Volume 13 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

The Chief Justice of India stands as the highest authority within the judicial system, bearing the significant responsibility of overseeing the administration of justice. Central to our judicial framework is the principle of "Nemo judex in sua causa," a fundamental tenet that ensures impartiality in the administration of justice. Historically, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India has wielded considerable influence, particularly in the appointment of judges to cases of national importance, thereby shaping the delivery of justice. The administrative authority of the Chief Justice, especially the role as the "Master of the Roster," is a crucial aspect of Constitutional Law that defines the Chief Justice's position and responsibilities. Both the Chief Justices of the Supreme Court and the High Courts possess the power to determine the roster, which essentially means deciding which judges hear which cases. This system is designed to ensure that justice is dispensed fairly and efficiently, contributing to the sustenance of democracy in the country. This paper delves into the constitutional and historical evolution of the role of the Chief Justice in India. It thoroughly examines the powers, responsibilities, and functions of the Chief Justice as the Master of the Roster. Additionally, it addresses the criticisms and debates surrounding this role, providing a comprehensive analysis of its impact on the Indian judiciary.

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 Keywords

Judiciary, Supreme Court, Chief Justice of India, Master of Roster, Constitution Bench, High Court

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: Tribal development in India reflect that the goal of all round development of the tribal communities as conceived in the Indian Constitution has raised certain basic issues before the nation. Tribes are subjected to systematic human rights violation on the basis of caste abased discrimination. The discrimination impinges their civil, political religious, socio-economic and cultural rights and their rights to freedom of choice to develop as individuals. Tribal women should be made capable to utilize the resources of the country. Education, good health care and employment make people capable. Empowerment should be understood in this paper I discussed different way of tribal women status it is used for academicians and researchers.

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Key words: Discrimination, Empowerment, religious, resources.

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This paper explores the origins and development of Urdu language and literature in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent leading up to the mid-19th century. Urdu emerged as a distinct Indo-Aryan language during the Mughal dynasty, drawing vocabulary from Persian, Arabic, and local North Indian languages. The paper traces Urdu's beginnings in army camps to its adoption by the upper classes and recognition as a literary language and symbol of Muslim identity, catalysed by Sufi mystic and poet Amir Khusrow. It follows Urdu's diffusion throughout northern India with the mobile Mughal army, administration, and merchants, taking root particularly within the syncretic Punjab region. The analysis outlines critical periods and locations associated with the significant progression of Urdu poetry and prose, its scripts, Perso-Arabic and Devanagari vocabulary, and dialects until the mid-1800s

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Urdu language, Urdu literature, Mughal Empire, Punjab region, Amir Khusrow, Persian language, Arabic language

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Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) checklist is a standardized tool designed to assess and document a patient's functional status, helping in comprehensive rehabilitation planning. While it is included in physiotherapy education, its practical implementation remains inconsistent. The study evaluates the knowledge and application of the ICF checklist among clinical physiotherapists in Pune to identify the gaps between awareness and usage in rehabilitation. Objective: To check the prevalence of using ICF checklist for assessment and rehabilitation among clinical physiotherapists in Pune using self-made questionnaire. Methodology: This observational study was conducted over six months in Pune, with 170 physiotherapists selected using convenience sampling. A Google form questionnaire was distributed via Whatsapp and online consent was obtained. Data collection was done through self-reported responses curated with self-made questionnaire and materials used included pen, paper and mobile phones. Results: out of 170 participants, the majority (137) were aged 26-30 years. 85.3% reported having ICF in their curriculum, and 99.4% were aware of the ICF checklist. However, 57.4% do not use it rehabilitation planning, and 48.4% do not consider it important. 79.3% were aware of ICF codes and 66.5% found all components of the ICF checklist important. Additionally, 80.6% recognized the importance of assessing mental functions, 78.2% acknowledged the impact of interpersonal interactions on patients. 64.7% believed community, social, and civic life should be considered in rehabilitation. Conclusion: The study concluded that 99.4% of clinical physiotherapists in Pune are aware of the ICF checklist, however, it's application in rehabilitation planning is limited, with 57.4% not using it and 48.4% not considering it important. This highlights a critical gap between awareness and practical use.

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 Keywords

-ICF checklist, physiotherapists, rehabilitation, functional assessment, clinical practice, awareness.

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The evaluation of physiological variables such as vital capacity and breath-holding capacity is essential for comprehending the aerobic and anaerobic fitness levels necessary in various sports. This study intends to compare these variables among national-level basketball, volleyball, and football players. A total of 75 male athletes (25 from each sport) participated in this study. Data were collected through spirometry and standardized breath-holding tests. Statistical analysis indicated that there is no statistically significant difference in vital capacity and breath-holding ability among football, basketball, and volleyball athletes The study emphasizes the sport-specific physiological adaptations required for optimal performance.

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Vital Capacity, Breath Holding Capacity, Basketball, Volleyball, Football, Physiological Adaptations

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Study of molecular biology of fishes sheds light on the mechanisms guiding evolution and forming the diversity of fishes on Earth. It contributes to the understanding of the genetic foundations of evolutionary change, the creation of new species, and the adaptation to diverse environments. Studying mitochondrial genes of an organism using codon usage bias (CUB) is important because it helps reveal the patterns of evolution in the context of molecular biology. In this study on the MT-CYB gene of Balitoridae family, we described the codon usage patterns and the variables that influenced it. According to correspondence analysis (COA), axis-1 reflected 43.05% of the codon usage variation, whereas axis-2 occupied 16.70% of the total variation. GC content in three codon positions of CYB gene was found in the order GC1>GC3>GC2. With a ratio of 0.0768/0.9232=0.08, the neutrality plot demonstrated that both the evolutionary forces (mutation and natural selection) had an effect on the MT-CYB gene. Natural selection was shown to be the most important factor, while compositional constraints and mutation pressure were also significant in influencing the pattern of codon usage. Thirteen codons were found to be over-represented, whereas twenty-four codons were found to be under-represented as revealed by the RSCU values of the codons in mitochondrial cytochrome B gene of Balitoridae. Analysis of codon usage patterns increased our comprehension of the mechanisms driving the codon distribution and the evolutionary significance of the MT-CYB gene.

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Codon usage bias; MT-CYB gene; Balitoridae family; natural selection; mutational pressure

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Bhartiya Niji Suraksha Udhyog: Alochanatmak Samiksha

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Bhartiya Niji Suraksha Udhyog: Alochanatmak Samiksha

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Millets, recognized as superfoods, possess high nutritional value compared to other cereals. Finger millet, also known as ragi in India, is extensively cultivated, particularly in South India, serving as a staple food for many rural populations. Ragi is rich in nutrients and offers advantages as an endurance crop due to its numerous essential amino acids. Its high dietary nutritional content provides various health benefits, including reducing blood glucose levels, aiding in celiac disease management, reducing anemia, and exhibiting anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and antioxidant properties. Despite its potential, ragi's diverse culinary applications are often overlooked due to insufficient awareness. This review focuses on ragi's health benefits, nutritional value, traditional uses, and methods for value addition, promoting its incorporation into modern diets and culinary practices.

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Finger millet, Ragi, antioxidant, nutrients, health benefits, traditional uses, value addition.

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With its unique design, the Eye Tracking System promises to transform human-computer interaction through hands-free control and user-friendly interfaces. The Eye Tracking System, created by a committed group of engineers and academics, uses eye tracking hardware and sophisticated gaze recognition algorithms to precisely record and analyze users' eye movements in real-time. Improving accessibility and usability in a variety of contexts, such as gaming, assistive technology, and human-computer interaction, is the major goal of the Eye Tracking System. The technology eliminates the need for conventional input devices by accurately monitoring users' gaze, allowing for smooth navigation, interaction, and control of digital interfaces.

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Eye Tracking System , Human computer interacction

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This numerical analysis has been performed to compare the effectiveness of the unique leading edge wing shape tube cross section with i. a circular and ii. a trailing edge wing shape tube with equivalent hydraulic diameter and has been tested in similar hydrodynamic and thermal boundary conditions. The 3D models geometry using finite volume discretization, tested and evaluated for 3500>= Re >=19,000. Later, it is identified, the leading edge wing shape tube cross section results in to enhanced heat transfer rate, enhanced Nusselt number Nu, and concomitant decreased Euler number Eu.

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Fluid flow over non-circular tube, simulation of pressure drop and simulation of heat transfer rate, leading edge wing shape tube.

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