robustness, visual quality, and quantitative metrics.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Image deblurring, optical flow, gaussian mixture model(GMM)

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

There is an increasing trend to use products manufactured from the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics or Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites in the industry like aerospace, automotive, sports, medical, renewable energy etc. It is because of the lighter weight, higher strength, hence, higher strength-to-weight ratio of these materials, their higher corrosion resistance, higher fatigue resistance etc. Manufacturing of products from CFRP composites need precise machining, including cutting. Cutting of these materials is very difficult and inefficient with non-laser traditional techniques. Using continuous wave (cw) or pulsed fiber lasers solves many of these limitations of cutting CFRP composites. These processes have been optimized by many researchers for reducing the heat affected zones (HAZ) by optimizing the laser parameters like its power, pulse duration, feeding speed etc. Finally the environmental hazards of laser-based cutting of CFRP composites and the safety measures are also discussed in this paper.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Laser cutting, CFRP composites, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics, Polymers.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The development of MEMS has been driven by the need for miniaturization and lowering the overall manufacturing cost. The field of MEMS is concerned with the development of integrated systems of sensors, actuators and associated electronics. Even though the electronics industry provides an economy of scale for the silicon industry, crystalline silicon is still a complex and relatively expensive material to produce. The development of polymer micromachining technologies that complement traditional silicon approaches has enabled the broadening of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications. Polymeric Bio-MEMS (Biomedical Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) have great potential in their current and future applications which include genomics, proteomics, molecular diagnostics, point-of-care diagnostics, tissue engineering, single cell analysis and implantable micro-devices. The polymeric materials are very fragile and not rigid which restrict their manufacturing processes. To minimize many such problems, excimer lasers and femtosecond lasers have been used for the precise micromachining of Bio-MEMS, the details of which are discussed in this paper.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

excimer laser, femtosecond laser, micromachining, polymers, MEMS, Bio-MEMS

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Aadhunik sahitya mein naari chetna

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Aadhunik sahitya mein naari chetna

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has significantly advanced the quality of automated translation by leveraging deep learning architectures such as encoder-decoder models with attention mechanisms. However, most NMT systems rely heavily on large-scale parallel corpora, making them less effective for low-resource languages where annotated bilingual data is scarce. This paper investigates the key challenges associated with NMT for low-resource languages, including data sparsity, vocabulary limitations, domain mismatch, and evaluation difficulties. It further explores effective solutions proposed in prior research, such as data augmentation through back-translation, transfer learning from high-resource languages, multilingual NMT, subword modeling, and the use of linguistic knowledge. By reviewing established techniques and architectures developed before 2018, the paper highlights how these approaches help mitigate data scarcity and improve translation quality. The study emphasizes that combining multiple strategies--particularly multilingual learning and synthetic data generation--offers promising performance gains for low-resource settings. Overall, this work provides a concise and structured overview of NMT methodologies for low-resource languages and serves as a useful reference for researchers and practitioners working in this domain

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Neural Machine Translation, Low-Resource Languages, Encoder-Decoder Model, Attention Mechanism, Back-Translation, Transfer Learning, Multilingual NMT, Data Augmentation, Machine Translation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present investigation was carried out at Banana Research Station, Nanded. "Studies on plant geometry and levels of potassium on growth, yield and quality of banana (Musa acuminata L.)", for two trial years. In the present experiment, there were four main treatments of plant density, viz. D1 (1.5 m x 1.2 m), D2 (1.5 m x 1.5 m), D3 (1.5 m x 1.8 m) and D4 (1.5 m x 2.1 m), three sub- treatment of potassium levels, viz. K1 (100 g K2 O/plant), K2 (200 g K2O/plant), K3 (300 g K2O/plant) and thus comprising twelve treatment combinations. From the results obtained in the present investigation, it can be revealed that the lowest acidity (0.085%) was recorded in D3 1.5 m x 1.8 m (3,703 plants/ha) which was at par (0.089%) with D2 1.5 m x 1.5 m (4,444 plants/ha), the highest acidity (0.110%) was noted in D1 1.5 m x 1.2 m (5,555 plants/ha). The effect of potassium levels on acidity in pooled was found to be non-significant. In the interaction effect the lowest acidity (0.064%) was equally recorded in three treatments D2K2 (1.5, x 1.5, at 200 g K2O/plant) D3K3 (1.5 m x 1.8 mm at 300 g K2O/plant), D4K1(1.5mx 2.1m at 100 g K2O/plant), which was at par (0.0075%) with D2K3 (1.5 m x 1.5 mm at 300 g K2O/plant) and then equally at par (0.085%) with three treatments D1K2 (1.5 m x 1.2 m at 200 g K2O/plant)D3K1 (1.5 m x 2.1 m at 100 g K2O/plant) D4K2 (1.5 m x 2.1 m at 200 g K2O/plant)at a time and lastly at par (107%) with D3K2 (1.5 m x 1.8 mm at 200 g K2O/plant). The highest acidity (0.128%) was recorded equally In three treatment D1K3 (1.5 m x 1.2 m at 300 g K2O/plant), D2K1 (1.5, x 1.5m at 100 g K2O/plant) D4K3 (1.5 m x 2.1 m at 300 g K2O/plant) at a time and which is significantly at par (0.117%) with D1K1 (1.5 m x 1.2 m at 100 g K2O/plant).

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Study of Levels of Potassium and Plant Geometry on Acidity of Banana (Musa acuminata L.) cv. Ardhapuri

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The banking sector has undergone a significant transformation with the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Prior to AI adoption, many banks faced challenges such as inefficient manual processes, inadequate risk management, loan processing , credit scoring, poor customer experience and major cyber crime issues. However, AI has emerged as a game-changer, enabling banks to streamline operations, improve customer service, enhance security, personalize offerings, fraud detection, ROI maximization and tailor solutions. This research explores the current state of AI in banking and financial services, as well as how AI can overcome cyber crime in banks with the help of cyber security wing. Stepping up AI adoption it will predict online frauds, loan defaults by using AI algorithms and to train the data to learn how to respond to different situations. The AI industry in India is expected to reach$7.8 billion by 2026, with a significant chunk of this investment coming from the banking sector. This study also gives an insight into the positive and negative impact of an Artificial Intelligence in Indian Banking Industries and also cyber crime issues related to banking sector. This paper gives the detail of the descriptive nature of customer awareness And perception toward the Artificial intelligence

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Banking, Financial Services, Security, CyberCrime

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Rohinton Mistry's Such a Long Journey (1991) is a seminal work in Indian English literature, narrating the plight of the middle-class Parsi protagonist Gustad Noble amidst the socio-political turbulence of 1970s Bombay. The novel is a rich interplay of private loss and public betrayal, examining how personal lives are deeply impacted by the larger forces of history and politics. This paper investigates how Mistry portrays the decay of urban life, the erosion of moral and political ideals, and the spiritual crisis faced by the individual. It also situates the novel within the broader framework of postcolonial literature, exploring its thematic complexity, historical consciousness, and literary craftsmanship. Through a close reading of the text and engagement with secondary scholarship, the paper offers a comprehensive understanding of Such a Long Journey as both a historical document and a humanist narrative.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Urban Disillusionment and Political Betrayal in Rohinton Mistry's Such a Long Journey

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The movement for the unification of Karnataka was a historic and transformative process aimed at integrating all Kannada-speaking regions into one administrative entity. The unification movement, spanning several decades, culminated in 1956 with the establishment of Karnataka state, reshaping the political, cultural, and social landscape of the region. This article presents a qualitative analysis of the significance of this movement, delving into its causes, the challenges encountered, the post-unification scenario, and suggestions for the region's future growth. By exploring the intricacies of the movement and its aftermath, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of the unification on Karnataka's identity, unity, and development.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Unification, Karnataka, Kannada, Language Movement, Political Integration, Cultural Identity, Regional Politics, Social Harmony, Challenges, Post-Unification Development

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition