IJCRT Peer-Reviewed (Refereed) Journal as Per New UGC Rules.
ISSN Approved Journal No: 2320-2882 | Impact factor: 7.97 | ESTD Year: 2013
Scholarly open access journals, Peer-reviewed, and Refereed Journals, Impact factor 7.97 (Calculate by google scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool) , Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Indexing in all major database & Metadata, Citation Generator, Digital Object Identifier(CrossRef DOI)
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Paper Title: AI-PoweredChatbotForMiningCompliance:StreamliningRegulatoryQueriesInTheMiningIndustry
Author Name(s): Susan Evangiline C, Jeevitha.G, Kandikattu Sugathri, Yashas Yadav G, Ulli Madhu
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2503055
Register Paper ID - 278525
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2503055 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 560064 , Bengaluru, 560064 , | Research Area: Science and Technology Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2503055 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2503055 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2503055.pdf
Title: AI-POWEREDCHATBOTFORMININGCOMPLIANCE:STREAMLININGREGULATORYQUERIESINTHEMININGINDUSTRY
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Science and Technology
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Pages: a460-a483
Year: March 2025
Downloads: 194
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
The mining industry needs to regulate the safety of mining operations and the ecological aspects of sustainable mining with several laws in place, such as the Coal Mines Act of 1952, the Indian Explosives Act of 1884 and the Collier Regulations of 2017. However, stakeholders usually face a great deal of impediments in their access, comprehension, and implementation of these regulations due to their complexity and sheer volume. In line with this, the current project is aimed at suggesting the development of an AI-powered chatbot specialized in the interpretation of the mining policies. The chatbot that uses NLP (Natural Language Processing) techniques manages the situation by reading out the queries that are submitted by users and then they are matched to the corresponding information taken from the huge database of the law documents. Flutter will become the interface with the use of a user-centric design and responsiveness and on the other hand, for the back-end architecture, Firebase will be chosen for the reliable arrangement and scalability of the data. Python is chosen as the language of the chatbot's logic, which implies not only that the chatbot can be very precise and quickly responsive, but also that the chatbot can adapt to various regulatory frameworks. One of the main features of the chatbot is that it is qualified to deliver fast and right on target information to the users, to give round-minute-es a day service, and to decrease the amount of time and effort that is needed for manual searches. The system is designed in a way that it will cater to the diverse set of stakeholders, including mining enterprises, regulatory authorities, and lawyers. A user feedback mechanism is systematically integrated to perpetually enhance the chatbot's functionality and precision. The primary indications determined the rate of competence in the chatbot to retrieve the factual and relevant information, which was accompanied by a rather high level of user satisfaction. Such a system's performance is always underpinned by some set of parameters like the accuracy, precision, recall, and response time and to this end, we receive either better or worse numbers. The work in the future will revolve around the chatbot's smart implementation of other types of knowledge, regulatory ones for example, and the development of mobile applications for enhanced access. This project is a vying clarification of the potential turn-around of the AI and NLP to digitize the law without the conventional burdens of industry stakeholders. As a result, it brings a solution that is both scalable and efficient to the interest groups in the mining industry. The chatbot, by means of the automatic provision and interpretation of the legal documents, aims not only at the networking of compliance but also at the elimination of operational risks and the increase in the level of data quality.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Chatbot, Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing, Mining Regulations, Flutter, Firebase, Python, Compliance Automation.
Paper Title: AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT IN THE NITI AAYOG PERIOD
Author Name(s): S.ARULAZHAGAN, Dr.S.SHAFINA BANU
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2503054
Register Paper ID - 278512
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2503054 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 609609 , KARAIKAL, 609609 , | Research Area: Medical Science All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2503054 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2503054 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2503054.pdf
Title: AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT IN THE NITI AAYOG PERIOD
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Medical Science All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Pages: a447-a459
Year: March 2025
Downloads: 189
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
ABSTRACT The output and productivity of an agricultural land are directly correlated with original natural fertility of the soil and based on geographical nature of the region. The old traditional method of cultivation is slowly altered and modified due to impact of drastic climate change on the agrarian economy. A large amount of money is to be pumped at any moment of time into agricultural land, to withstand and destabilize the effect of climate change on the agricultural sector. The system of implementing investment through five year plans lost its momentum in the present scenario. A new institution gave birth in 2015 in the name of NITI AAYOG to replace the 66 year old planning commission. It caters to the needs of investment in each year according to prevailing circumstances and situations. Investment in the successive years is to be increased or decreased based on last year achievements and short falls. Hence agricultural investment is to be enhanced each year through various central and centrally sponsored schemes to concentrate more on agricultural activities. The present study focus to analyse the pattern, volume and trend of agriculture investment made and implemented in the NITI AAYOG period from 2017 to 2024.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Climate change, Five year plan, Agricultural investment, NITI AAYOG, Central Schemes, Centrally sponsored schemes.
Paper Title: Factor-Based Study of Leadership Emotional Intelligence and Staff Motivation
Author Name(s): Dr Radhika Visalam Krishnamoorthy
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2503053
Register Paper ID - 278255
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2503053 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 201304 , Gautam Buddha Nagar, 201304 , | Research Area: Medical Science All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2503053 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2503053 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2503053.pdf
Title: FACTOR-BASED STUDY OF LEADERSHIP EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND STAFF MOTIVATION
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Medical Science All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Pages: a439-a446
Year: March 2025
Downloads: 180
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
This study explores the influence of various dimensions of Emotional Intelligence (EI) among school leaders--specifically their empathy, ability to manage relationships, and commitment--on the work motivation of teachers, and ultimately on student performance. Unlike most prior research, which has predominantly focused on students and teachers, this work examines the pivotal role of school leadership within India's education system, where intrinsic motivators are especially critical. Our findings indicate that EI is a significant predictor of staff motivation, with commitment emerging as the most influential factor. These results underscore that emotionally intelligent leadership not only fosters a supportive work environment but also enhances the transmission of intellectual and moral values to future generations. Recent studies by Miao et al. (2017) and Carmeli et al. (2009) further validate these conclusions, highlighting the transformative impact of emotionally intelligent leadership on organizational performance. In light of these insights, we urge educational policymakers to prioritize EI training for school leaders, as their role is central to the advancement of society.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Emotional intelligence, leadership, teacher motivation, school principals, intrinsic motivation, education, managing relationships, empathy, leadership psychology, commitment.
Paper Title: A STUDY ON CUSTOMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS INGREDIENT BRANDING WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TIRUPUR CITY
Author Name(s): Mrs.R.Gomathi, Dr.K.Rajini
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2503052
Register Paper ID - 278396
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2503052 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 638 316 , Erode, 638 316 , | Research Area: Management All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2503052 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2503052 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2503052.pdf
Title: A STUDY ON CUSTOMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS INGREDIENT BRANDING WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TIRUPUR CITY
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Management All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Pages: a433-a438
Year: March 2025
Downloads: 200
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Ingredient branding is a savvy marketing strategy where a component of a product, like a high-quality ingredient, is promoted to boost consumer trust and set the product apart in a crowded market. This study zooms in on how customers in Tirupur City perceive ingredient branding, examining their awareness, buying behavior, and brand loyalty. We conducted a detailed survey with 125 participants and crunched the numbers using various analysis tools like percentage analysis, chi-square tests, Henry Garrett ranking, and the weighted average method. The results showed that ingredient branding has a big impact on purchase decisions for 60.8% of consumers. However, a majority of respondents (68%) are still sensitive to price and prioritize quality over branding. Interestingly, many consumers aren't fully aware of ingredient branding, signaling a need for better marketing efforts. Our study suggests that companies should focus on increasing consumer awareness, highlight the quality of ingredients, and form strong branding partnerships to boost consumer engagement. By effectively using ingredient branding, businesses can enhance their brand value, build stronger consumer trust, and drive sales growth in competitive markets.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Ingredient Branding, Customer Perception, Brand Loyalty, Purchase Decision, Marketing Strategy, Consumer Awareness.
Paper Title: "Mapping The Impact Of Diet On Public Health: Insights From Nutritional Epidemiology"
Author Name(s): Dr.Shubam Singh Pathania, Dr.Abhishek Magotra, Dr.Sheetal
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2503051
Register Paper ID - 278508
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2503051 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, - , -, - , | Research Area: Science and Technology Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2503051 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2503051 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2503051.pdf
Title: "MAPPING THE IMPACT OF DIET ON PUBLIC HEALTH: INSIGHTS FROM NUTRITIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY"
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Science and Technology
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Pages: a425-a432
Year: March 2025
Downloads: 192
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Nutritional epidemiology is a branch of epidemiology that focuses on the study of how diet and nutrition influence health outcomes and disease patterns within populations. It helps provide valuable insights into the relationship between diet and health, which can then be applied in public health nutrition to develop disease prevention in public health. Over recent decades, numerous observational studies have examined how diet affects health, contributing to a better understanding of these connections. One of the primary objectives of nutritional epidemiology is to monitor food consumption, nutrient intake, and nutritional status across populations. Its ultimate aim is to prevent diseases and enhance public health. The key advantage of this field is its direct application to human health, as it is based on real-life data rather than animal models. However, nutritional epidemiology has its challenges, particularly in terms of potential biases in studies. Misinterpretation of research findings by the general public or by those without proper training in epidemiology can sometimes lead to harm. Therefore, it is crucial to grasp the methods, concepts, and practical applications of nutritional epidemiology to effectively contribute to disease prevention efforts.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Epidemiology research, Nutritional epidemiology, Public health, Diet, Health , Disease prevention.
Paper Title: Liberation and Devotion: Exploring Subaltern Perspectives of Women in Bhakti Movement through the Booker Novels of Arundhati Roy and Aravind Adiga
Author Name(s): Dr. Vani P.
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2503050
Register Paper ID - 277907
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2503050 and DOI : http://doi.one/10.1729/Journal.43972
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 685515 , Kattappana South, 685515 , | Research Area: Arts All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2503050 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2503050 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2503050.pdf
Title: LIBERATION AND DEVOTION: EXPLORING SUBALTERN PERSPECTIVES OF WOMEN IN BHAKTI MOVEMENT THROUGH THE BOOKER NOVELS OF ARUNDHATI ROY AND ARAVIND ADIGA
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) : http://doi.one/10.1729/Journal.43972
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Arts All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Pages: a421-a424
Year: March 2025
Downloads: 214
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Liberation appears to be an unconvincing task in the life of marginalized communities. Literature can produce a substantial change in a society when it is construed as an artifact of realities. This study intends to analyze the significance of the Bhakti ideals embraced by the women saints of India. They played crucial role in opposing irrational ideologies. Their preaching focused on the intersection of religion, female subalternity, literature and social resistance. Their rejection of traditional women's role resonates in The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy and The White Tiger by Aravind Adiga. Many writers focus on the historical and religious aspects of women saints, but an in-depth study of their subalternity is missing. The aim of this study is to compare the historical defiance of women saints of the Bhakti movement with the rebelliousness of modern subaltern women in the novels. This paper tries to pour light on the gap, especially in evaluating how spiritual and cultural legacies reflect in social resistance.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Bhakti movement, women saints, subaltern perspectives, hierarchy, liberation, hegemony, and social resistance.
Paper Title: AN ANALYSIS ON CEMENT SECTOR AS AN INVESTMENT AVENUE
Author Name(s): Sakthivel K, Infant Emiliya W
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2503049
Register Paper ID - 278571
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2503049 and DOI : http://doi.one/10.1729/Journal.43940
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 641018 , Coimbatore, 641018 , | Research Area: Commerce All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2503049 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2503049 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2503049.pdf
Title: AN ANALYSIS ON CEMENT SECTOR AS AN INVESTMENT AVENUE
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) : http://doi.one/10.1729/Journal.43940
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Commerce All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Pages: a410-a420
Year: March 2025
Downloads: 209
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
The cement industry plays a crucial role in economic development and infrastructure growth. India, as the second-largest producer of cement, has witnessed significant expansion in installed capacity and production over the past decades. This study analyzes the financial performance, profitability, and market trends of selected cement companies--Ultratech Cement, ACC Limited, J.K. Cement, Indian Cement, and Prism Cement--over the period 2020-2024. Using ratio analysis and trend analysis, the study assesses liquidity, profitability, and stock market performance. The findings indicate that while Ultratech Cement and ACC Limited have strong market presence, they face liquidity and profitability challenges. J.K. Cement struggles with consistent net losses, while Indian Cement and Prism Cement demonstrate stability and growth potential. Strategic recommendations include cost optimization, technological advancements, market diversification, and leveraging government infrastructure projects. The study concludes that efficiency improvements and financial restructuring are vital for sustained growth in the Indian cement industry.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Cement Industry, Financial Performance, Profitability, Liquidity, Stock Market Analysis, Investment, Infrastructure Growth, Cost Optimization, Market Trends, India
Paper Title: Master of the Roster : Examining the Constitutional Paradox of Judicial Authority and Equality in India
Author Name(s): Dr Amit Kumar
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2503048
Register Paper ID - 278521
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2503048 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 160062 , Mohali, 160062 , | Research Area: Social Science All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2503048 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2503048 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2503048.pdf
Title: MASTER OF THE ROSTER : EXAMINING THE CONSTITUTIONAL PARADOX OF JUDICIAL AUTHORITY AND EQUALITY IN INDIA
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Social Science All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Pages: a398-a409
Year: March 2025
Downloads: 190
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
The Chief Justice of India stands as the highest authority within the judicial system, bearing the significant responsibility of overseeing the administration of justice. Central to our judicial framework is the principle of "Nemo judex in sua causa," a fundamental tenet that ensures impartiality in the administration of justice. Historically, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India has wielded considerable influence, particularly in the appointment of judges to cases of national importance, thereby shaping the delivery of justice. The administrative authority of the Chief Justice, especially the role as the "Master of the Roster," is a crucial aspect of Constitutional Law that defines the Chief Justice's position and responsibilities. Both the Chief Justices of the Supreme Court and the High Courts possess the power to determine the roster, which essentially means deciding which judges hear which cases. This system is designed to ensure that justice is dispensed fairly and efficiently, contributing to the sustenance of democracy in the country. This paper delves into the constitutional and historical evolution of the role of the Chief Justice in India. It thoroughly examines the powers, responsibilities, and functions of the Chief Justice as the Master of the Roster. Additionally, it addresses the criticisms and debates surrounding this role, providing a comprehensive analysis of its impact on the Indian judiciary.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Judiciary, Supreme Court, Chief Justice of India, Master of Roster, Constitution Bench, High Court
Paper Title: A PERSPECTIVE STUDY ON CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL PROVISIONS FOR THE SOCIO, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SCHEDULED TRIBES: (With special Reference to Tribal Women)
Author Name(s): MR. ADARI KISHORE KUMAR
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2503047
Register Paper ID - 278391
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2503047 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 530017 , visakhapatnam, 530017 , | Research Area: Arts1 All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2503047 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2503047 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2503047.pdf
Title: A PERSPECTIVE STUDY ON CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL PROVISIONS FOR THE SOCIO, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SCHEDULED TRIBES: (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TRIBAL WOMEN)
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Arts1 All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Pages: a390-a397
Year: March 2025
Downloads: 180
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Abstract: Tribal development in India reflect that the goal of all round development of the tribal communities as conceived in the Indian Constitution has raised certain basic issues before the nation. Tribes are subjected to systematic human rights violation on the basis of caste abased discrimination. The discrimination impinges their civil, political religious, socio-economic and cultural rights and their rights to freedom of choice to develop as individuals. Tribal women should be made capable to utilize the resources of the country. Education, good health care and employment make people capable. Empowerment should be understood in this paper I discussed different way of tribal women status it is used for academicians and researchers.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Key words: Discrimination, Empowerment, religious, resources.
Paper Title: Unveiling the Past: The Evolution of Urdu in Punjab up to the Mid-19th Century
Author Name(s): Rafaqat Husaain
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2503046
Register Paper ID - 278514
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2503046 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, United Kingdom, 147002 , PATIALA, 147002 , | Research Area: Social Science All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2503046 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2503046 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2503046.pdf
Title: UNVEILING THE PAST: THE EVOLUTION OF URDU IN PUNJAB UP TO THE MID-19TH CENTURY
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 3 | Year: March 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Social Science All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Pages: a382-a389
Year: March 2025
Downloads: 233
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
This paper explores the origins and development of Urdu language and literature in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent leading up to the mid-19th century. Urdu emerged as a distinct Indo-Aryan language during the Mughal dynasty, drawing vocabulary from Persian, Arabic, and local North Indian languages. The paper traces Urdu's beginnings in army camps to its adoption by the upper classes and recognition as a literary language and symbol of Muslim identity, catalysed by Sufi mystic and poet Amir Khusrow. It follows Urdu's diffusion throughout northern India with the mobile Mughal army, administration, and merchants, taking root particularly within the syncretic Punjab region. The analysis outlines critical periods and locations associated with the significant progression of Urdu poetry and prose, its scripts, Perso-Arabic and Devanagari vocabulary, and dialects until the mid-1800s
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Urdu language, Urdu literature, Mughal Empire, Punjab region, Amir Khusrow, Persian language, Arabic language

