Volume 13 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

: In recent years, the demand for natural language processing (NLP) systems capable of addressing knowledge-intensive tasks has grown substantially. Applications such as open-domain question answering, decision support systems, and complex reasoning highlight the need for advanced approaches. While pre-trained language models have achieved remarkable results, their reliance on fixed knowledge repositories and limited ability to adapt to dynamic contexts remain key challenges. In response, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as an innovative paradigm that integrates retrieval mechanisms with generative models to enhance their overall performance. RAG combines the retrieval efficiency of knowledge-based systems with the flexibility of deep generative models. By accessing large external knowledge sources such as Wikipedia or specialized databases, RAG models dynamically fetch relevant information during the generation process. This capability ensures responses are both contextually precise and grounded in up-to-date, domain-specific information. As a result, RAG systems outperform traditional models by delivering outputs that are more factually accurate and adaptable to changing knowledge landscapes. The architecture of RAG models comprises two key components: the retriever and the generator. The retriever identifies and extracts pertinent data from external repositories, while the generator synthesizes this information into coherent, contextually relevant responses. This dual-component design, however, introduces challenges such as maintaining response fluency, minimizing latency, and addressing ambiguous or incomplete queries. This report explores the potential of RAG systems across various domains, including healthcare diagnostics, legal research, and customer service automation. By examining case studies, it highlights how RAG enables tailored solutions to complex problems, delivering actionable insights and improving user experience. Furthermore, it considers the broader implications of RAG for the future of NLP, particularly its ability to bridge the gap between static and dynamic knowledge systems. In conclusion, RAG represents a transformative advancement in NLP, providing scalable and efficient solutions for knowledge-driven tasks. As research progresses, this approach holds the potential to redefine interactions with information, fostering more intelligent, reliable, and adaptive AI systems while raising important ethical considerations regarding reliance on external data sources.

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 Keywords

Precision Natural Language Processing (NLP), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), Knowledge-Intensive Tasks, Dynamic Knowledge Retrieval, Retriever and Generator Architecture, Contextual Accuracy, Knowledge Systems Integration

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Kokborok literature, representing the literary voice of the Tripuri people in Tripura, India, has experienced significant growth, particularly in the realm of short stories. This narrative form serves as a powerful medium to convey cultural identity, social concerns, and the rich oral traditions of the community. These stories often explore the nuances of daily life, traditional practices, and the struggles faced by the Tripuri people, blending realistic portrayals with elements of folklore. The narrative techniques in Kokborok short stories are dynamic, reflecting a shift toward contemporary storytelling while still being rooted in cultural heritage. Themes of love, loss, and resilience frequently emerge, echoing the community's values and aspirations. The incorporation of local dialects enhances the authenticity and emotional depth of these stories. Pioneering authors such as Thakur Radha Mohan Debbarma have played a crucial role in shaping Kokborok literature. Through his short stories, which often focus on family life and folklore, he laid the foundation for future writers to explore both the cultural and socio-political landscape of Tripura. Many other authors have followed this path, using storytelling to both entertain and educate, ensuring that the unique heritage of the Tripuri people is preserved and celebrated. This literary tradition provides a vital link to the past while simultaneously engaging with the present realities faced by the community. The evolution of Kokborok literature is also part of a broader movement within India to recognize and value indigenous literary expressions. By examining the themes, narrative styles, and influences in Kokborok short stories, one gains insight into the cultural and social dimensions of the Tripuri people and the ongoing dialogue between tradition and modernity. This literary form not only preserves cultural memory but also reflects the changing realities of the community, ensuring that Kokborok literature holds a distinctive place in the diverse tapestry of Indian literary traditions.

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 Keywords

Kokborok, Language, Literature, Short Stories, Indigenous Narratives, Cultural Identity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The applications of smart cities have emerged as a critical tool in the management of complex urban operations. With an increasing population and demands for efficient municipal services, such applications unite citizens and authorities in a common platform. This review explores the existing research on smart city solutions, highlighting the advancements, methodologies, and challenges in integrating municipal services such as complaint registration, tax payment, and emergency response. This paper highlights the possibility of changing the fabric of living in cities, utilizing platforms like "Town Assistant," to strengthen residents and city administration ties.

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 Keywords

Smart City, Municipal Services, Complaint Registration, Urban Management, Mobile Applications, Technology Integration

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The word Panchatantra conveys different concepts to the readers.Some recall stories, others the ancient wisdom of the people. An old collection of fables is a made-up story in which animals,birds and other living things are picked up from nature. Usually it concludes with a moral and a timeless source of knowledge . We hardly ever employ stories from The Panchatantra when discussing ethical quandaries; instead, we typically use tales from the Mahabharata. This paper aims to show that the primary purpose of the Panchatantra's stories is to impart basic moral values which we need to mould the behavioral skills of our life. The Panchatantra is not merely a book of fables. It also represents Indian values and culture consisting of five' nitis' or principles -Mitra Bheda,Mitra Labha ,Kakolookiyam Labdhapranasam,Aprikshitakarakam.Through qualitative analysis I would like to show that Many moral lessons can be found in The Panchatantra, such as parables about befriending and retaining friends, avoiding negative influences, and considering your actions before taking them.These lessons are important for enhancing our knowledge and wisdom and serve as a broad manual for appropriate social behavior.

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 Keywords

Eternal, Knowledge, Ethical, Values, Principles

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various sectors, with personalized marketing being one of its most impactful applications in the retail industry. This paper explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing personalized marketing strategies at Lenskart, a leading eyewear retailer. With the rise of digital transformation, Lenskart leverages AI to provide tailored customer experiences through data-driven insights. Primary and Secondry data was used for this study. The response were collected from 120 respondents through questionnaire Method. Percentage Analysis, Chi-Square and Anova used to analyse the data. The study highlights the application of AI in understanding customer behavior, segmenting audiences, and predicting preferences. Key technologies include recommendation engines, virtual try-on features, dynamic pricing, and predictive analytics for upselling and cross-selling. Furthermore, AI optimizes Lenskart's marketing automation, enabling personalized email campaigns, SMS offers, and social media advertisements. The paper also discusses the impact on customer engagement, conversion rates, and brand loyalty.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence , Marketing , Lenskart

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This study investigates consumer behaviour in online purchasing within Thiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu, against the backdrop of rapid internet expansion and rising digital literacy. With an increasing number of retailers transitioning to online platforms, understanding the factors that influence consumer decision-making in the digital marketplace has become critical. The study explores key determinants such as demographic characteristics, marketing strategies, product availability, and delivery services, and examines consumer perceptions regarding convenience, security, and reliability. Using a comprehensive survey and statistical analyses, the research identifies significant relationships between demographic variables and online shopping frequency, while also highlighting the pivotal role of trust and security in shaping consumer behaviour. The findings offer valuable insights for e-marketers and policymakers aiming to optimize online retail strategies and improve consumer satisfaction in the region.

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 Keywords

Consumer Behavior, Online purchasing, E-Commerce, Digital Marketplace, Trust, Security Concerns, Demographics, Marketing Strategies, Product Availability, Delivery Services, Thiruvallur District.

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This study examines the promotional strategies employed by private hospitals in Kanpur and evaluates their effectiveness in attracting medical service seekers. As competition in the healthcare sector intensifies, hospitals must develop effective marketing strategies to enhance their visibility, build patient trust, and improve service delivery. This research identifies key factors influencing hospital selection, such as advertisement awareness, cost-effectiveness, quick service, and promotional initiatives, including free health check-ups, community engagement programs, and patient education. The study utilizes primary data collected from 540 respondents, analyzed using statistical methods such as factor analysis, cluster analysis, and chi-square tests. The results indicate that 92% of medical service seekers are aware of private hospital advertisements, highlighting the strong impact of promotional efforts. Moreover, the factor analysis revealed that hospital promotion strategies revolve around three primary elements: awareness propagation, non-lucrative approach, and dynamic services, explaining 54.69% of the variance in patient choices. Cluster analysis further categorized medical service seekers into three distinct groups: Rational Service Seekers (52%), who make informed decisions based on hospital reputation and affordability; Unscathed Service Seekers (15%), who show minimal engagement with promotional efforts; and Magnetic Service Seekers (33%), who actively respond to promotional campaigns and prioritize service quality. The study concludes that private hospitals must adopt a more targeted approach, incorporating digital marketing, educational initiatives, and community-based health programs to sustain patient engagement. The research findings provide actionable insights for healthcare marketers, hospital administrators, and policymakers aiming to enhance promotional strategies. By integrating cost-effective promotions, strategic pricing, and patient-centric outreach, private hospitals in Kanpur can significantly improve their service appeal and patient loyalty.

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 Keywords

Promotion Strategies, Private Hospitals, Healthcare Marketing, Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study examines the indigenous epistemologies of the Kamar tribe in Chhattisgarh state, emphasizing their distinctive viewpoints, problems, and contributions to the knowledge systems. The research analyzes traditional practices, oral histories, and cultural narratives to comprehend the intricate framework of the Kamar thinking that shapes their worldview. Their epistemologies provide an all-encompassing worldview that integrates environmental, spiritual, social, and cultural aspects. This body of knowledge has evolved through oral traditions and presents unique viewpoints on the world that can enhance anthropological discourse and yield insights into the Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS). These systems sharply contrast the frequently segmented and hierarchical paradigms common in Western cognition, scientific investigation, and ontological frameworks. Examining the Kamar epistemologies outside colonial viewpoints gives us a deeper comprehension and appreciation of tales that were previously considered trivial or valueless. This initiative entails a transformation from viewing IKS via colonial views to prioritizing the viewpoints, voices, experiences, and knowledge of the Kamar people. This study also seeks to articulate the viewpoints of Kamar women and identify the obstacles they face in safeguarding their indigenous knowledge. Using a qualitative approach, purposive sample methods and a varied representation of the indigenous perspectives of the Kamar community helps in enhancing the validity and dependability of the findings.

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 Keywords

Indigenous epistemologies, Western epistemology, Traditional practices, Oral histories.

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Background of the study: After menarche many adolescent girls face problems of irregular menstruation, excessive bleeding, and dysmenorrhoea. Of these, dysmenorrhoea is one of the common problem experienced by most of the adolescent girls. Dysmenorrhoea is quite frequent and may affect the daily activities especially during the early years of adolescence. Primary dysmenorrhoea (PD) is one type of painful menstruation. Because of recent concerns about pharmacological therapy, several studies investigated the efficacy of numerous non pharmacological measures for the relief of dysmenorrhoea suchas aerobic exercise. Methods: The research design adopted was Pre experimental one group pretest posttest design. The sample size was 40 adolescent girls in Royal College of Nursing. Purposive sampling technique was used in this study. Those who were fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected for this study. The menstrual symptoms assessment questionnaire was used to assess the degree of dysmenorrhoea. Pretest data were collected during menstruation for 5 days using menstrual symptoms assessment questionnaire. Post test I and post test II data were collected on two consecutive menstrual cycles for 5 days. From 7th day of menstruation aerobic exercise was administered 40 minutes/day an alternative days up to 7 weeks for two consecutive menstrual cycles. Result and Conclusion: Dysmenorrhoea is a very common problem among adolescent girls and they experience a number of physical, and psychological symptoms associated with it. Aerobic exercise was a one of the effective, inexpensive measure to reduce the primary dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls. The study concludes that Aerobic exercise as physical activity is significant in reducing the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhoea during menstruation among adolescent girls.

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Aerobic exercise, Adolescent girls, Primary dysmenorrhoea

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper attempts to explore the Eco spiritual dimensions present in the works of Jalaluddin Rumi and Kahlil Gibran, two mystic poets whose writings transcend temporal and spatial boundaries, offering profound insights into humanity's spiritual relationship with the natural world. Their poetic expressions underscore the interwoven relationship among the self, the divine, and the natural environment, illustrating how nature serves both as a spiritual guide and a reflection of divine presence. Rumi and Kahlil Gibran, often highlight the interconnectedness of all creation and the importance of embracing the spiritual essence of life rather than attempting to control or dominate natural world. Eco spirituality, as an evolving field of study, scrutinizes the inherent connection between spirituality and the environment, recognizing nature as a sacred entity that promotes human consciousness and self-realization. Gibran and Rumi both explore significant aspects of ecological spirituality through their distinct poetic styles and ideologies. In an era marked by environmental predicament, the work of Rumi and Gibran offer a gentle yet vivacious reminder that caring for the earth is not separate from spiritual practice -- it is, in fact, a form of prayer.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Eco-spirituality, nature, sacred entity, ecological thought and divine thread.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition