Volume 13 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

In Bihar, women constitute a significant portion of the agricultural workforce, with my studies showing their participation in various agricultural operation in various, particularly in harvesting (14.56%) and showing (11.36%), and facing challenges like lower wages and limited ownership. The proportion of women agricultural labour in rural areas is higher than urban areas, with study showing 19.40% and 14.00% respectively. Participation of women in total workforce was assessed 27.44 % as against 72.56 % by male workforce in 20111. Share of women agricultural workforce in total workforce was computed to be 16.57% in 2001 which declined to 6.23% in 2011. The causes of decline may be their participation other sectors with improvement in their literacy rate which rose to 51.50% in 2011 as compared to 33.57% in 2001. The male-female sex ratio has registered a decline of 0.11% as compared to 2001 census. Women holding land account for only 13.31% as against 87.27% by men Bihar. Share of women agricultural workforce in total agricultural workforce was estimated to be 19.32% as per census 2011. Operation wise contribution of women in agricultural activities was assessed to be 35.94% during 2013-14. Women's contribution in agriculture is significant and plays diverse role, still their wages were found 4.60% less than their male counterparts during 20242. To strengthen women's participation in agriculture and allied sectors and to improve their access to land, loans and other facilities, the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare has policy provisions like joint leasing for both domestic and agricultural land under National policy for farmers. Under credit facility provisions government has framed policy for issuing Kisan Credit Cards to women for creating livelihood through livestock practices and agricultural processing. For empowering women government made provision of Home Science wing in every Kishan Vigyan Kendra. Beside all efforts, there is still a wide gender gap in the state which may be addressed properly for overall development of women and the society in particular and state and nation in general. The paper tries to analyze the participation of women in agricultural development of Bihar and the issues confronting them.

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 Keywords

Women Agricultural labour, Land holdings, Women workforce, Women Empowerment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This review explores non-medical interventions to reduce follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in post-menopausal females. Drawing on scientific literature and clinical studies, it analyses lifestyle changes, dietary interventions, and alternative therapies. The paper highlights the physiological role of FSH, its effects post-menopause, and the potential benefits of non-pharmacological methods. Findings suggest that lifestyle changes, targeted nutrition, and alternative therapies like acupuncture and herbal remedies may support hormonal regulation. However, more research is needed to confirm the efficacy and optimise interventions.

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 Keywords

menopause, FSH, hormones, alternative medicine, traditional medicine, acupuncture, female hormones, menstruation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Amlodipine, one of the most prescribed medications that act as calcium channel blockers, is found to exist as a racemic mixture. The (S)-enantiomer is clinically more beneficial when compared to its (R)- counterpart, warranting the chiral resolution of amlodipine enantiomers to enhance drug safety and efficacy. This review covers the latest developments in the synthesis of amlodipine derivatives, their chiral resolution by o,o-di-p-toluoyl-D-tartrate resolving agent, and the subsequent method development and validation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The efficiency of enantioseparation by different methods, such as diastereomeric salt formation, capillary electrochromatography, and solid-phase extraction by bonded ionic liquids, is considered. Also discussed is the ICH-guided HPLC method validation for precise determination of the degree of enantiomeric excess. This review discusses the limited developments in chiral resolution methods that integrate automation and AI in the development of the chromatographic methods for pharmaceutical analysis to improve accuracy and sustainability.

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 Keywords

Amlodipine derivatives,Chiral separation,Enantioseparation,Diasteromeric salt formation o,o-di-p-toluoyl-D-tartrate, HPLC validation, Pharmaceutical Pharmaceutical analysis, Quality by Design (QbD).

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In this summary of the research paper, the innovative impact of financial technology (fintech) is critically discussed the traditional banking framework of the modern environment. And the today's technology change day by day and the financial industry or banking institutions developing their implications of fintech . And the discourse includes competitive surrounding , changes in customer needs , traditional models and conclusions and these aspects are improves traditional models or sustainability impacts. The resulting integration shows that the digital banking is only impulse ,but also an innovative impulse for financial sector. Fintech explain that how richer customers experiences, efficiency and new models of business take places at the same time, this research also examines the possible risks and the challenges they faced by including cyber security threats ,complexities and workforce requirements. this research identifies the strategies of banks on digital payment system ,their collaborations or partnerships for the internal changes on digital payments. This research represents the contributions between fintech or banking operations, and it illuminates coexistence or integration strategies that impacts on future of digital banking system. The traditional banking model is a multifaceted summary of challenges and opportunities. With a paradigm shift tenant in the financial ecosystem, this study provides insight into adaptive tactics that must survive traditional banks and be carried out in an era of technical disability.

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 Keywords

1. FinTech 2. Traditional Banking 3. Financial Technology 4. Banking Models 5. Technological Disruption 6. Customer Experience 7. Competitive Landscape 8. Financial Inclusion 9. Regulatory Considerations 10. Sustainability

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This research paper provides an in-depth comparative analysis of play-based learning and traditional learning methodologies in early childhood and primary education. Play-based learning involves structured and unstructured play activities that encourage children to explore, imagine, and engage in experiential learning. It emphasizes cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development through hands-on experiences and collaboration. In contrast, traditional learning employs teacher-directed instruction with a structured curriculum, emphasizing academic achievement, discipline, and standardized assessments. While traditional learning is often praised for its measurable academic outcomes, play-based learning is recognized for fostering creativity, critical thinking, and interpersonal skills. This paper evaluates the effectiveness, benefits, and limitations of both approaches by examining existing research studies, academic theories, and real-world case studies. Through a comprehensive analysis, it explores the impact of play-based and traditional learning on cognitive growth, emotional regulation, social competence, and physical development. Additionally, it discusses the implications for educators, parents, and policymakers in making informed decisions about early childhood education models. Recommendations are provided for integrating the strengths of both approaches to create a balanced and effective learning environment. This research highlights the need for a flexible educational framework that caters to the diverse needs of young learners while fostering holistic development.

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 Keywords

Play-Based Learning, Traditional Learning, Early Childhood Education, Cognitive Development, Social Skills, Learning Outcomes, Holistic Development, Educational Methodologies

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Blended learning is a new model of learning that combines traditional face-to-face classroom learning with online educational content. In recent years, it's increasingly gained popularity in contemporary educational settings. This review article presents a definition, general framework, historical background, and framework of development of blended learning, particularly focusing on creating a flexible, yet personalized learning environment. The article also discusses specific theoretical frameworks which served as the basis for creating and implementing learning experiences that are described as blended learning, such as theoretical constructs of constructivist learner theories and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework. In addition the article examined different blended learning models, such as Rotation, Flex, A La Carte, and Enriched Virtual Models, in addition to benefits and challenges. Finally, the article reviews some implementation practices including curriculum redesign, faculty training and those blended learning methods for fostering student or learner engagement. Blended learning research uses an examination of academic achievement outcomes, student engagement, and satisfaction, and the comparison of blended learnings relative to traditional learning as values for effective learning. It also examines obstacles in successful implementation of blended learning (technology, organizational inertia, inequalities and access). The conclusion offers considerations about future blended learning research, including education technology innovations, personalized learning paths, and the need for longitudinal studies and impact evaluations. The review has important implications of educational theory and practice and discover implications for educational practice and policy and highlights the need for further research and collaboration among stakeholders, to maximize the possibilities of blended learning in modern education.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blending Learning, Hybrid Learning, Face to Face Learning, Online Education, Personalized Learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rapid adoption of mobile wallets has transformed the digital payment landscape, offering users convenience, security, and efficiency. This study evaluates user preferences for mobile wallets in Aizawl City using the Garrett Ranking Technique. Respondents ranked popular platforms such as Google Pay, PhonePe, PayTM, SBI YONO, Paypal, and WhatsApp Pay based on their usage and satisfaction. The rankings were converted into scores using Garrett and Woodworth's table for quantitative analysis. Findings reveal that Google Pay is the most preferred mobile wallet, attributed to its user-friendly interface and extensive merchant network. PhonePe and PayTM follow closely, highlighting their competitive features like seamless integration and versatile services. SBI YONO ranks fourth due to its strong banking integration, while Paypal and WhatsApp Pay are less favored for everyday transactions. Other wallets like JioMoney and Ola Money hold minimal appeal due to limited functionality. The study underscores the importance of factors such as ease of use, trust, perceived utility, and demographic influences in shaping user preferences. These insights can guide service providers in refining their offerings to enhance user satisfaction and adoption rates. Additionally, understanding regional preferences can help tailor marketing strategies to specific demographics, fostering greater penetration of mobile wallets in emerging economies.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mobile wallets, Garrett Ranking Technique, user preferences, digital payments, Aizawl City.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A Water Monopole Antenna is a specialized communication system designed for submarine applications, enabling effective underwater signal transmission and reception. Traditional antennas struggle with high signal attenuation in water, making water monopole antennas a promising solution for improved communication. This project focuses on the design, development, and implementation of a water monopole antenna integrated with transmitter and receiver software for seamless data exchange. The system enhances underwater radio frequency (RF) communication, minimizing interference and improving signal clarity. The transmitter module ensures reliable data encoding and transmission, while the receiver software efficiently decodes signals with minimal loss. The project incorporates advanced signal processing algorithms and software-defined radio (SDR) techniques to optimize performance. Key benefits include enhanced data rates, extended communication range, and operational efficiency in challenging underwater environments. This innovation plays a crucial role in submarine navigation, defense operations, and deep-sea exploration, offering a robust alternative to traditional underwater communication systems.

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 Keywords

Hydroacoustic Communication,Submarine RF Transmission, Underwater Signal Processing, Monopole Antenna Design, Acoustic Modem Software

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

?Multiplication is a key fundamental function for many error tolerant applications.Approximate multiplication is considered to be an efficient technique for trading off energy against performance and accuracy. ?Our approach is to introduces a term representing power and accuracy requirements which simplifies the partial product reduction component as needed and it is designed using adder and compressor. ?The proposed 32-bit multiplier design achieves reduction in power consumption, increase in speed as compared to conventional exact multipliers while maintaining acceptable accuracy levels. ?The proposed multiplier is developed using Verilog HDL and implemented using Xilinx ISE software.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Multiplication, Approximate tree compressor, Carry save adder, Carry maskable adder, Multiplier

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study examines the influence of fintech adoption on social value creation within entrepreneurial ecosystems, particularly among base-of-pyramid entrepreneurs. The research explores four key fintech components--mobile money, digital payments, crowdfunding, and fintech lending--to assess their impact on financial accessibility and economic participation. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 150 respondents across different regions of India. The regression analysis revealed a strong model fit, with an R-squared value of 0.832, indicating that fintech adoption significantly explains variations in social value creation. Mobile money demonstrated the highest impact, followed by crowdfunding and digital payments, while fintech lending had a comparatively lower yet significant influence. The findings suggest that fintech adoption fosters financial inclusion, enhances economic opportunities, and contributes to entrepreneurial development, thereby reinforcing its role in shaping sustainable and inclusive business environments. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and entrepreneurs on leveraging fintech innovations for societal progress.

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 Keywords

usage of fintech, mobile money (MM), digital payments (DP), fintech lending (FL), and crowdfunding (CF), Social Value Creation (SVC), Base of Pyramid Entrepreneur (BOP), Entrepreneur Ecosystem.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition