Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Agriculture plays a vital role in meeting the increasing food demand of the growing population. However, traditional farming methods often require extensive manual labor and time, which can reduce overall efficiency. To address these challenges, this paper presents the design and development of a Solar Powered Multi-Purpose Agricultural Robot capable of performing multiple farming operations such as seed sowing, water spraying, grass cutting, and land drilling. The proposed system is powered by a rechargeable battery supported by solar energy, making it an energy-efficient and eco-friendly solution. The robot is controlled using an Arduino-based control system integrated with motor drivers, DC gear motors, and a Bluetooth communication module for wireless operation. A rocker-bogie wheel mechanism is implemented to enable smooth movement across uneven agricultural terrain. The system also incorporates a seed dispensing unit, water pumping mechanism, and a high-torque motor for grass cutting operations. Experimental testing of the prototype demonstrated stable movement, reliable wireless control, and effective execution of farming tasks under normal field conditions. The developed robot reduces human effort, saves time, and improves operational efficiency in small-scale agricultural activities. This system provides a cost-effective approach toward smart farming and can be further enhanced with advanced technologies such as IoT-based monitoring and autonomous navigation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Agricultural Robot, Solar Power, Smart Farming, Seed Sowing, Water Spraying, Grass Cutting, Arduino Uno, Bluetooth Control, Automation, Precision Agriculture

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This article in a comparative and contrasting manner, covers the two prominent types of banks in India, viz. the public and the private banks, and the emphasis here is on the attitudes of the two types of banks towards the corporate social responsibility (CSR). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) forms a critical aspect of good corporate governance and the banking sector leads in this segment due to the implications that the sector holds in terms of societal development. As the public sector banks (PSBs) are owned by the government, their corporate social responsibility (CSR) activity has a greater chance of covering national development aspirations such as education, infrastructure in the rural areas, and financial inclusion. Conversely, the banks in the private sector are more strategic, and brand image, environmental sustainability, innovation with regards to digital literacy and improvement in health act as their core drive. This paper looks at the similarities and differences between the CSR approaches of the two sectors and brings out the major differences in the approaches used, the allocation of resources, and the means of assessing the benefits and analysing its usefulness. These findings confirm that PvSBs can be more flexible, innovative, and even orient corporate social responsibility (CSR) towards the demands of business rather than being too closely attached to hierarchical and process-oriented paradigms such is the case with PSBs. To enforce greater CSR practice, the paper also addresses the challenges that both industries experience and proposes ways in which the two industries can collaborate and incorporate the sustainable development goals. A still further in-depth understanding of the phenomena of CSR in the sphere of the Indian banking industry can be attained with the assistance of the given comparative analysis.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Corporate Social Responsibility, Public Sector Banks, Private Sector Banks, India, Banking Sector, CSR Implementation, Sustainable Development, Financial Inclusion, CSR Impact, Strategic CSR.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Magical realism is one of the literary genres. The use of magical realism is strongly observed among Latin American writers. Since the seventies and eighties, magical realism has had a strong influence on international literature and later it started to be seen in Bengali literature as well.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Magical reality, Latin America, Paranormal, Ring, Mysticism, Devil, Satire, Angel, Invisible

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In today's digital world, freelancing has become an important source of income for many professionals, while businesses depend on freelancers for short-term and project-based work. However, existing freelancing platforms often face problems such as lack of trust, delayed payments, poor communication, and complex processes. To overcome these issues, the proposed system "Freelancers Marketplace" provides a secure and centralized web-based platform that connects clients and freelancers efficiently. The system allows clients to post projects, review freelancer proposals, communicate project-wise, and make secure payments. Freelancers can browse projects, submit proposals, manage their work, and receive payments through a wallet-based coin system. An admin module is included to monitor users, projects, and transactions. The proposed system improves transparency, reduces manual effort, and ensures smooth collaboration between clients and freelancers.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Project Posting, Proposal Handling, Secure Wallet Payment, Centralized Communication, Admin Monitoring

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Pond soil and aquatic weeds play a vital role in maintain freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity, providing essential resources for drinking water, irrigation, and fish farming. This study was conducted at Khop Taal pond in Chhatarpur district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The objective was to examine seasonal changes in soil characteristics and aquatic weed dynamics. Five sampling sites were selected in different zones such as near the agricultural area (S1), Fort (S2), Khop village (S3), Niwari village (S4), and Pump house (S5). The study spanned two years, from November 2022 to October 2024, spanning the winter, summer, and monsoon seasons, to understand changes over time. Soil samples collected from all sites were analyzed for physicochemical parameters, including Texture, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Chloride, Total Alkalinity, Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulfate, Sodium, and Potassium. Aquatic weeds were sampled using the quadrat method to determine species density and distribution. Six main species were identified such as Alternanthera blitum, Cyperus rotundus, Ipomoea aquatica, Nelumbo nucifera, Pistia crassipes, and Trapa natans. The results revealed seasonal fluctuations in soil quality and weed abundance and their impact on ecological characteristics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Khop Taal, Soil Texture, Physicochemical, AquaticWeeds, Ecology.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The mass media have seen a drastic evolution in the last few years, with a shift of power from traditional television to the rapidly growing Over-the-Top (OTT) streaming platforms. Traditional television was considered the most powerful and Dominant medium to shape opinions and create awareness. The emergence of OTT or digital platforms has changed the audience's consumption from following a schedule for watching content to on-demand content access, multi-screen consumption, and algorithm-driven content delivery. This Study focuses on the Structural, technological, and Industrial shift from television to OTT platforms through the theoretical concepts like Media Dependency theory, Uses and Gratification Theory, Technological Determinism, and Participatory Culture. It also critically analyses the changing revenue pattern, like SVOD and AVOD, and the change in content production, Localization, and differences between the OTT Originals and Television Serials. The study examines the shifting audience behavior based on binge-watching, multi-screen viewing, and shifting viewing habits. It underscores cultural globalization by way of global content consumption, heightened social representation, and new regulatory frameworks. Other ethical issues examined in the study include the privacy of data, bias in algorithms, corporate concentration, and political influence. It concludes by stating that television is changing into a platform-based system, and the future of mass media is a hybrid system, personalized, AI-driven, and globally connected.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Television, OTT platforms, On Demand, Mass Media Evolution, Theoretical Concepts, Participatory culture, The Medium is the Message, Subscription model, Localization, Mass media, binge-watching, AI-driven Algorithm, Hybrid Model.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Dysmenorrhoea is a common condition and refers to painful menses (menstruation) with severe cramping affecting the lower part of the abdomen which is a common complaint among adolescents and women of reproductive age. The pain is described as a sharp, intermittent and spasmodic pain and can be classified as mild,moderate or severe.Pain starts several hours before or with the onset of menses and lasts for1-3days.The pain and frequency there of might decrease with age or after childbirth.This study was conducted with 30 samples(2ndsemesterB.Sc.Nursing students)in quantitative approaches, Quasi experimental with one group pre -test post-test design, sampling selection was done by purposive sampling technique. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit the knowledge of 2nd semester B.Sc. Nursing student.at IGKC College of Nursing, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. This study was revealed that nursing students according to the findings, in pretest 20% nursing students had poor knowledge and 80% had average knowledge, in post-test 33.33% had average knowledge and 66.67% had good knowledge. The mean knowledge score of pre -test is 11.1 and standard deviation was 2.07. the paired "t" value is 23.18 and "p" value is 0.05.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Assess,Effectiveness,structured teaching programme,knowledge, Dysmenorrhea ,B.Sc. Nursing students

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Work-life balance has become an important factor influencing employee productivity and organizational performance in modern workplaces. This study examines the impact of work-life balance strategies on employee performance in the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). The research is based on primary data collected from 110 employees through a structured questionnaire. Various statistical tools such as percentage analysis, Chi-square test, Likert scale, and mean ranking method were used to analyse the data. The findings reveal that heavy workload and lack of organizational support are the major factors affecting work-life balance. The study concludes that effective work-life balance policies help improve employee satisfaction, reduce stress, and enhance productivity. Therefore, organizations should strengthen employee welfare measures and flexible work policies to improve overall performance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Work-Life Balance, Employee Performance, Insurance Sector, LIC Employees

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Parenting plays a very important role in shaping child's psychological behaviour and emotional development. In developmental psychology, various types of parenting styles have been recognised. Among them, authoritative parenting style is being identified as most supportive parenting style. Despite, authoritative parenting style has been widely acknowledged by the parents, they experience practical difficulties in implementing authoritative parenting style consistently in their daily life. This study is to understand the challenges faced by the parents in the contemporary family context while practicing authoritative parenting. Qualitative research has been done to understand in depth lived experience of the parents in their parenting journey through a semi structured interview method. Data is thematically analysed to understand recurring pattern of challenges with respect to time constraints due to personal and professional life conflict,managing emotional regulation, difficulties in balancing warmth and behavioural control, and inconsistency in maintaining discipline. The study suggests although, the parents are aware about the importance of authoritative parenting due to external and internal stressors it creates a gap between parental ideal and actual parenting. It is very important to understand these challenges to develop counselling interventions, parent training programmes, family support system for promoting effective parenting strategies and build a strong parent child relationship.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Parental challenges, Authoritative Parenting, Emotional Regulation, Parental Stressors, Qualitative Research, Parent Child Interaction, Child development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Brand Storytelling, Consumer Preferences, Luxury Beauty Products, Brand Image, Emotional Connection, Consumer Buying Behaviour, Luxury Branding, Influencer Marketing, Digital Marketing Strategies

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition