Volume 13 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Over the ages, the jali craft work on the soft stone in the Varanasi city of Uttar Pradesh has come to be recognised as one of the rich traditions in the domain of stone craft with this wisdom being transferred from one generation to another. The soft stone jali work of Varanasi has created its own unique identity not just in the domestic circuit but in the global markets too. While, earlier, this craft was used mostly on temples, sculptures of gods and goddesses, and some other architectural structures; today, it has also evolved to cater to the utility and decor needs of the market. Consequently, the artisans have started creating utility products using the jali craft like - pen-stands, paperweights, coasters, tiles, lampstands, trays, bowls, boxes, tabletops, etc. This paper attempts to study the ideation processes going into the determination of the designs of the products created using the craft. It aims to capture the strategies applied in understanding the design needs of the market in creating the products and the factors that artisans consider before finalising the designs of their crafts. Methodologically, the paper builds on a qualitative approach deploying in-depth focus group discussions (FGDs) and a semi-structured questionnaire, focusing on design inspirations, historical influences, market demands, and product evolution for data collection with the soft stone jaali work artisans of Varanasi. The data collected through these methods would be transcribed and analysed using qualitative data analysis techniques. In terms of contribution, the findings of the paper would underline the recent trends and innovations in the craft from a design perspective which may be seen as a humble addition to the existing knowledge.

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 Keywords

Soft stone, craft, jali work, Varanasi, Product design, Ideation process etc.

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In Governments supply chains, implementation of online systems is a challenge due to several stakeholders' involvement and their difficulties in active participation. Any supply chain system's objective is to economize the total cost ownership (TCO). To assess the outcomes of online supply systems, continuous measurement of key performance indicators is a must and to take corrective action further towards cost savings. The last 15 years implemented electronic procurement systems in Indian Railway has benefitted the organization to enhance public procurement ethics of Equity, fairness, transparency besides Value for money spent on public procurement. In this paper the issues faced in the erstwhile systems are studied and how Indian Railway implemented supply systems benefitted in improving the KPI of supply chain. The performance is measured duly by comparing old systems

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 Keywords

Electronic procurement, Public procurement, supply chain performance, Indian Railway procurement

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Leprosy is a treatable disease that has been largely eradicated in many countries, including India, thanks to the widespread availability of effective and safe medications. The treatment of leprosy has evolved significantly over the years, starting with the use of chaulmoogra oil in 1915, followed by dapsone monotherapy in 1946, and eventually transitioning to multidrug therapy (MDT) in 1982. In recent decades, however, there have been reports of resistance to all first-line drugs, highlighting the need for clinical trials exploring newer, more potent drugs and their combinations to combat Mycobacterium leprae.

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Leprosy, Multidrug Therapy, Mycobacterium leprae, Skin Disease, Nerve Damage

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ABSTRACT: Career choice is an important milestone of an individual's life. Career selection is one of the very challenging decisions of life which not only decides the future but also defines one's personal and professional growth. Parental pressure has been found to greatly impact on the career selection process of their children. However it negatively effects on the emotional and mental health on their children. Parents are much concern on career choice and its effects on the life of their children. Expectations come from parents to be the best for their children that meet to unwavering, smooth and comfort lives. The study focuses on effects of parental pressure on decision making on career choice of the students. Academic environment gradually become competitive, the active involvement of parents can often direct their child's academic as well as career choices, which in turn can affect students' career aspirations. The primary objective of the study was to examine the nature of parental involvement and its effects on career- decision making processes of the students. It can be summarised that parental expectations can encourage students to succeed academically, on the other way immense expectation leads to stress, low self-esteem and disinterest in some careers. This findings highlighted the need for balanced parental support and the importance of fostering student's autonomy and independency in career decision-making. The study concluded with recommendations of reducing harmful parental pressure, promoting more open communication between students and parents, and encouraging career guidance programs in school.

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Parental Pressure, career choice, Secondary school students, carer decision

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This analysis probes the complex bond linking society sacred writings, and the development of ethical and moral standards. It challenges the common view that sacred texts are the sole base for morals asserting that moral values have independence from holy teachings. The document explores the idea of true spirituality going past traditional faith suggesting individuals can possess profound spiritual depths without belonging to any established religious crew. In conclusion, this piece ponders the significance of these insights for modern communities.

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 Keywords

1. Ethical and Moral Values 2. Religious Texts 3. Spirituality 4. Secular Humanism 5. Organized Religion 6. Moral Development 7. Universality of Morality 8. Non-Religious Contexts 9. Pluralism 10. Tolerance 11. Religiosity 12. Spiritual but Not Religious (SBNR) 13. Immanuel Kant 14. John Stuart Mill 15. Lawrence Kohlberg 16. Friedrich Nietzsche 17. Ralph Waldo Emerson 18. Civil Rights Movement 19. LGBTQ+ Rights 20. Progressive Social Values

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One of the most frequent natural catastrophes that causes significant harm to property, crops, the economy, and human lives is flooding. For scholars who have been trying to forecast floods for a long time, flood prediction presents a significant difficulty. This article proposes a flood forecasting model that makes use of the federated learning approach. By preventing data from being exchanged over the network for model training, Federated Learning, the most sophisticated machine learning (ML) approach, addresses network latency issues that arise in flood prediction while guaranteeing data privacy, availability, and security. Instead of transferring large data sets to a central server for local model aggregation and global data model training at the central server, the Federated Learning approach encourages onsite training of local data models and concentrates on transmitting these local models across the network. The suggested model in this article combines locally trained models of eighteen clients, determines which station is likely to experience flooding, and provides a flood alarm with a five-day lead time for a particular client. At the client station where the flood is anticipated, a local feed forward neural network (FFNN) model is developed. The local FFNN model's flood forecasting module uses a number of regional factors as input to estimate the anticipated water level. From 2015 to 2021, a dataset of five distinct rivers and barrages was gathered, taking into account four factors: hydrodynamics, flow routing, rainfall-runoff, and snow melting. The suggested flood forecasting model has an 84% accuracy rate in predicting past floods that occurred in the chosen area between 2010 and 2015. As an addition, we employed sophisticated algorithms such as Convolution2D Neural Networks, which are well-liked across all fields due to their successful and accurate prediction accuracy of over 90%. Therefore, we have extended flood forecasting with CNN2D to increase accuracy.

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Feed-forward neural networks, federated learning, flood forecasting systems, hydrology, and meteorology Convolutional Two-D Neural System

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The user-friendly interface of the application allows farmers and agricultural professionals to easily capture and analyze leaf images using smartphones, providing real-time feedback and actionable insights. this plant disease detection application represents a significant advancement in agricultural technology, offering a practical solution for enhancing crop health management and contributing to global food security. Future work will focus on expanding the disease database, improving model accuracy, and integrating additional features such as pest identification and weather impact analysis. The system is built on a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture trained on a diverse dataset comprising thousands of labeled images of healthy and diseased plants. The application can identify common diseases such as leaf spot, powdery mildew, and blight, providing users with accurate disease classifications and severity assessments.

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Image processing, Crop health monitoring, Agriculture technology, Machine learning, Convolutional neural networks (CNN)

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On March 9, 2015, the Bihar government declared the state policy for women empowerment to ensure that women participate in mainstream development (Times, 2015). This study delves into the factors that influence the adoption of governmental policies and measures taken by the Bihar government for women's empowerment in the state of Bihar and the role of SHG for women's empowerment. Addressing the needs for enhanced access to education, health, and employment for women in Bihar is crucial for promoting overall societal development and gender equality. Addressing this subject requires the development of an ecosystem that is conducive to supporting entrepreneurs, and specifically, women entrepreneurs. The collaborative effort of government, business, and society is needed to tackle economic challenges like job creation, capital market flexibility, liquidity, and labour market flexibility.

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Bihar. Government, Women Empowerment; Panchayat Samitis; SHG;

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The foundation of Indian aesthetic philosophy is found in various schools of thoughts such as Rasa, Alamkara, Vakrokti, Riti, Auchitya, and Dhvani. Excepting the Natyashastra, which is an encyclopedia on the art of drama and inclusive of the visual art forms, the other theories originate from ancient and medieval Sanskrit literature. For centuries, these literary aesthetic concepts have been applied to various visual art forms for comprehending and appreciating their beauty. This paper attempts a verbatim application of these theories to visual expressions in miniature paintings with an aim to evaluate their application and investigate the profundity of interrelationship between the literature and the arts. The methodology adopted is a comparative analysis of formal compositional elements of miniature paintings with the terminologies mentioned in these aesthetic theories; as found in ancient Sanskrit texts such as Natyashastra, Kayva Alamkara, Dhvanyaloka etc. The selection of visuals has been done through random sampling method from the popular Rajasthani, Mughal and Pahari tradition. The evaluation is based on observation of similarities found in the visual and the literary mediums. It has been found that the theory of Rasa has been extensively and eloquently applied by many historians to appreciate the beauty of Indian miniature paintings. Surprisingly, the other aesthetic theories, though accepted as essential to Indian aesthetic thought have barely been utilized in deciphering the nuances of these paintings. One does find a cursory mention of Alamkara or Dhvani with reference to paintings, but the same cannot be said affirmatively about all these philosophies. It is concluded that the descriptions of these paintings as found in various sources consider these theories for critically evaluating their essence; but do not explain them in terms of the nomenclatures which are specific to these aesthetic schools of thought.

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 Keywords

Indian, Aesthetics, Miniature, Rasa, Alamkara, Riti, Dhvani, Vakrokti, Guna, Dosha

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The emergence of Buddhism in the regions of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh represents a significant chapter in the religious and cultural history of India. Rooted in the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha, Buddhism spread across various parts of the subcontinent, profoundly influencing local societies. This influence is particularly evident in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, where archaeological evidence, ancient texts, and historical narratives reveal a vibrant Buddhist heritage that flourished between the 3rd century BCE and the 13th century CE. The construction of stupas, monasteries, and sculptures in these areas not only reflects the architectural prowess of the time but also illustrates the socio-religious dynamics that allowed Buddhism to thrive alongside other belief systems. Understanding this intricate tapestry of history facilitates a deeper appreciation of Buddhisms role in shaping the cultural identity of these states, paving the way for a comprehensive exploration of its historical significance. A. Overview of Buddhism's historical significance in India and its spread to Telangana and Andhra Pradesh Buddhisms historical significance in India is paramount, particularly as it emerged in the 6th century BCE, influencing spiritual thought and social structures across the subcontinent. As the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, gained traction, they catalyzed social reform and provided alternative philosophical perspectives that challenged Vedic orthodoxy. This transformation extended to regions such as Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, where Buddhism flourished under the patronage of various dynasties, notably the Mauryas. The establishment of stupas and monastic complexes, such as those at Nagarjunakonda, symbolizes this spread and demonstrates the integration of Buddhist practices into local cultures. The historic trading routes further facilitated the dissemination of Buddhist thought, allowing it to adapt and thrive within diverse communities. Thus, the historical trajectory of Buddhism not only shaped spiritual landscapes but also contributed to the socio-cultural fabric of these regions, cementing its enduring legacy in Indian history.

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 Keywords

Historical Development ,Buddhism ,Cultural Impact ,

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