Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Women empowerment schemes refers to various programmes for attaining gender equality, economic independence, education and safety for women. The Government of India has started several schemes for promoting women empowerment in India like Mahila E-Haat, Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana,One stop centre scheme, Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana,Women Entrepreneurship Platform, Swadhar Greh Scheme,Stand up India scheme and others. This research paper tries to make an in-depth understanding about some women empowerment schemes of the Government of India, its effectiveness and level of satisfaction among women beneficiaries and the challenges women face in accessing these schemes. The research focuses on beneficiaries of women empowerment schemes in Ernakulam district, Kerala, using a well-structured questionnaire for data collection. The collected data was classified and analysed based on the objectives of the study. Percentage analysis along with graphical representations and weighted mean score is used to interpret the data. The study reveals that most of the beneficiaries of women empowerment schemes are satisfied with scheme accessibility, quality of benefit and timeliness of benefit delivery. Women empowerment schemes contribute to education, health, employment opportunities and social status. But many respondents opined that lack of awareness and financial independence about the schemes pose a challenge to enjoy the benefits.

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 Keywords

Women empowerment schemes, gender equality, financial independence.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Agricultural automation is becoming essential for improving productivity, farmer safety, and sustainable farming practices. Traditional activities such as manual pesticide spraying and grass cutting are labor-intensive and expose farmers to harm ful chemicals and physical strain. To address these challenges, this paper presents the design of a solar-powered Pesticide Sprayer Spider Robot integrated with a grass cutting mechanism for smart agricultural applications. The proposed system is built around a microcontroller-based architecture integrated with sensors such as ultrasonic sensors for obstacle detection, infrared sensors for spraying logic, and GPS for location tracking. The spider-like leg structure enables stable movement across uneven farm terrain where conventional wheeled robots may struggle. A compact pump and nozzle system performs targeted pesticide spraying, while a lightweight DC motor with blades enables efficient grass cutting. The robot can be controlled through an Android-based in terface that allows users to monitor sensor data and operate the system remotely. Experimental tests demonstrate effective obstacle detection, responsive spraying, and reliable grass cutting performance. The proposed system offers a low-cost, eco-friendly solution that reduces human effort and chemical exposure while supporting the development of precision agriculture.

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 Keywords

Agricultural automation , Precision farming, Solar-powered robotics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Waste collection in busy indoor spaces like hospitals, offices, and schools has become a real operational problem. Staff spend considerable time manually sorting and collecting mixed waste, and the results are often inconsistent. This paper describes The V, a robot we built to take over that job autonomously. It uses a webcam and OpenCV to identify waste in real time, a threejoint servo arm to physically pick items up, and a Raspberry Pi 4 to run everything. We wanted to see if this kind of system could work on cheap, everyday hardware without needing expensive processors or custom components. Testing showed a classification accuracy of 90.0%, an arm grasping success rate of 92.6%, and an end-to-end segregation accuracy of 83.3% at around 8 to 10 frames per second. We think these numbers show that practical, affordable automation for indoor waste handling is genuinely achievable.

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 Keywords

autonomous waste management, computer vision, OpenCV, outdoor robotics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class IV drugs (low-solubility low-permeability) are generally poor drug candidates, yet, ~5% of oral drugs on the market belong to this class. While solubility is often predictable, intestinal permeability is rather complicated and highly dependent on many biochemical/physiological parameters. In this work, we investigated the solubility/permeability of BCS class IV drug, furosemide, considering the complexity of the entire small intestine (SI). Furosemide solubility, physicochemical properties, and intestinal permeability were thoroughly investigated in-vitro and in-vivo throughout the SI. In addition, advanced Size reduction process (Top down and bottom up process) were used to elucidate furosemide regional-dependent absorption pattern. Furosemide was found to be a low-solubility compound. By preparing Nanosuspension in context of reducing particle size. Nanosuspension technologies use top-down (size reduction) or bottom-up (particle assembly) approaches, often combined, to create drug nanoparticles for enhanced delivery, with top-down methods like milling/homogenization breaking down larger particles, and bottom-up methods like anti-solvent precipitation building up from molecules.

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 Keywords

BCS, Furosemide

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A natural lens is present inside our eyes that reflects the rays of light coming into the eyes and helps us see the clear images. Cataract is a disease in which this lens becomes opaque, that makes the image look blurred, hazy, and less colorful. It causes increased light sensitivity, blurred vision; decreased vision at night, seeing double images and leads to total blindness .Surgery is the only treatment of the cataract. Some dietary modification may help to prevent the cataract. So planned teaching programmed was developed and administered to improve the knowledge of general population regarding cataract.

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A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAM ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CATARACT AMONG PEOPLE (45-60 YEARS) IN A SELECTED AREA NTPC JHARLI, JHAJJAR, Haryana.

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This paper explores the transformation of self-representation from literary constructions of identity to the contemporary practices of digital self-branding, using the dramaturgical framework developed by Erving Goffman in The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Goffman's influential idea that social life functions like a theatrical performance--structured through the interaction between "front stage" and "back stage" spaces--offers a powerful lens through which to examine how individuals shape and present their identities to different audiences. While earlier forms of self-presentation occurred within limited social contexts and physical spaces, the rise of digital platforms has fundamentally transformed the nature, scale, and permanence of these performances.

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Tracing the Evolution of Self-Representation from Literature to Digital Branding Practices through The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life by Erving Goffman

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Yoga, Running, BMI, Body weight

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In wireless cellular networks, there are two major types of calls: new calls and handover calls. As losing an ongoing call during the handover process will affect the quality of service, handover calls are generally considered to have higher priority than new calls. To overcome this problem, various Call Admission Control (CAC) strategies have been developed. For this project, two existing CAC strategies are examined and implemented to ensure that ongoing calls are maintained and network resources are used efficiently. The first strategy is called the "Uniform Fractional Bandwidth (UFB) CAC scheme''. This strategy allocates a fixed portion of the total bandwidth to handover calls. The other strategy is called the "Uniform Fractional Channel (UFC) scheme". This strategy allocates a fixed portion of the total channels to handover calls. A comparison between the two strategies is made to identify the best CAC strategy.

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 Keywords

Bandwidth Management, Call Admission Control, Cellular Networks, Handoff Calls, Resource Utilization.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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India's linguistic diversity, featuring 22 recognized languages and numerous local dialects, poses a major obstacle to digital inclusion and intercultural communication. Although global translation tools excel in standardized languages, they often face challenges with the subtleties of regional expressions, local sayings, and culturally unique terms. This document suggests creating a localized translation app aimed at promoting genuine interaction among speakers of various Indian languages. Employing advanced Large Language Models (LLMs) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods, the study concentrates on recognizing and translating "non-literal" regional phrases that conventional systems frequently misread. The approach includes refining multilingual models using selected datasets of informal language and utilizing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to deliver context-sensitive translations. Initial findings indicate that emphasizing phrase-level cultural context greatly enhances user understanding and learning results in contrast to literal translation. This study aids in the democratization of digital resources in India, providing a scalable approach to close the communication divide in education, commerce, and social engagement.

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 Keywords

Language Barrier Removal, Real-Time Translation, Enhance Communication, Foster Cross-Cultural Exchange, Support Language Learning, Multilingual Real-Time Translation, Image-to-Text Translation via OCR, Speech Recognition and Voice Translation, Real-Time Translation, User Interface and Experience

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Background: Autoimmune disorders represent a significant global health burden, often characterized by the body's failure to distinguish "self" from "non-self." While modern immunology focuses on cytokine signaling and genetic predisposition, the role of metabolic integrity remains an emerging area of interest. In Kayachikitsa, the foundational principle "Rogah Sarvepi Mandagnau" suggests that all systemic diseases originate from impaired digestive fire (Jatharagni). This review aims to critically analyze the literary evidence linking Jatharagni to Vyadhikshamatva (immunity) and its role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune conditions.Methods: A comprehensive literary search was conducted across the Brihatrayi (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya) and their respective commentaries. Keywords included Agni-mandya, Ama, Ojas, Vyadhikshamatva, and Srotodushti. Relevant concepts were synthesized and correlated with modern immunological theories of gut dysbiosis and molecular mimicry.Results: The review identifies a definitive "Jatharagni-Vyadhikshamatva Axis." Chronic Mandagni leads to the formation of Ama (toxic metabolic by-products), which acts as an endogenous antigen. The literature suggests that Ama impairs the Sukshma-bhaga (subtle essence) of Dhatu formation, ultimately depleting Ojas (the biological essence of immunity). In this state of metabolic chaos, the Doshas undergo Prasara (circulation) and lodge in weakened Srotas (channels), triggering an inflammatory response that mirrors modern autoimmune cascades. The study highlights that Vyadhikshamatva is not a static trait but a dynamic byproduct of optimal Ahara-paka (digestion).Conclusion: The Ayurvedic perspective offers a unique approach to autoimmunity by prioritizing metabolic correction over immunosuppression. Restoring the Jatharagni-Vyadhikshamatva Axis through Deepana, Pachana, and Shodhana provides a robust theoretical framework for the integrative management of chronic autoimmune disorders.

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 Keywords

Jatharagni, Vyadhikshamatva, Ama-visha, Autoimmunity, Kayachikitsa, Ojas, Gut-Immune Axis.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition