Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Arundhati Roy's *The God of Small Things* (1997) intricately examines the consequences of forbidden desire within the context of postcolonial India, particularly through the lens of rigid caste structures, gendered oppression, and familial expectations. Central to Roy's narrative is the concept of the "Love Laws" -- the societal and cultural rules that dictate "who should be loved, and how. And how much." These invisible yet brutal codes govern personal lives, criminalize love across boundaries, and precipitate tragic downfall. This paper investigates how the "Love Laws" in Roy's novel not only regulate human relationships but also reflect the broader politics of forbidden desire. It analyzes the intertwined fates of Ammu and Velutha, the silent traumas of Estha and Rahel, and the subtle critique Roy levels against the colonial and patriarchal legacies that continue to haunt modern India. Through a multidisciplinary approach combining literary criticism, postcolonial theory, and feminist analysis, this research explores how personal acts of rebellion against the "Love Laws" ultimately reshape, damage, or destroy the lives of individuals. In doing so, it argues that *The God of Small Things* positions forbidden desire as both an act of radical defiance and a catalyst for inevitable ruin, highlighting the tragic impossibility of love in a world circumscribed by social, historical, and cultural violence

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 Keywords

Key words:Forbidden Desire,Love Laws,Postcolonial India,Caste and Gender,Familial Oppression,Radical Defiance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In this paper, Strengthening Women's Safety with Raspberry Pi and IoT Technology is a smart safety system designed to enhance protection for women using advanced IoT solutions. At the core of the system is a Raspberry Pi, which serves as the central processor. A camera module is connected to the Raspberry Pi, and an emergency switch is included for quick activation in critical situations. Upon pressing the emergency switch, the system immediately activates the camera to capture both images and video of the surroundings. The captured media is then sent to the registered email address, providing instant remote awareness to a designated recipient. The system goes beyond image capture by recording a short video clip, offering a more detailed account of the surroundings that might be missed with a static image alone. In addition to this, a buzzer is triggered to alert nearby individuals, and a shock mechanism is employed as an added layer of security to deter potential attackers. This multi-layered approach ensures both real-time alerts and physical deterrents, making PiGuard a robust and proactive solution for women's safety.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Raspberry Pi, Women safety, Inverter, Shock Mechanism, Mail alert.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The global reliance on fossil fuels has intensified the need for sustainable energy solutions, with solar energy standing out for its abundance and scalability. This study presents the design, development, and evaluation of a dual-axis solar tracking device integrated with cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to optimize energy efficiency. The system comprises a client-side solar tracking unit and a cloud-based server, communicating via GPRS to track the sun using astronomical algorithms. A prototype was constructed and tested in Tianjin, China, achieving a 46.6% increase in energy output compared to a fixed photovoltaic (PV) panel. The IoT framework enables real-time data exchange, centralized control, and scalability, positioning the system as a promising solution for intelligent renewable energy systems.

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 Keywords

Renewable energy; solar tracking; web technology; cloud computing, IoT

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Tecoma gaudichaudii, a member of the Bignoniaceae family, has gained attention for its diverse pharmacological properties. Traditionally used in herbal therapy, this plant has possible antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Phytochemical research shows the existence of flavonoids, tannins, steroids, saponins, and triterpenes, which enhance its therapeutic efficacy. Studies have shown its antioxidant activity by means of tests including the DPPH radical scavenging technique, revealing significant free radical neutralization. Tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Escherichia coli, ethanolic extracts show significant inhibitory zones reflecting its antimicrobial properties. Tecoma gaudichaudii has also showed potential in antidiabetic uses, with research suggesting it may boost insulin production and control glucose metabolism. Notwithstanding these encouraging results, further molecular investigations and clinical trials are needed to confirm its pharmacological potential. A good contender for drug development and integrative medicine, the plant shows a broad spectrum of medicinal uses with its bioactive chemicals. To prove its usefulness in contemporary pharmacology, further studies should concentrate on mechanistic routes, dose optimization, and safety profiles.

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 Keywords

Tecoma gaudichaudii, Antioxidant, herbal therapy, antimicrobial, antidiabetic

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Water pollution in rural water bodies has become a critical concern, affecting ecosystem balance, community health, and local agriculture. This paper presents a cost-effective, Bluetooth-controlled village pond cleaning system powered by Arduino. The proposed system integrates a conveyor belt-based waste collection mechanism, DC motors, and the HC-05 Bluetooth module to automate the cleaning process. A smartphone application allows for real-time control and monitoring of the cleaner. By leveraging embedded technology, the solution improves pond hygiene, reduces manual effort, and enhances rural sustainability. Field trials demonstrate increased cleaning efficiency, reduced human labor, and improved water quality. The system's scalability and low-cost architecture make it a promising solution for rural and urban aquatic environments.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pond Cleaner, Arduino, Bluetooth Module, Automation, Rural Water Management, Embedded Systems

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rights of indigenous peoples to their land and ancestral homelands are a common focus of indigenous struggles all over worldwide. All human societies have established various institutions to address recurring basic problems in social life. It is possible to view traditional institutions as organisation founded on tradition and custom. Scheduled tribes in India have remained on the periphery of growth, but this is less of a problem in the Northeastern regions where the majority of the population is tribal. As a result, there has been an increase in interest in the Sixth Schedule, which is a special constitutional provision that pertains to these regions and recognizes the right of tribal communities to own and control their land and natural resources. Political institution establishes the proper way to govern and how the ruled should treat their rulers. The development of the Khasi people is intricately intertwined with the formation of their traditional political system, which has been passed down through generations. It is still important to take into consideration the Traditional Institutions and leadership that exist in these countries. There is a fact that is of great historical, political, and sociological significance, and that is the emergence of politics as the dominant theme of the new nations, as well as the increasing politicalization of individuals and their groups within these societies. Despite the fact that the traditional system of local governance has been around since the beginning of human history, it has only recently made its way into the wider academic discourse. This is because different societies have different social circumstances. The purpose of this paper is to present a study that examines the socio-political aspects of the Khasi community in the state of Meghalaya, as well as the challenges and opportunities inherent in the administration of the Autonomous District Council

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 Keywords

Meghalaya, Traditional Institution, Sixth Schedule

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Skin cancer remains one of the most common and deadly cancers globally, making early detection vital for effective treatment. This study presents an automated skin cancer detection system using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), specifically a pre-trained ResNet50 model with transfer learning. Dermoscopic images are preprocessed with techniques like resizing, normalization, and data augmentation to improve model performance. The system, enhanced with regularization methods, is deployed via web and mobile applications to ensure broad accessibility. Evaluation results show high accuracy and practical usability, demonstrating the potential of deep learning for accessible and reliable dermatological diagnostics.

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 Keywords

Skin Cancer Detection, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Dermoscopic Images, Deep Learning, ISIC Dataset, Transfer Learning, Mobile Application, Web Deployment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Stress is a critical factor that affects both mental and physical well-being and has become increasingly prevalent in modern society. Prolonged exposure to stress can lead to a range of health issues including anxiety, depression, cardiovascular problems, and decreased productivity. Traditional stress detection methods such as self-reported questionnaires and physiological monitoring are often subjective, intrusive, or require specialized equipment, making them unsuitable for real-time applications. This paper presents a novel, non-invasive approach for detecting stress using a combination of machine learning algorithms and image processing techniques. Specifically, the system employs Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to analyze facial expressions, which are rich indicators of emotional and mental states. These expressions are processed in real-time using OpenCV and served through a Flask-based web application. The proposed system provides accurate emotion classification and maps these emotions to corresponding stress levels. It holds promising potential for use in various applications such as mental health monitoring, workplace wellness programs, and educational settings. The model's performance, scalability, and real-time capability make it a strong candidate for practical implementation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Stress Detection, Machine Learning, CNN, Image Processing, Emotion Recognition, Real-Time Monitoring

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: Literature has historically acted as a mirror to society, showcasing the cultural, social, and historical contexts of its era. As the world changes, so does the structure and influence of literature. The introduction of digital technologies, including social media platforms, e-books, and online forums, has significantly transformed the realm of literary expression and consumption. This paper investigates how these digital instruments are redefining English literature, providing new avenues for accessibility and engagement while concurrently challenging conventional forms of literary practice. The emergence of social networking platforms like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp has changed how literary works are shared, discussed, and critiqued. In the current fast-paced environment, people often struggle to allocate time for the meticulous study of traditional literary works, resulting in a decrease in the impact of printed books, newspapers, and magazines. Conversely, digital reading typically conducted on computer screens or mobile devices has become standard, and the experience of straight, solitary reading is increasingly being substituted with more interactive, fragmented styles of consumption. Literary conversations are now occurring instantaneously on blogs, social media, and various online platforms, facilitating the immediate exchange of ideas and viewpoints on a broad range of subjects, from politics to philosophy to literature itself. While some contend that this digital shift has enhanced literary dialogue and broadened access to literature, others argue that the quality of literary works is declining due to the brevity and fast consumption of content, such as six-word novels, hypertext, flash fiction, and microfiction. This study explores the significant transformations in English literature that have emerged from globalization, technological advancements, and the evolving dynamics of how we read, write, and communicate in the digital era. Furthermore, this paper will analyze how these digital shifts are impacting traditional literary elements such as narrative structure, character development, setting, theme, and style, and consider the implications for literary analysis and appreciation in the digital age.

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 Keywords

Digital Literature, Literary Engagement, Online Discourse, Literary Elements (Digital Impact), Digital Age, Reading Transformation

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 Abstract

The research addresses the application of AI-based hyper-personalization for driving customer engagement, satisfaction, and loyalty in the retail segment. Retailers can design end-to-end tailored experiences and drive loyalty with the capabilities of machine learning and data analytics. Supply chain operations are streamlined through better inventory control, logistics and warehouse operations with the support of AI. The study also calls for continuous optimization with the help of AI and data privacy. Retailers can remain ahead, optimize operational performance, and fulfil the expectations of the customer better, ultimately leading towards the long-term success of the retail segment with the introduction of AI through touchpoints.

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 Keywords

Customer satisfaction, Data analytics, AI-driven hyper-personalization, Customer engagement, Competitive advantage, Retail sector, Supply chain efficiency, Machine learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition