Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Women Empowerment is a multifaceted concept which promotes the role and power of women in various spheres of life- from personal autonomy to economic stability and political representation. It is an inclusive concept which talks about creating a society where women can take decisions, exercise their rights and have access to opportunities and resources. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, a landmark policy with a vision of complete rejuvenation of education system in India has acknowledged that education is a powerful weapon for promoting gender equality and women empowerment. The policy advocates for a safe and secure learning environment in schools for girls including improved infrastructure (provisions of sanitation and toilets), provision of bicycles, scholarships for meritorious students etc. The formation of Gender-Inclusion Fund is proposed by NEP 2020 for financial assistance in quality education for girls and transgender. The Government of Bihar in the last few years has been making concerned efforts for women empowerment which includes 50% reservation of women in Panchayati Raj which was the pioneer in the entire country, 35% reservation in government jobs, various schemes such as Mukhyamantri Balika Poshak Yojana, Mukhya Mantri Kanya Uthan Yojana, Jeevika ,HUNAR and AUZAR schemes etc. Through this paper the researcher has attempted to explore the initiatives taken by the government of Bihar for promoting women empowerment in the light of NEP 2020 with the help of secondary sources of data.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Women Empowerment, NEP 2020, Bihar

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper introduces a fresh take on keeping files safe in the cloud. We've designed a system that combines QR codes for a multi-party authentication process with an encryption method boosted by random noise. Built with a user-friendly Streamlit web interface and a dependable PostgreSQL database, our system uses ChaCha20 encryption, made even stronger by adding noise images that act as extra security keys. When someone uploads a file, it's locked up tight with a key created from three unique strings--one for the user, one for an admin, and one for a token. These strings are turned into QR codes and shared among different people, so you need all three to unlock the file. Our thorough testing shows that this setup is fast, can grow with demand, and stands up well to all sorts of attacks, even those that might come from quantum computers down the road. By mixing in noise to make encryption trickier to crack, we've crafted a practical, future-ready way to secure cloud storage.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cloud storage, multi-party authentication, QR codes, noise-enhanced encryption, ChaCha20, cybersecurity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Sundarbans, located in the deltaic region of West Bengal, India, is a critical ecological zone and the mangrove forest in this region act as a natural defense against cyclonic hazards emanating from the Bay of Bengal. Mangrove forests in this region serve as a vital buffer, dissipating wave energy, mitigating storm surges, and reducing coastal erosion. Mangroves also can act as a carbon sink by capturing and storing atmospheric carbon di oxide in the coastal mudflats. Thus carbon stored in coastal ecosystems is known as blue carbon. Due to their high carbon sequestration capabilities, mangroves are considered an important element to mitigate climate change. This study focuses on Chargheri settlement of Satjalia Island, a cyclone-prone region within the Sundarbans, to assess the role of mangrove plantations in environmental protection and community resilience. Using field surveys, interviews with local residents, and secondary data, the study highlights the significant contributions of mangrove restoration projects in reducing the impacts of cyclones such as Aila (2009), Amphan (2020), and Yaas (2021). The findings demonstrate that mangrove plantations not only mitigate physical damage but also enhance biodiversity and provide economic benefits through improved livelihoods. The present study focuses on the participatory approaches of the locals and also on the restoration of sustainable practices to harness the full potential of mangroves to reduce disaster risks in the coastal regions.

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 Keywords

Sundarbans of West Bengal, plantation of mangroves, storm mitigation, environmental protection, Carbon sink, Chargheri Village of Satjalia island, disaster resilience, carbon sequestration, climate change, coastal ecosystems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in utilizing machine learning techniques to identify medicinal plants. This paper presents an overview of the methodologies and advancements in the field of medicinal plant identification using machine learning techniques. The process involves feature extraction and classification using supervised learning techniques like Random Forest, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Deep Learning models. Furthermore, the paper highlights the importance of data augmentation, transfer learning, and model interpretability in improving the accuracy and reliability of medicinal plant identification systems. In addition to identification, our system incorporates a recommendation feature based on cosine similarity, which suggests similar medicinal plants based on textual input or plant properties, aiding users in discovering alternative options with similar therapeutic uses. To enhance accessibility and usability across diverse user groups, a translation module powered by the Google ML Kit Translation formation in multiple languages. Overall, our research demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of using machine learning techniques for the automated identification and recommendation of medicinal plants. By combining botanical knowledge with advanced computational methods, we pave the way for efficient, multilingual, and reliable identification systems, thereby encouraging the conservation and sustainable utilization of medicinal plant resources. Lastly, future directions and opportunities for research in this domain are proposed, emphasizing the integration of multi-modal data sources, development of user-friendly applications, and deployment of robust and scalable models for real-world applications in healthcare and conservation. Key Words - Machine Learning Algorithm, CNN, Google ML Kit, Cosine Similarity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Machine Learning Algorithm, CNN, Google ML Kit, Cosine Similarity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

An unsolicited means of digital communications in the internet world is the spam email, which could be sent to an individual or a group of individuals or a company. These spam emails may cause serious threat to the user i.e., the email addresses used for any online registrations may be collected by the malignant third parties (spammers) and they expose the genuine user to various kinds of attacks. Another method of spamming is by creating a temporary email register and receive emails that can be terminated after some certain amount of time. This method is well suited for misusing those temporary email addresses for sending free spam emails without revealing the spammers real account details. These attacks create major problems like theft of user credentials, lack of storage, etc. Hence it is essential to introduce an efficient detection mechanism through feature extraction classification for detecting spam emails and temporary email addresses. This can be accomplished through a novel Natural Language Processing based social media platform and email (NLP-RF) approach. With the help of our proposed approach, the spam emails are reduced and this method improves the accuracy of spam email filtering, since the use of NLP makes the system to detect the natural languages spoken by people and the Random Forest approach uses multiple decision trees and uses a random node for filtering the spams.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Email, Spam, Temporal email, Natural Language Processing, and social media platform

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The adoption of work-from-home (WFH) policies, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has transformed traditional work mode across industries. This shift has driven significant interest in understanding its effect on employee productivity and job satisfaction. This study explores how remote working mode influence individual and organizational outcomes, highlighting both benefits and challenges. Increased flexibility, reduced commuting time, and better work-life balance have generally contributed to higher job satisfaction for many employees. However, issues such as communication barriers, isolation, and difficulties in separating work from personal life can negatively affect productivity and mental well-being. The findings suggest that while WFH policies can enhance performance and morale when implemented effectively, they require careful planning, supportive management practices, and the right technological infrastructure. The study concludes with recommendations for organizations aiming to optimize remote work strategies to sustain employee engagement and operational efficiency

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Work from home, Productivity, Job satisfaction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

As we know that in 'Internal Combustion Engine' total heat supplied from fuel is not utilized to develop useful work. Out of total heat 20-30% heat is wasted in cooling medium such as water and 40-50% is wasted in exhaust gases. So, we have inherent scope to utilize this waste heat. In conventional system we are taking benefits of heat lost through exhaust gases with the help of turbocharger to supply compressed air to inlet manifold. So, there is no any system which uses heat wasted from cooling medium. With this paper, we tried to use that wasted heat from cooling medium for developing power with the help of turbine. In this system we are going to replace cooling water by appropriate refrigerant. Therefore, we are passing liquid refrigerant through cooling jacket of engine where this liquid refrigerant will absorb the heat from engine cylinder and get converted into vapour thus engine will get cooling effect. Therefore, we get vapour refrigerant with high temperature and pressure which would be useful to run a steam turbine. Before the turbine we used nozzle to convert pressure energy into kinetic energy in order to obtain required power from turbine. In the turbine the expansion of vapour refrigerant takes place and work get obtained from generator. The expanded refrigerant then further converted into liquid by passing through radiator/capillary tube. In radiator / capillary tube at proper pressure the refrigerant of vapour phase gets converted into liquid phase. This liquid refrigerant is further recycled for engine cooling (closed loop system). Thus, we have developed an efficient system for utilizing waste heat from cooling medium.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Waste Heat Recovery from IC Engine, Cooling Heat Recovery of IC Engine, Thermal Efficiency of IC engine, Overall efficiency of IC engine

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Surgical and chronic wounds often pose significant clinical challenges due to the risks of infection and delayed healing. While mupirocin is a widely used topical antibiotic effective against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, it lacks direct wound-healing properties. Sucralfate, traditionally employed for gastrointestinal ulcers, has demonstrated potent wound-healing capabilities through mechanisms such as angiogenesis, epithelialisation, and the stimulation of local growth factors. Recent studies have investigated the synergistic benefits of combining sucralfate with mupirocin to enhance healing outcomes in various wound types. Clinical evidence has shown that this combination significantly improves healing rates in chronic ulcers compared to mupirocin alone (41.3% vs. 18.18%, P = 0.022). Although some findings remain context-dependent, in diabetic foot ulcers, the dual-action therapy offers notable advantages: infection control via mupirocin and tissue regeneration via sucralfate. In the context of surgical wounds, sucralfate provides a protective barrier over incisions, reducing mechanical irritation and enhancing local growth factor activity. These properties contribute to improved epithelial regeneration and reduced healing time in post-operative settings. Mechanistically, this combination addresses two critical aspects of wound care, making it a promising approach for both acute and chronic wound management. Further large-scale and multicenter trials are warranted to validate its efficacy across broader patient populations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sucralfate, Mupirocin, Wound Healing, Angiogenesis, Surgical Site Infection, Chronic Ulcers, Combination Therapy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Any type of conflict, whether it is war, riots, ethnic strife, or armed conflict, comes from at least two groups involved in contesting powers, victories, and revengeful acts. In all of these conflicts, it is the male folk who initiate and actively get involved in the violent conflicts, resulting in damage, property loss, lives, and human atrocities in various dimensions. It has come to the serious observation that women and female genders have always been the softest and harshest targets for atrocities. Men often assume that a violent conflict gives them the opportunity and liberty to prey on women's bodies. Histories of violence from around the world have witnessed a wide scale of sexual violence against women, and even girls as minors are not being spared. The aftermath implications of violence seem to be reeling, as the internally displaced community, especially the female gender, faces more hardship than the male folk in the course of the proper rehabilitation and settlement process. The paper aims to present the intensity and nature of atrocities that women and girls have to go through in conflict violence, citing cases from international to North-East India contexts. It also wants to derive the reasons and motives behind the various types of sexual atrocities committed on women and girl children by the male folk. The paper will also analyze and list several hurdles and challenges that the female gender faced in the course of being an internally displaced community, as caused by the violent conflicts.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Female Gender, Women & Girls, Sexual violence and atrocities, Conflicts and Violence, internally displaced people (IDP)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This project introduces an AI-powered real-time video captioning system that enhances accessibility and engagement by leveraging Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) to improve caption accuracy, synchronization, and multi-language support. This system will benefit content creators, educators, and enterprises.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

ASR, NLP, Hugging Face Transformers, FastAPI, FFmpeg, PostgreSQL, Streamlit.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition