Volume 7 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Critical thinking is an important skill in science education, enabling students to analyze information, evaluate evidence and make logical decisions. The present research aimed to construct and standardize a Critical Thinking Ability Test in Science (CTATS) for Class IX standard school children. The test was designed to measure students' ability to analyze scientific situations, apply scientific concepts and evaluate information logically. The tool consists of 25 items divided into three sections: multiple-choice questions, short-answer reasoning questions and identification of relevant information. The preliminary version of the test was administered to 100 Class IX students from 3 schools that is government, aided and private school situated in Bangalore South, Karnataka. Item analysis was conducted through difficulty index and discrimination index to determine the quality of the items. The results indicated that the items had acceptable levels of difficulty and discrimination. Reliability of the test was established using split-half reliability (0.855) and test-retest reliability (0.805) methods. Content validity was ensured through expert judgment from science educators and experienced teachers. Norms were established through mean and standard deviation to classify students' critical thinking ability levels and the findings indicate that the Critical Thinking Ability Test in Science (CTATS) is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing critical thinking ability among Class IX students in science.

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 Keywords

Construction, Standardization, Validation, Critical Thinking Ability, Science, School Children.

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To detect leaf diseases, we are utilizing image processing with a Convolution neural network (CNN). A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a form of artificial neural network that is specifically intended to process pixel input and is used in image recognition. The data collection consists of five plant leaf diseases. These images are preprocessed by converting the HIS color to RGB images. Using the K-mean cluster algorithm, the'H' elements of the affected portion of the leaf are segmented. Using the GLCM algorithm, feature extracted from cluster part of leaf image. The features are tested, and train then sorted based on maximum accuracy. With the best linear combination SVM and CNN get input of selected of mage features. There are70%images for training, and 30% images are being tested. To evaluate the data properly, the K-fold method is used. The CNN deep learning algorithm offers95.33 % accuracy, and the SVM machine learning algorithms offer 85.07 % accuracy. Therefore, CNN is said to be better than SVM. In future other leaf disease detection is also performing using various dataset with different diseases.

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 Keywords

Diseases, Feature extraction, Convolution, Biological system modeling, Microorganisms,Training

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 Abstract

पंडित दीनदयाल उपाध्याय जी कृषि के सर्वांगीण विकास के लिए सिंचाई की उत्तम व्यवस्था, उर्वरक, भूस्वामी खेती, कृषि जोत का आकार, उचित कृषि उपज मूल्य पर अपने आर्थिक विचार दिए। वर्तमान में कृषि के समक्ष कुछ समस्याएं है, जिनको दूर किये बिना कृषि का विकास नही कर सकते है। जैसे- सिंचाई हेतु मानसून पर निर्भर, छोटे छोटे भूमि, तकनीक की कमी, वित्त की समस्या, किसानों का दयनीय स्थिति, भंडारण की समस्या। दीनदयाल जी के विचारों को आत्मसात करके बहुत हद तक कृषि की समस्याएं दूर किया जा सकता है और कृषि का विकास किया जा सकता है।

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सिंचाई, उर्वरक, भूस्वामी खेती, कृषि जोत का आकार, कृषि उपज मूल्य, राष्ट्रीय आय, निर्यात, विपणन, भंडारण, आर्थिक विकास।

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The 'Vata' which is the motivator and controller of other two doshas, is responsible for the manifestation of almost all diseases. Vataja nanatmaja1 vikaras are limited to eighty in various classics, but when we group all the disorders of vata mentioned in various classics, the number exceeds eighty.

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Ayurvedic Management of Parkinsonism

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The growing global demand for clean and sustainable energy has intensified research into efficient solar photovoltaic (PV) energy harvesting systems. Embedded control and remote monitoring have emerged as key enablers for enhancing the performance, reliability, and autonomy of PV systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of embedded solutions for solar PV energy harvesting, drawing insights from two major research directions. First, microcontroller-based solar tracking systems are examined, highlighting their role in optimizing the orientation of PV panels through feedback control, stepper motor actuation, and sensor integration to maximize solar irradiance capture [1]. Such systems demonstrate cost-effectiveness, stability, and improved energy yield compared to fixed collectors. Second, advances in embedded monitoring and control frameworks are explored, where modern embedded processors, wireless sensor networks, Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, and cloud connectivity enable real-time data acquisition, performance analysis, and fault detection in decentralized PV plants [2]. These systems not only improve operational robustness but also reduce maintenance costs while supporting large-scale deployment. The review synthesizes design methodologies, hardware platforms, communication protocols, and control strategies reported in literature, while discussing trade-offs between cost, scalability, and energy efficiency. Finally, future perspectives are outlined, emphasizing the integration of artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and hybrid renewable energy systems for advancing embedded control and monitoring in PV energy harvesting.

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 Keywords

Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems, Embedded Control, Remote Monitoring, Microcontroller-Based Solar Tracking, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Fault Detection and Diagnosis, Artificial Intelligence (AI) in PV Systems, Cloud-Based Monitoring.

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Background: Cotard's Delusion (CD), a rare neuropsychiatric syndrome, manifests as nihilistic beliefs ranging from denial of body parts to the conviction of being dead. Despite its historical significance, CD remains under-recognized and diagnostically elusive. Objective: To systematically review the clinical features, nosological classifications, and treatment outcomes of Cotard's Delusion using PRISMA methodology, focusing on literature published before January 2019. Materials & Method: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Research gate, academis.edu and PsycINFO was conducted for English-language case reports, series, and reviews on CD published before January 2019. Data were extracted and synthesized into thematic domains. Results: A total of 227 databases were screened and 105 full text articles were assessed and after refining, 15 studies, which met the eligibility criteria were included. CD presents in three phenotypes: Cotard Type I (pure nihilistic delusions), and Cotard Type II (nihilism with depressive features) and Cotard Type III (mixed psychotic-depressive presentations). Neuroimaging consistently implicates right hemisphere and frontoparietal dysfunction. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains the most effective intervention. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was the most consistently effective intervention. Comorbidities included schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and neurological disorders. Conclusion: Cotard's Delusion is a multifactorial syndrome with diverse psychopathological substrates. Recognition of its subtypes and tailored interventions may improve prognosis.

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"Cotard's Delusion," CD, "Cotard's Syndrome," "nihilistic delusion," "walking corpse syndrome", Systematic Research Review.

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D.H Lawrence was a novelist of creative imagination and prophetic vision like Thomas Hardy. Sons and Lovers is considered to be a rich and complex novel. It operates on various levels, social, psychological, archetypal and universal. He uses novel to present to his readers his own interpretation in life; both of them were concerned with basic problems of human existence, man's relations with fellows and with the universe beyond himself. The present research analyses the problem of establishes new relations and the adjustment of old one. Lawrence was not concerned with his characters in their context of society or with their moral or political ideas; he concentrated upon their most intimate emotional relationships and their sensuous and physical surroundings. In this context Lawrence was obsessed with the problem of human relationship and particularly sex relationship. That is why human relationship is one of the basic themes of Lawrence's novels.

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human relationship, social and psychological, over-possessiveness

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Migrating legacy Unix systems such as Solaris Zones to modern cloud-based infrastructures presents technical, operational, and performance challenges. As many enterprises seek to modernize legacy workloads while ensuring business continuity, understanding the performance trade-offs of such migration is crucial. This study presents a structured performance benchmarking model for migrating Solaris Zones to AWS-hosted Linux virtual machines. The model evaluates key metrics--including latency, throughput, and system stability--both pre- and post-migration, offering empirical insight into the performance implications. Results indicate that while Linux VMs on AWS demonstrate significantly improved throughput and maintain comparable system stability, certain workloads experienced increased latency due to virtualization and I/O differences. This paper provides actionable benchmarks and migration strategies to guide infrastructure modernization efforts in Unix-heavy enterprise environments.

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A Performance Benchmarking Model for Migrating Legacy Solaris Zones to AWS-Based Linux VM Architectures

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Learning styles play a crucial role in shaping students' academic outcomes by influencing how they process and retain information. This comparative study explores the relationship between learning styles and academic achievement among urban and rural high school learners in Assam. Using Kolb's Learning Style Inventory (LSI), the study identifies predominant learning styles among 200 students--100 each from urban and rural schools--and analyzes their correlation with academic performance. The findings reveal significant differences in preferred learning styles between urban and rural learners, with urban students leaning more towards assimilating and converging styles, while rural students showed a preference for accommodating and diverging styles. Moreover, students whose learning styles matched teaching strategies demonstrated better academic achievement. The study suggests a need for differentiated instruction tailored to varied learning preferences to bridge the urban-rural learning gap and enhance academic performance in diverse educational contexts.

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 Keywords

Learning Styles, Academic Achievement, Urban and Rural Learners, Kolb's Learning Style Inventory, Assam, Secondary Education, Comparative Study, Teaching Strategies

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Ernest Hemingway, one of the most influential American writers of the 20th century, is renowned for his terse prose and exploration of profound themes. This paper examines the recurring motifs of violence, horror, and death in Hemingway's major novels. Through a thematic analysis of select works such as A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and The Old Man and the Sea, this study aims to reveal how Hemingway's personal experiences, particularly his exposure to war and loss, shaped his literary portrayal of brutality and mortality. The analysis underscores how these themes not only construct his characters' psychological depth but also reflect the existential crises of the modern era.

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 Keywords

Hemingway, violence, death, horror, modernism, war literature, existentialism

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