Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Substance use rejection skills are critical during college life, a transformative phase marked by exploration, peer influence, and heightened risk of experimentation among first-year students. This study assessed substance use rejection skills for abstinence among college students in Kozhikode district. A descriptive survey design was adopted to examine substance-use rejection skills among 300 first-year college students selected using random sampling. Data were collected using the Drug Avoidance Self-Efficacy Scale (DASES) and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The majority of students (68%, n = 204) demonstrated moderate rejection skills, 26% (n = 77) showed low skills, and only 6% (n = 19) exhibited high rejection skills, indicating that a considerable proportion remain vulnerable to experimentation and continued use. Significant associations were identified between rejection scores and age and birth order.

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self-regulation skills, substance abstinence, college students, first-year students

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In the context of Indian tax system, particularly in the in GST regime, research on the tax compliance behavior is of significant policy implication. Until recently, studies were found on the tax compliance issue abroad. The main purpose of the study is to examine the available literature on the topic. By conceptualizing the problem, the present study embarked on developing a revised model of the constructs to study tax compliance behaviour. Apart from the explored factors from the various studies, factors such as Religion, political orientation, Local economic perception, Risk perception, National Pride, and Professional orientation were included in the composition of variables. The study concludes with a revised suggested model.

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 Keywords

GST Compliance, Behaviour, Literature, factors, Model

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Women's Empowerment is now an important issue in India. In the western countries, the women have got equal right and status with men in all the cases. But in India they are not treated as equal to men in all the places. They had faced some difficulty from earliest to till now. Though the role of women has changed at present. Now women is leading in every field and society like sports, education, commerce, industry, politics, technology, army ,agriculture, But yet, they not absolutely free till now, some discrimination and harassment are also seen in the society. In Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal is not exception in this context. So this paper studied issues and challenges of Women's empowerment in Kharagpur subdivision, Paschim medinipur. For economic development of any society or country social and economic development of women is necessary.

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 Keywords

women Empowerment ,Education ,Discrimination , Issues, challenges.

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Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine conditions affecting metabolic regulation and overall health. The two major dysfunctions of the thyroid gland are hypothyroidism, characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, and hyperthyroidism, characterized by excessive hormone production. Hypothyroidism results in a reduced metabolic rate and commonly presents with fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, and slowed physiological functions. In contrast, hyperthyroidism accelerates metabolic processes and is associated with symptoms such as weight loss, heat intolerance, tremors, tachycardia, anxiety, and increased bowel activity. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical presentation and thyroid function assessment. Management strategies differ according to the disorder. Levothyroxine remains the standard treatment for hypothyroidism, aiming to restore normal hormone levels and relieve symptoms. Hyperthyroidism treatment includes beta-blockers for symptomatic control, antithyroid medications to reduce hormone synthesis, radioiodine therapy, and surgical interventions when required. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes.

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 Keywords

Thyroid disorder, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, HRQOL

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This paper explores the themes of cultural assimilation and identity through the lens of adventure in Michael Bond's Paddington Bear series. As a young bear from "Darkest Peru" who arrives alone in London, Paddington serves as a compelling literary figure of the immigrant experience in post-war Britain. Through his polite demeanor, unintentional misadventures, and persistent efforts to fit into British society, the narrative reflects broader socio-cultural questions of belonging, adaptation, and the silent negotiations of identity. This Study analyses how Paddington's journey from an outsider with a label around his neck to a beloved member of the Brown family mirrors the overlooked emotional and cultural dimensions of migration. By situating the story within the context of children's literature, this paper argues that Paddington Bear functions not only as a tale of whimsical adventure but also as a subtle commentary on Britain's evolving national identity and the quiet resilience of cultural newcomers.

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Paddington Bear, Cultural assimilation, Socio-cultural identity, Migration, Negotiation, Post-war British society, Immigrant narratives,

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Cricket is a multifaceted sport requiring a unique combination of physical, technical, and physiological capabilities that vary according to specific player roles and game formats, which range from prolonged multi-day matches to high intensity Twenty20 games. The dynamic and intermittent nature of cricket imposes diverse physiological demands, with fast bowlers experiencing notably high aerobic and anaerobic stress due to prolonged bowling spells and explosive movements, while batsmen undergo varying intensity efforts involving bursts of activity and mental alertness [1][2]. The significance of physical fitness in cricket has escalated concomitant with the sport's evolving competitiveness and increased match intensity, necessitating targeted conditioning to enhance attributes such as speed, agility, power, and strength, which are critical for optimal on field performance and injury prevention [3][4].

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IMPACT OF RESISTANCE TRAINING AND SAQ TRAINING ON SELECTED PHYSICAL FITNESS VARIABLES AMONG HIGH SCHOOL CRICKETERS

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ABSTRACT Agriculture is an important sector of Indian economy as it contributes about 13% to the total GDP and provides employment to over 58% of the population. Indian agriculture has registered impressive growth over last few deduces. The food grain production has increased from 51 million tones in 1950-51 to 265 million tones during 2016-17 highest ever since in dependence. The present study is based on Arphal canal irrigation project. The study concludes that there are great differences in the agriculture system per and post arphal canal irrigation projects. Signification shift has been observed in cropping pattern.

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Key words Agriculture, Irrigation, Cropping Pattern, projects, Drought, Monsoon

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Guru Ravidas was born in the 15th century near the oldest city of Hindu mythology, Banaras. He existed during the time when the bhakti wave had reached its peak and was towards decline. Although since bhakti thought was present even in the Vedic and pre-Vedic age, in the form of sacrifice,it would not be accurate to indicate a decline in the bhakti, but the wave was reaching its diminishing days. In the vast and complex spiritual landscape of India, saint poetry has long served as a potent instrument for both mystical exploration and social critique. Emerging from the Bhakti and Sufi traditions between the 12th and 18th centuries, Saint poets such as Kabir, Ravidas, Tukaram, Lal Ded, and Bulleh Shah articulated a deeply personal connection with the divine that simultaneously challenged rigid societal norms (Achmare, 77). The work produced by Guru Ravidas became extremely important as he was writing when the wave of bhakti had reached him after creating various bhakti sects in the southern region of India. He was influenced by the bhagats before him, resulting in creating a version of bhakti in Varanasi which represented all the bhaktas' work who wrote before him, whether it be the Alvar Nayanmars, warkari, vashvanite, kashmari shavism and other regional bhakti sectors. He represented them all. The core element of bhakti, which was travelling throughout India from the 5th to the 17th century, when it reached Guru Ravidas in the 15th century, had perfected its essence, which was bridal mysticism. Guru Ravidas' take on it as a devotee of Hari (Krishna) was quite simple yet appealing. The mysticism and nirgun bhakti expressed by him in his bani are exceptional because it includes all hierarchical representations of human civilization of his time. He wrote of his love for the divine like many other bhagats before him, with complete, total surrender and highlighting the social evil which prevailed in his time, engaging not just the spiritual ideologies but also with social issues of his time. His poetry makes one believe and understand love is not just in individuality but is in a union. Another profound element of his poetry was nirgun bhakti; wherever he was, whatever he did, God was included. He writes as if he were incomplete without God and preached to everyone a divine union with Hari. This paper explores some of Guru Ravidas's poetry, the echoes not just of his benevolent bridal mysticism but also the nirgun bhakti preached by him during his lifetime, still alive in his poetry.

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 Keywords

Bhakti, Mysticism, Nirgun Bhagti , Arti, Alchemy and lover

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The article examines how Bulgaria, as an energy-import-dependent EU member, can use strategic planning to strengthen energy security while pursuing decarbonization and coping with geopolitical shocks like the Russia-Ukraine war. It argues that ad hoc, reactive policy is no longer viable and must be replaced by long-term, evidence-based planning that coordinates multiple institutions and stakeholders. Using Bulgaria as a case, the author applies tools such as PESTEL to map political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal constraints on the energy transition, from coal-dependent regions and affordability issues to investment needs, grid modernization and EU regulatory pressures. A key thread is the tension between coal phase-out, social stability in coal regions, and the need to rapidly expand renewables and storage while diversifying away from Russian fuels in a "friend shoring" context. The article concludes that success depends on policy coherence, early and well-funded just transition measures, systematic integration of geopolitical risk, and adaptive management with rigorous monitoring, turning strategic planning from a formal document exercise into a living process that can guide Bulgaria's choices over the next decades.

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Strategic planning, energy security, Bulgaria, EU member, EU regulatory

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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 Keywords

Economic dependency, domestic violence, financial autonomy, women's empowerment, gender-based violence, Andhra Pradesh, income control

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition