Volume 13 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

This review aims to outline intermittent fasting regimens, highlight their health benefits and discover the physiological mechanisms behind to their potential effects. Evidence suggests that improved fasting regimens support weight loss and metabolic health, while reducing nighttime eating and extending fasting periods may enhance overall well-being. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasingly prevalent worldwide, posing significant societal and economic challenges. Given its association with conditions like obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes which also exacerbate periodontal disease effective prevention and management strategies are crucial. Especially, intermittent fasting has emerged as a scientifically supported, non-pharmacological approach with potential therapeutic benefits for metabolic, inflammatory and lifestyle-related diseases. Intermittent fasting may exert its effects through the mechanisms such as circadian rhythm regulation, adipose tissue modulation, gut microbiome alterations and autophagy. Preclinical, epidemiological and clinical studies indicate its potential benefits for metabolic and inflammatory markers. However, evidence on its impact in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease remains limited. Further research is needed to the clarify its mechanisms and evaluate its safety and efficacy in this population. "In that also analysed how fasting and exercise, both individually and together, impact metabolic health and offer insights into potential strategies for preventing metabolic-related diseases."

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 Keywords

Intermittent fasting, Fasting, Time-restricted feeding, Food timing, Gut microbiome, Circadian rhythm, Obesity, Diet, Metabolic Syndrome.

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The recent outbreak of avian influenza (HPAI) in Andhra Pradesh, particularly in the Godavari districts, has had a severe impact on the poultry industry, leading to the loss of over 520,000 chickens. This crisis has disrupted the local economy, shifting consumer preference towards seafood. However, reports indicate that some individuals have resorted to using infected poultry carcasses as fish feed, raising concerns about food safety, disease transmission, and environmental hazards. This study examines the consequences of the outbreak on both poultry and aquaculture, focusing on biosecurity measures, improper disposal practices, and the effectiveness of government interventions such as culling operations, containment strategies, and public awareness initiatives. Through field surveys, laboratory testing, and interviews with stakeholders--including poultry farmers, fish farmers, and health experts--this research highlights the risks associated with cross-contamination and the need for stricter enforcement of disposal protocols. Strengthening surveillance systems, promoting responsible waste management, and educating the public on safe consumption practices are essential to preventing future outbreaks and ensuring food safety.

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 Keywords

Avian Influenza; Poultry Farming; Biosecurity; Aquaculture; Public Health; Food Safety; Andhra Pradesh

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BACKGROUND: Piriformis Syndrome (PS) is a neuromuscular condition that often leads to pain and functional limitations, particularly in individuals with sedentary occupations like IT professionals. The high prevalence of PS in this group (68%) and its impact on daily activities highlights the need for effective therapeutic interventions. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Dry Needling (DN) combined with Myofascial Release (MR) on pain, hip tightness, and activities of daily living (ADLs) among IT professionals with PS. AIM: The aim of this study is to find the EFFECT OF DRY NEEDLING WITH MYOFASCIAL RELEASE ON PAIN, TIGHTNESS & ADLS AMONGST IT PROFESSIONALS WITH PIRIFORMIS SYNDROME. METHODOLOGY: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 30 IT professionals (aged 22-45) diagnosed with PS, using purposive sampling. Participants were divided into two groups, and treated for two weeks with DN and MR techniques. Pain was measured using the Visual Rating Scale (VRS), hip tightness was assessed with the FABER test, and functional disability was evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Pre- and post-treatment scores were compared to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. RESULTS: Significant improvements were observed in all outcome measures. Pain levels, as assessed by the VRS, decreased from a mean of 2.0 to 0.2. Hip tightness, measured by the FABER test, showed reduced discomfort and improved mobility. The Oswestry Disability Index revealed a decrease in disability from 0.6 to 0.1, indicating substantial improvements in daily functioning. CONCLUSION: The combination of Dry Needling and Myofascial Release is effective in reducing pain, improving hip mobility, and restoring functional abilities in IT professionals with piriformis syndrome. This study suggests that these non-invasive techniques offer a promising treatment for managing PS in sedentary professionals. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up is recommended to validate these findings and assess the long-term effects of the intervention.

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 Keywords

Piriformis Syndrome, Dry Needling, Myofascial Release, Pain, Hip Tightness, Oswestry Disability Index, IT Professionals.

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The tea plant, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze is an evergreen leafy plant that is used in the manufacturing of beverages. The production and consumption of tea worldwide have continually increased over the decades. All parts of the plant, leaf, stem, root, flower, and seed, are fed upon by at least one pest species. In this study induced physiological and biochemical changes in tea with different levels of resistance against the red spider mite, have been studied. Red Spider Mites are the important pests of tea causing damage in respect of both quantity and quality. The quantity of tea leaf waxes and the Phyto hormones like salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, Ethylene and the The secondary Metabolites like Terpenes, Phenolic Compounds and Nitrogenous Compounds activities have enhanced due to the infection by Red Spider Mite. Whereas a decrease in chlorophyll, carotenoids, superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, catalase enzyme activities, amino acids, Glutathione are clear in above pests infested tolerant tea plants.

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 Keywords

Camellia sinensis (L); Green Leafhopper, Red spider mite (RSM), Phyto hormones, secondary metabolites, Enzyme activities, resistance, damage, susceptible.

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Severe tooth wear causes great distress to many patients who can be classified into 2 groups on the basis of decrease or no decrease in the vertical dimension. The decrease in the vertical dimension not only affects the function but also affects the appearance of teeth and the temporomandibular joint symptoms. This paper reports the case of a patient with severe worn teeth and an excessive gingival display undergoing a fixed reconstruction. The protocol of the treatment process is described.

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gummy smile, Crown lengthening procedure, Vertical dimension of occlusion

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Lack of qualified people, poor infrastructure, and budgetary restrictions (Dewan et al., 2018) continue to greatly limit overall access to neurosurgical care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). More than 5 billion people globally lack access to basic neurosurgery operations for traumatic brain injuries (TBI), hydrocephalus, and brain tumors, therefore resulting in significant rates of preventable morbidity and death ( Murray et al., 2012). Examining 42 papers, this systematic review looks at policy interventions, inequities, and constraints impacting neurosurgical treatment in LMICs. Results show that neurosurgical manpower shortages are severe: LICs have less than one neurosurgeon per million persons, compared to 30-70 per million in high-income countries (HICs). Furthermore less than 30% of LIC hospitals have MRI or CT scanners, which delays diagnosis and produces inadequate surgical results (Perera et al., 2022). Financial constraints further impede access since most patients cannot get timely treatment due to out-of-pocket (OOP) costs for neurosurgery often exceeding annual household incomes (Grimes et al., 2014). Policy-driven reforms, such public-private partnerships (PPRs) and universal health coverage (UHC), have enhanced Neurosurgery accessibility, so lowering death risks with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65-0.92) (Dewan et al., 2018). Furthermore lowering surgical delays by 50% in remote locations (Tini et al., 2024) are telemedicine and task-sharing policies. Future initiatives should concentrate on improving financial models, increasing neurosurgical training, and including AI-driven diagnoses (Robertson et al., 2019) to provide fair access. Ensuring better neurosurgical treatment in low-resource environments depends critically on legislative reforms, international cooperation, and technical developments.

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low-income nations, neurosurgery, healthcare inequalities, telemedicine, artificial intelligence, workforce shortages

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The print media played a gargantuan role during India is long drawn out struggle for independence. The printed word was extremely useful in promoting the idea of freedom. Without the print media, many parts of the country would have remained disconnected and the idea of an independent nation would perhaps not have emerged. This paper aims to analyze the role of the print media and historicize its presence during the national movement. It also aims to look at the role of the editors who arduously worked to spread the ideology of freedom. The press played a crucial role in the Indian independence movement, acting as a powerful tool for spreading nationalist ideas and uniting people against colonial rule. The press was not merely a bystander but a catalyst in the freedom struggle, shaping public opinion and uniting diverse groups against colonial rule. In this article attempt to evaluate the development of Press in India was an important event in the history of the nation. The growth of Press in India was a slow process. James Hickey who published the first newspaper called the "Bengal Gazette" in 1780 introduced the history of the development of press and journalism in India. The growth of press in India gradually resulted in becoming a medium where the British government and its policies could be criticized. This entire process actually showed the importance and role of media in a democracy. Newspapers presented new ideas and shaped the nature of the debate. Hindi media refers to media in the Hindi language and its dialects, across the Hindi belt in India, and elsewhere within the Hindi-speaking Indian diaspora.

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 Keywords

Indian Press, Bengal Gazette, Communication, Literature, British rule, Acts and Regulations, Importance. Development, Contribution, Freedom Fighters, India, .Print, Media, Editors, Freedom, Independence, British, Movement, History, Findings and Suggestions.

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With the rapid adoption of AI technologies like OpenAI's ChatGPT, understanding public sentiment becomes critical for developers and researchers to gauge user experiences and expectations. This paper presents a sentiment analysis of tweets mentioning ChatGPT, employing two models: Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT). Tweets were collected using the Twitter API and preprocessed to remove noise and convert the text into suitable formats for analysis. The SVM model was used as a baseline, relying on TF-IDF for feature extraction, while BERT was fine-tuned to classify tweets into positive, negative, or neutral sentiments. The results demonstrate that while SVM provides acceptable accuracy for straightforward text, BERT outperforms it by effectively capturing nuanced sentiment and complex contextual relationships within the tweets. This analysis provides insights into public opinion on ChatGPT and highlights the effectiveness of transformer-based models in sentiment analysis on social media platforms.

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SVM, BERT, Sentiment Analysis ,Twitter ChatGPT ,Natural Language Processing (NLP)

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: Digital payments have transformed consumer spending from the convenient and impulsive buying we know today. This study investigates digital payments and the impact of digital literacy, impulsive buying, and spending patterns on Bhopal City consumer behavior. We analyzed data from 384 respondents to validate hypotheses concerning digital payment adoption and behavioral changes. The finding highlights the requirement for digital literacy programs, programs aimed at teaching people how to use digital devices responsibly, and financial management programs so people can repay their borrowings responsibly. The recommendations provide mitigation and benefits for consumers, businesses, and policymakers.

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Digital payments, Consumer spending behavior, Digital literacy, Skill Development

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Purpose The aim of the research is to understand the practical and industry driven steps taken by the Central and various state government(s) towards financial inclusion in India, for Females, Reserved categories and minorities. Design/Methodology/Approach The paper is based on qualitative and quantitative date to enumerate the growth needs of all sections of the society in terms of financial literacy and digital literacy, alike. Findings The research is conducted on the qualitative and quantitative data gathered through literature review as well secondary data collection, helping understand the changes carried on at the background and forefront, towards a change in Indian economic horizon, contributory from financial digital literacy, more impact created through ease of business due to change in the way India does business and through creation of fin-tech platform(s) for a rise in money transaction(s) accessibility. Practical Implications The paper visits the ongoing positive impacts; the various government schemes carry towards the increment of sectoral and employment sector growth(s). Originality/Value The research paper visits the new-age dawned on the Indian citizens, providing finance sector jobs, bringing in speed of money processing transactions and an upward rise in the economic contribution(s) from the financial domain, brought in through digital literacy at consumer level and job creation at business level.

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 Keywords

financial inclusion, digital literacy, Young India, PMJDY, World Bank.

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