Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Student participation plays a major role in meaningful learning. Still many classrooms rely on traditional teaching methods that limit student interaction and engagement. Activity-based Learning (ABL) can break the conventional classroom dynamics and provide an engaging and experiential one. This study tries to find out the perception of pre-service teachers toward Activity-Based Learning (ABL) and examines how it impacts students' classroom participation. The research was conducted in two stages. First, a survey was conducted to understand the level of awareness and attitude of pre-service teachers in using activity-based learning strategies. The second stage looked at the impact of activity-based learning through classroom observation made during school internship where student participation was observed before and after introducing activity-based activities in English lessons. The study also shows some gaps that exist in implementation of this theory into practical application in classrooms. The study as a whole looks at looks at the ability of activity-based learning in creating a more interactive classroom environment along with drawing attention to the importance of better teacher preparation and support for its effective implementation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Activity-Based Learning, Experiential Learning, Pre-service Teachers, Perception, Student Participation, Classroom Implementation, Challenges

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper discusses the psychological aspect of the cultural identity of The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri. The novel narrates the life of Gogol Ganguli, a second-generation immigrant that is brought up in the United States of America, with a father and a mother of Indian descent. Although most works deal with the theme of migration, naming, and generational conflict, this paper will look into the underlying psychological conflict that the protagonist in the story is undergoing. The cultural identity of the novel is not a social state alone, but also an inner emotional process that influences the life of the main hero.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

The psychology of cultural identity in The Namesake

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cinema has been a powerful medium for raising awareness and educating the public about various psychological issues and societal taboos. Recently, Assamese cinema has transitioned from a focus on romance to a broader range of genres, such as horror, comedy, action, thriller, satire, and drama. This change has led to the emergence of films that tackle psychological concepts, particularly within the experimental genre. Over the years, numerous filmmakers have produced impactful Assamese films that delve into psychological themes, earning recognition both nationally and internationally and bringing accolades to the state. This research paper seeks to analyze the psychological motifs, references, issues, and taboos presented in Assamese cinema. The findings indicate that filmmakers have explored significant psychological disorders and themes, including empty nest syndrome, vorarephilia, gender dysphoria, schizophrenia, loneliness, hope, resilience, stress, toxic masculinity, suicide, alcohol addiction, gambling, acceptance, conformity, social support, and quality of life, portraying them in creative and thought-provoking ways.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Assamese cinema, Psychology

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This article examines the Mughal Safavid conflict over Qandahar between 1595 and 1653, a prolonged contest that revealed how two early modern empires adapted their institutions, technologies and strategies to frontier war. Qandahar, situated at the crossroads of Iran, Central Asia and India was far more than a fortress. For the Mughals it was a defensive glacis protecting Kabul and Lahore. For the Safavids it was a patrimony unjustly alienated. Using chronicles, memoirs, travelogues and the work of modern scholars. This study argues that the conflict turned less on shared gunpowder technology than on divergent institutional frameworks, logistical capacities and styles of leadership. Mughal artillery and the Mansabdari system flourished in the plains of Hindustan but proved fragile in Afghanistan. Safavid reforms under Shah Abbas I and Shah Abbas II, though sustained by fewer resources created a disciplined army well suited to siege warfare and defence. By 1653 the fate of Qandahar was sealed in favour of Iran, illustrating the central role of geography, supply and cohesion in early modern imperial rivalry.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Qandahar, Mughal Empire, Gunpowder Empires, Siege craft, Logistics

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Infertility is a growing reproductive health issue affecting many couples worldwide. In Ayurveda, infertility is correlated with Vandhyatva, which occurs due to imbalance of Dosha, Dhatu and Artava. The present case study highlights the successful management of a 38-year-old female with primary infertility through Ayurvedic treatment. The patient had been trying to conceive for several years without success. After detailed Ayurvedic assessment, treatment including Shodhana and Shamana chikitsa along with lifestyle and dietary modifications was administered. Within three months of Ayurvedic treatment, the patient conceived naturally. This case demonstrates the potential effectiveness of Ayurvedic management in improving fertility outcomes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Primary infertility, Vandhyatva, Ayurveda, Artava Dushti, Ayurvedic management.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Bio-smart materials represent an advanced category of biomimetic restorative materials designed to imitate the structure and function of natural dental tissues while responding dynamically to changes in the oral environment. In Pediatric Dentistry, these materials exhibit properties such as fluoride and calcium ion release, remineralization potential, pH responsiveness, and adaptive mechanical behavior, thereby supporting minimally invasive and preventive treatment strategies. Their integration into restorative, preventive, orthodontic, and endodontic procedures enhances biocompatibility, clinical longevity, and overall treatment outcomes in children.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Biomimetics, Bio-smart materials, Pediatric dentistry, Remineralization, Smart restorative materials, minimally invasive dentistry.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

One of the most important ancient Hindu legal texts, the Manusmriti, has been at the center of arguments about gender, morals, and social order in India for a long time. Many people respect it as an important dharma??stra, but feminist research has shown that it is based on patriarchy and supports the idea that women should be subordinate to men. Using a feminist view, this paper looks at the misogynistic parts of Manusmriti by breaking down its rules on women's rights, behavior, and choice. It says that the text not only supports the idea that men should be in charge of women and women should rely on men, but it also makes it normal for women to be denied education, property rights, and independence. The study shows how the Manusmriti was used to make gender inequality official in religious and law systems by using feminist ideas about patriarchy, power, and resistance. At the same time, the paper looks at these rules in the context of their time and asks whether they were based on normative goals or social realities. The goal of this critical deconstruction is to show how the text has shaped gender discourse in South Asia for a long time and to make room for reinterpreting tradition in ways that question and break down misogynistic structures. In the end, the paper stresses how important it is to use feminist hermeneutics when reading classic texts again to question their authority and how they apply to current battles for gender justice.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Manusmriti, Misogyny, Feminist Critique, Patriarchy, Hindu Law, Gender Inequality, Women's Agency, Dharma??stra, Feminist Hermeneutics, Tradition and Modernity.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study looks at how gender fluidity is portrayed in modernist and contemporary fiction, redefining subjectivity, altering narrative form, and upending temporal structures. The study makes the case that gender fluidity serves not only as thematic representation but also as a structural principle that alters narrative logic through a thorough comparative analysis of Orlando by Virginia Woolf, Freshwater by Akwaeke Emezi, and Detransition, Baby by Torrey Peters. This study shows that fluid identities necessitate formal experimentation in time, voice, and relational structure, drawing on theories of gender performativity, queer temporality, and trans embodiment. Peters places fluid gender within neoliberal realism and modern kinship politics, Emezi undermines Western individualism through plural consciousness rooted in Igbo cosmology, and Woolf foreshadows later gender theory through temporal elasticity and androgyny. This paper uses close reading as its main methodology and combines textual analysis and theory to show how narrative form itself becomes a site of gender negotiation. In the end, the study suggests that literature actively contributes to the creative reconstruction of identity and social possibility rather than merely reflecting evolving conceptions of gender.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

performativity, gender fluidity, queer temporality, trans embodiment, narrative form, modernism, and comparative literature

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: Pancytopenia is not a disease entity but a triad of findings that may result from various disease processes, primarily or secondarily involving the bone marrow. Bone marrow aspiration plays an important role in identifying the various causes of pancytopenia. Hence the present study was undertaken to evaluate bone marrow findings in pancytopenia cases and causes of pancytopenia on the basis of bone marrow findings. Method: Total 50 patients of aged between 18-70 years presented with pancytopenia in the Department of Pathology, at SBKS MI&RC, Piparia during a period from September 2025 to December 2025 were enrolled and evaluated for physical findings, primary hematological investigation and bone marrow aspirations. Results: Commonest age group affected was 41-50 years (28%) with male predominance (68%). General weakness (90%) was the chief complaint and pallor (96%) was commonest physical finding. Megaloblastic anemia (48%) was the common cause of pancytopenia, followed by dimorphic anemia (18%). Lowest hemoglobin range was 3gms/dl-3.5gms/dl noted in case of nutritional and megaloblastic anemia. Lowest leukocyte count was 570cells/mm3 and noted inmegaloblastic anemia. Lowest platelet count was 10,000cells/mm3and noted in nutritional anemia. Hypercellular marrow was found in 41(82%) patients and common cause was megaloblastic anemia. Hypocellular marrow was seen in 4(8%) cases and normocellular marrow was seen in 5(10%) cases. Conclusion: Detailed primary hematological investigations along with bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in cytopenic patients is helpful for understanding of the disease process, to diagnose or to rule out the causes of cytopenia and helpful in planning further investigations and management of cytopenic patients.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pancytopenia; Bone marrow aspiration; Pallor; Megaloblastic; Anemia; Dimorphic; Hypercellular; Hypocellular

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper explores Hannibal Lecter and Will Graham's friendship in Hannibal, emphasising how the show presents their relationship. The article makes the case that the show's queer potential is revealed through the framework of deep homosocial closeness, rather than arguing over whether it confirms, rejects, or only suggests a gay relationship. It implies that their connection is in an unstable region between competitiveness, mentoring, confession, and romantic attachment, drawing on Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's notion of male homosocial desire. Though it never settles their connection inside a defined sexual identity, the series frequently stages emotional vulnerability in ways that mimic a love story, such as private therapy sessions, betrayal as anguish, and the climax cliff side embrace. This uncertainty is a literary technique rather than an absence. Despite the fact that both characters are matched with women, their emotional depth seems to take precedence over those relationships. Confession, acknowledgement, and mutual development are at the center of the show. Hannibal generates queer potential through ambiguity by letting connection develop through emotion, desire, and quiet rather than overt confession. The show shows how narrative ambiguity in high-end television may serve as a purposeful area where queerness circulates without being formally identified rather than as a means of avoidance.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

This paper explores Hannibal Lecter and Will Graham's friendship in Hannibal, emphasising how the show presents their relationship.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition