Volume 5 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Postcolonialism includes a vast array of writers and subjects. In fact, the very different geographical, historical, social, religious, and economic concerns of the different ex-colonies dictate a wide variety in the nature and subject of most postcolonial writing. African literature represents the writings of African nations living on African soil reflecting the African native sensibility and atmosphere. The paper discusses that the variation between before and after colonialism. The author lived in the period of colonial how he represents the ideas and thoughts in his novel The River Between .The presenter shows that he is Postcolonialist.

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 Keywords

Postcolonialism, circumcision, indigenous , Kameno and Makuyu

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Gloria Naylor, an observed African American author, set up her own way of life as a female too as a dark ladies essayist, with outrageous condition of noticeable quality in African American writing. She has reliably delineated through her arrangement of compositions her vision of he world in which individual stand up to insidious and an existence of fantasy and misery. She is properly perceived for standing up the privileges of ladies and furthermore other social issues. Naylor sensibly depicts the shifted lives of African Americans, especially her minority and a lady in a Caucasian, male-dominated society. Naylor in her novel The Women of Brewster Place depicts the predicament of the extraordinary trying lady of the century, yearning to break out of her cramping part in the public eye and content with her male partner on a balance of balance. The characters of Naylor consummately fit in the picture of a struggler and survivor.

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 Keywords

feminist, oppression, victim, tradition, racism and sexism

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Siddhartha is one of the most influential and Nobel prize-winning, German author Hermann Hesse. In this novel, Hesse explores the influence of Indian Philosophy. The novel was set in India, Hesse interest in the conflict between mind, body and spirit are projected in it. Though the novel Siddhartha, Hesse has searched for truth, for self- liberation and self-actualization. The title Siddhartha has its origin in Sanskrit language, which is siddha and artha. The word siddha means achieved and artha means what was searched for. Put together it means how the person has found meaning or he has attained his goals. Siddhartha Gautama was an old name of the Buddha, before his renunciation the Buddha was referred to as Gotama. Hesse explains the quest for identity through the character of Siddhartha in the novel Siddhartha.

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 Keywords

indulgence, Mortification, enlightenment, intransigent, camaraderie

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The post colonial, postmodern world is one where myriad worlds and experiences flow, seeping into each other as there are no boundaries or barriers anymore. Today the world is a globalized world where borders have ceased to exist. All concepts of conventionality and rules are broken, and new ones created to give expression to this new phenomenon of rule breaking and free world. Art and literature of this modern world also reflects this trend as is evident in the fiction of Salman Rushdie. The present study attempts to focus on the certain aspects of postmodern perspective in the novel Shalimar the Clown.Rushdie's most acclaimed work has been hailed for envisioning an interface between the postmodern and the postcolonial. Both postcolonialism and postmodernism are concerned with the idea of authority. While the former tries to debunk strictures of imperial authority, the latter makes an attempt to debunk authority in general. Postmodernism and postcolonialism are similar in their concerns with decentring, subverting the dominant discourse and interrogating metanarratives. As a result, it is the marginal and the ex-centric that assumes new significance.

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experiences,trend,post modernism,rule,postcolonialism

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This article gives the story of the author. The Portrait of the Lady draws a pen portrait of his grandmother. He beautifully unfolds his relationship with her, while describing her appearance and daily activities.The author recalls his grandmother as a very old lady with a wrinkled face. She appeared so old that it is hard for him to believe that she has once been “young and pretty”. She is short, fat and a little stooped in appearance. The author remembers her moving about the house in “spotless white”, counting the beads of her rosary while her lips moved constantly in silent prayers.She is so old that her face is wrinkled that at the present it is difficult to believe she would ever has been young and pretty.

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 Keywords

Religious, pious, traditional, relationship

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Alice Malsenior Walker (February 9, 1944) is an African American author and feminist whose most famous novel, She focus on the struggles of African-Americans, particularly African-American women, against societies that are racist, sexist, and often violent. Her most famous work, the award-winning and best-selling novel The Color Purple, chronicles the life of a poor and abused southern black woman who eventually triumphs over oppression through affirming female relationships.The novel depicts in an epistolary manner thirty years of struggle in the life of Celie, a poor southern black woman who is victimized physically and emotionally both by her stepfather and her husband, Albert. While in her teen ages, Celie is repeatedly raped by her stepfather who sold the two children she bore of him. Celie is eventually placed into a loveless marriage with Albert, a widower who for the next three decades subjects her to beatings and psychological torments. Celie writes letters describing her ordeal to God and to her sister, Nettie, who escapes a similar fate by serving as a missionary in Africa. At the end of the novel, she begins her journey from powerlessness to the state of full empowerment and from self-abnegation to self-recognition.

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oppression,marginalization,violence,sex,empowerment,identity,freedom

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Alienation deals with a low level of integration or common value and a high level of isolation and distance between individual and society. Herzog is a portrayal of the alienated American Jewish intellectual in search of identity. The novel describes the suffering of modern intellectuals, their nihilistic, confused and corrupting moral status which is evident from the commonly existed spiritual crisis in society. Herzog is Bellow’s modern man, depicting the possibilities of the individual in contemporary society. Continually, he is assailed by neuroses and forces beyond his control, and he must struggle to maintain his identity and his humanity.

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 Keywords

identity,alienation,struggle, society, relationship

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Literature is an echo of emotions and when it emotes sorrow and misery, it resonates so loudly that it rings in the minds of the multitude. Dalit literature reverberates the crisis of the cornered and records the trials and tribulations of the Dalits. This paper showcases the literature of the downtrodden and portrays the emancipation of Dalits with reference to Sivagami’s novel Grip of Change. Social crisis such as discrimination, casteism, Sexual harassment, exploitation of women, intra- dalit strife and so on are discussed as depicted in the novel. The paper throws light upon the author’s remedial measures of the social crisis such as unity, inter –caste marriage, good leadership and education. Thus in the lives of dalits, as like food; the fortitude to fight, the unity to stand up; the courage to withstand, the education to enrich; the leadership to light; the faith to face the failure and the hope to hold on to life; are inevitable.

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 Keywords

Violence,sex,slavery,crisis,trials,exploitation

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Night of the Scorpion explores the benign love of mother. Images are the interpretation of good and bad, rationalisn and superstition, intelligence and ignorance. Humane is seen through the words of mother the very image of love. Developement in the mind of child is seen with the development of society. Father's helplessness is the helpness of the people in the society. Indian philosophy of birth and death is presentd here. Reference of ten hours and twenty hours again depecit the culture of indians who rely on time for all the acts and deed on life. The poem starts with dialobic act of the scorpion which is the christian faith of the author where the necessary for redemption of Jesus starts with the committed sin of Adam and Eve who ate the forbitten fruit. Villagers chants which had no effect on the authors mother are like the words of prophets and messiah which has not effect on the human being the sinners of the earth. Suffering in this world are like the wax applied on the authors mother that burns her along with the pain of the sting in her body.

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 Keywords

love ,image, rationalism, thank God, scorpion

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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 Keywords

Trauma, explore ,suffering, oppression, self, identity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition