Volume 13 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Contraceptive use is a crucial aspect of reproductive health and family planning, significantly influencing maternal and child well-being. This study examines the prevalence of contraceptive use and the unmet need for family planning among eligible couples in West Bengal. By analysing socio-economic factors, educational background, cultural influences, and accessibility to contraceptive methods, the research identifies key barriers and facilitators affecting contraceptive adoption. The study highlights persistent challenges, including socio-economic disparities, misinformation, and limited healthcare access, which continue to hinder effective contraceptive use. Despite awareness initiatives and available services, a significant unmet need remains. The findings underscore the importance of a multi-faceted approach, incorporating improved educational campaigns, enhanced healthcare infrastructure, and policy interventions to bridge these gaps. This research contributes valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare providers, emphasizing the need for targeted strategies to improve family planning services. Addressing the identified barriers can lead to more informed reproductive choices, ultimately improving the overall health outcomes in West Bengal.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Contraceptive use, Family planning, Reproductive health, unmet need, Socio-economic factors, Healthcare access, Educational background, Cultural influences, Policy interventions, West Bengal

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

All humans are born free and every human being has certain inalienable, eternal, and universal natural rights. These rights are considered as fundamental human rights, providing assurance of equality in dignity. The basic rights of all humans include the right to life, equality, liberty, thought and speech, protection from exploitation, and security. From Sophocles 'Antigone' in 441 BC to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 AD, we may trace the growth of human rights around the world. On December 9, 1975, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the "Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons", which was marked as the beginning of campaign to safeguard the rights of disabled people. Historically, there has been a troubling trend of discrimination against disabled people including denial of rights, exclusion, or restriction as well as preference. Unquestionably, this kind of prejudice has a serious and profound effect on a variety of areas, notably work, health, education, service accessibility, and many more. When disability-based prejudice interacts with discrimination based on social, cultural, gender, and caste, things get more complicated. The researcher has attempted to illustrate a progressive change with respect to the legal and social perspective on protection for the disabled. The paper starts with a succinct summary of the several jurisprudential perspectives that examine the legal and social responsibilities pertaining to people with disabilities, as well as the paradigm shifts that have occurred over time. Following this discussion of the evolving boundaries of international disability laws, the paper will examine how the Indian perspective on these laws has progressively developed, with focus on the "Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill, 2011".

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Disabled Persons, Indian Constitution, UN Convention, Legislation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study compares the efficacy of inclusive business (IB) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies in developing nations in tackling important socioeconomic issues like sustainable development, economic inclusion, and poverty alleviation. CSR has always prioritized voluntary philanthropic efforts and community welfare, has been widely adopted by businesses to enhance their social impact. However, its long-term effectiveness and alignment with core business operations have been questioned. In contrast, Inclusive Business integrates low-income and marginalized communities directly into business value chains as suppliers, consumers, and employees, fostering both profitability and social progress. Using case studies and empirical data, the research explores the relative impact, sustainability, and scalability of both approaches. The findings suggest that while CSR initiatives often provide short-term community benefits, Inclusive Business offers a more sustainable and inclusive model for economic empowerment and poverty alleviation, particularly in resource-constrained and underserved regions. This study contributes to the discourse on how businesses can more effectively support sustainable development goals by aligning their strategies with the needs of local co `mmunities in developing economies.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Inclusive Business (IB), Poverty Alleviation, Economic Inclusion, Marginalized Communities, Social Impact, Business value chains, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Freedom of speech and expression is often viewed as the foundation of all liberties, as it embodies the spirit of a free and democratic society. It is considered the primary right essential for an individual's self-development. Democracy is highly valued, in large part, due to the presence of this fundamental freedom. Across the world, 'freedom of speech and expression' has been granted paramount importance, with limitations permitted only through legally established procedures. Among the various restrictions on free speech, sedition laws serve as a mechanism to curb expression in the interest of maintaining public order. However, sedition is not explicitly listed as a ground for restricting 'freedom of speech and expression.' The sedition law in India, originally introduced under colonial rule, has been a issue of intense debate due to its implications on free speech and its alleged misuse. With the introduction of the 'Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS)', which seeks to substitute the 'Indian Penal Code (IPC)', the provisions addressing sedition have undergone significant re-evaluation. This study follows a doctrinal approach and focuses on analyzing the legal framework governing free speech, with a particular emphasis on sedition laws in India, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This research also aims to analyze the transformation of sedition law from its colonial origins to its current form in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sedition, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Separatist Sentiments, Sovereignty, Unity, Integrity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 presents challenges in enabling communication between devices that use both protocols. This project focuses on the implementation and performance evaluation of NAT64 using RIPE Atlas. Using RIPE Atlas probes, we will measure latency, packet loss, and reachability across global networks. NAT64 serves as a solution to facilitate communication by translating IPv6 addresses to IPv4 addresses. Our research will assess the effectiveness of NAT64, identify its limitations, and propose optimizations to enhance cross-protocol communication. NAT64 enables devices that use IPv6 to access IPv4-only resources and vice versa, allowing IPv4 devices to reach IPv6-only services

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

NAT64, IPv6-to-IPv4 Transition, Cross-Protocol Communication

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In an increasingly interconnected world, the ability of artificial intelligence (AI) to process analyze, and infer patterns from data introduces risks of unintended data exposure, discrimination, and misuse of personal information. As AI technologies advance, they present fundamental privacy challenges alongside transformative opportunities. AI systems, powered by vast amounts of data, have the potential to revolutionize industries, improve services, and enhance user experiences. However, this progress raises serious concerns about the erosion of personal privacy, surveillance, and the security of sensitive information. This study examines the intricate relationship between privacy and AI, along with the ways existing privacy frameworks are being modified and tested to address these new challenges. The ethical ramifications of AI systems and the role of regulation in defending individual rights are also assessed. The study suggests methods for achieving a balance between privacy protection and innovation, including enforcing stricter data governance regulations, promoting privacy- preserving technologies like federated learning and differential privacy, and ensuring transparency in AI decision-making. Ultimately, cooperation between technology developers, regulators, and society will determine the future of privacy in the AI era, ensuring that advancements in AI align with the protection of individual privacy and fundamental human rights.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Right to Privacy, Artificial Intelligence, Regulation, Society, Individual privacy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The herbal cosmetics are those when natural herbs and their products used for their aromatic value in cosmetic preparation among consumers for herbal products triggered the demand for natural products and natural extracts in cosmetics preparations. Lotions are liquid preparations meant for external application without friction. They are applied directly to skin with the help of some absorbent material, such as, cotton wool or gauze soaked in it. Formulation of aloe vera lotion, formulation of menthol lotion and aloe vera lotion with arrow root powder is prepared using different composition.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

White strawberry,alovera gel,coconut oil,shea butter,vitamin e oil,glycerin,calendula oil.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Inventory is key part of working capital. proper use of inventory is necessity of every type of business units. It is more important where big manufacturing activities are concern. Effective use of inventory also results into profitability of the companies. In this research study examined profitability and inventory management of selected automobile companies in India. This study analysed three years data of 2022 to 2024. Data was collected from secondary sources. Statistical analyses of the data were done using SPSS and Ms- Excel while the relation was tested using correlation analysis at 0.05 level of significance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Raw Material Turnover Ratio, Work in Progress Turnover Ratio, Finished Goods Turnover Ratio

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A voice cloning software is created, using deep learning to synthesize and analyze human voice. It integrates Tacotron 2 and HiFi-GAN for natural speech output, learning to accommodate noise and leveraging transformers for language adaptability. Ethical protection in the form of watermarking and consent is implemented. The system shows excellent performance with small datasets, which can be applied across different industries. Future developments include emotional expression and support for more languages, with technical advancement balanced against ethics.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Voice Cloning, Speech Synthesis, Deep Learning,Voice Mimic Toolbox.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study explores the role of freight forwarding in global trade and its impact on customer satisfaction. Freight forwarding involves managing shipments, documentation, customs clearance, and risk management to ensure efficient delivery. The research analyzes key factors such as service quality, reliability, communication, and timeliness. Using customer feedback and industry best practices, the study identifies areas for improvement. Findings reveal the importance of transparent communication, efficient logistics, and regulatory compliance. The study highlights challenges like shipment delays, documentation errors, and pricing concerns. Suggestions include enhancing tracking systems, improving service responsiveness, and optimizing cost efficiency. These insights help freight forwarders enhance customer experience and meet growing market demands.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Freight forwarding, Customer satisfaction, Logistics, Service quality, Supply chain management

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition