Volume 13 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

This study aimed principally to asses the contamination of heavy metals like Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, and Pb are analysis in water, sediment and food fish Channa striata from the lake Kolleru. The study of contamination levels will be use full for environmental remediation and ecosystem restoration at contaminated sites and its provides a scientific data and protective measures for the lake. The study aimed principally to access such contamination by examining the results of heavy metals Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, and Pb analysis in water Sediment and food fish Channa. This study would allow identification of different accumulation metals as well as provides as assessment of the Magnitude of the metal contamination in the swamp environment.

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STUDIES ON HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION IN WATER, SEDIMENT AND FOOD FISH CHANNA STRIATA FROM LAKE KOLLERU, ANDHRA PRADESH

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The field of drug delivery has witnessed transformative advancements through the emergence of Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS), Which aim to optimize therapeutic efficacy , minimize side effects, and enhance patient compliance . This comprehensive review explores the latest innovations in NDDS , focusing on key technologies such as nanoparticles , liposomes, dendrimers, and transdermal systems. It highlights their applications in targeted drug delivery , controlled release mechanisms ,and overcoming challenges associated with conventional methods , such as poor bioavailability and systemic toxicity. Furthermore , the article discusses the integration of nanotechnology , polymer science, and biotechnology in advancing in advancing NDDS , along with their implications in treating chronic diseases, cancer , and neurological disorders. Emphasis is also placed on regulatory challenges and future directions to ensure the successful translation of these innovations into clinical practice. This review underscores NDDS as a pivotal aspect of modern pharmacology , promising to redefine therapeutic strategies and improve global healthcare outcomes.

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NDDS

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Substance use among adolescents especially cannabis, is becoming a public health problem in the District Mandi (H.P.). School-based health education is an appropriate approach for improving students' knowledge regarding substance use in an attempt to prevent or reduce such problem. The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention for senior secondary school students to improve their knowledge for substance use and its negative consequences, which will, in turn, motivate students to take protective measures against substance use. The objective of study was to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on effects of substance abuse among adolescent boys in selected senior secondary schools District Mandi (Himachal Pradesh). Material and methods: A quantitative research approach and Pre-experimental research design, with one group pre- test and post-test design was chosen for the study, conducted at Govt. Senior secondary school, Rakhota, Distt. Mandi (H.P.), Vardhman Mahavir public school Sunder Nagar Distt. Mandi (H.P). The samples consisted 100 adolescent boys selected using as purposive sampling technique. A structured teaching programme on effects of substance abuse was the intervention of the study. The pre and post-test knowledge score on effects of substance abuse was assessed using self-structured knowledge questionnaire.

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Adolescent, substance abuse, effects of substance abuse.

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Nephrotoxicity, a significant adverse effect of numerous drugs and toxic substances, poses a major challenge to renal health globally. The use of herbal remedies such as Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) and Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) has garnered attention due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and nephroprotective properties. This review explores the potential mechanisms through which these herbs mitigate nephrotoxicity, focusing on their bioactive compounds, such as bacosides and piperine. Emphasis is placed on their ability to reduce oxidative stress, regulate inflammatory pathways, and enhance the detoxification of nephrotoxic agents. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of combining Brahmi and Black Pepper are discussed, offering promising insights into their therapeutic application in kidney health. Comprehensive evaluation of preclinical and clinical studies underscores the potential of these herbs in developing alternative strategies for nephrotoxicity management. Future research directions and the importance of standardized formulations are also highlighted.

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Brahmi, Black Pepper, Nephrotoxicity, Bacosides, Piperine, Antioxidant, Synergistic Effects

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Keloid are abnormal disfiguring scars which are theorized to form as a result of disturbances of normal balance between an increased synthesis of collagen and extracellular matrix and reduced degradation of these products. Keloid are yet considered a difficult task for the doctors to treat as there is an high probability of their recurrent growth and extension. The hypothesis for keloid formation is the dysregulation of collagen remodelling by inflammatory mediators like transforming growth factor beta, interlukin-1,6, tumour necrosis factor and vascular growth factor during healing of scar. Assessment of scar is mainly based on radiology and clinical approach. Laser therapies, steroids, radiation, anti inflammatory and chemotherapeutic molecules, cryotherapy all these treatment procedures are used for decreasing keloid symptomatology and its regrowth; but yet there are no standardized treatment protocols for keloid. Homoeopathy on the other hand has been proved beneficial in treating keloid formation and its regrowth without having any adverse effect to body as well as proved cost-effective comparison to others modes of treatment available.

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Keloid, collagen, scar, Homoeopathy

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Low birth weight (LBW) is a global public health issue affecting 30 million neonates, with developing nations accounting for 95%. It is linked to neurological impairment, developmental delays, academic dysfunction, and functional deterioration, making children six to ten times more prone to developing other diseases like cardiovascular and diabetes. The World Health Organization reports a 15% prevalence of LBW globally, with factors such as malnutrition, lack of healthcare, and adolescent motherhood contributing to the issue. South Asia has the highest prevalence, often exceeding 20%, due to factors like maternal undernutrition and socioeconomic challenges. LBW infants face significant short-term and long-term health outcomes, including increased mortality risks, developmental issues, respiratory issues, nutritional challenges, and jaundice. Strategies to address LBW include expanding healthcare coverage, improving nutritional support, supporting education, advocating for policies, and community-based interventions in low-resource settings.

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Low birth weight, Epidemiology of low birth weight, Factors associated with LBW, Prevalence and distribution of LBW, Impact of LBW on Neonatal Health , Monitoring and early detection, Nutritional intervention, Maternal nutrition and LBW, Impact of socioeconomic factors on LBW , Intervention for LBW neonates in low resource setting, Community-based intervention, Quality and accessibility of healthcare facilities, Barriers to healthcare facilities, Antenatal care and LBW prevention, Health system

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Accurate attendance management remains a persistent challenge in educational settings, where traditional roll-call methods are often inefficient and vulnerable to inaccuracies such as proxy attendance. This research introduces an innovative automated attendance system that utilizes facial recognition technology to enhance the reliability and efficiency of attendance tracking. The proposed system captures images of students at designated intervals during class sessions, thereby minimizing disruption. Utilizing advanced Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for facial recognition, the system identifies students in real time and automatically records their attendance. Each entry is logged with the corresponding subject ID and timestamp, ensuring a comprehensive attendance history. Feature extraction is performed using FaceNet, which effectively maps facial features into a compact representation, while classification is achieved through Support Vector Machines (SVM), allowing for precise identification. This approach not only streamlines the attendance process but also bolsters the security of attendance records by eliminating the potential for fraud. The implementation of this system demonstrates significant improvements in attendance accuracy and operational efficiency, providing educators with a reliable tool to monitor student participation. This research highlights the transformative potential of facial recognition technology in educational administration, paving the way for more innovative solutions in attendance management

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Face Recognition, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Automated Attendance System, Feature Extraction, FaceNet, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Attendance Management, Deep Learning, Student Attendance, Real-time Identification, Educational Technology, Image Processing, Proxy Attendance Detection

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Urbanization has brought many changes to the areas surrounding Hyderabad, particularly impacting the dairy industry in these regions. This study looks at how urban growth has affected dairy farming in the peri-urban areas of Hyderabad. The aim of this study is to understand how urbanization has changed dairy farming practices, milk production, and the livelihoods of dairy farmers. To do this, both surveys and interviews were conducted with farmers and people involved in urban planning. The study found that as cities grow, there is less land and water available for dairy farming, leading to higher production costs. Farmers also face problems with managing waste from cattle due to reduced space. However, being close to the city also gives farmers the advantage of selling their dairy products more easily and at better prices. But this also comes with the need for better infrastructure and efficient transportation. Many dairy farmers are switching from traditional farming methods to more commercial ones to meet the growing demand for dairy products in urban areas. The study also explores how government policies and urban planning can help dairy farmers adapt to these changes. In conclusion, while urbanization offers some economic benefits, it also creates serious challenges for the environment and dairy farming practices. The research suggests that proper planning is needed to support the dairy industry and make sure it remains sustainable in the future.

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Urbanization, Dairy Industry, Hyderabad, livelihoods, Economic Impact.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Curriculum and syllabus, though used interchangeably, and in the same perspective, as if having the same implication, are different from each other. It consists of other things like co-curricular, library, laboratory, workshop, playground, and informal activities which are the result of continuous interactions between students and teachers. The present paper reviews the teaching of English from school education with a critical perspective.

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Education, Curriculum, Syllabus, Skills, Sub-Skills, Socialization, Teaching/Learning Process, Procedure, Activity.

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Abstract: Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have emerged as a significant tool in the professional development of teachers. The integration of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) into teacher professional development has garnered significant attention as an innovative and flexible approach to continuous learning. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficacy of MOOCs in the professional development of teachers and understand how this platform impacts teachers' instructional practices and their integration of technology in the classroom. The landscape of education is continually evolving, driven by technological advancements and changing societal needs. Traditional methods of professional development often involve in-person workshops, seminars, and conferences, which can be time-consuming and costly. MOOCs offer a flexible and scalable alternative, allowing teachers to engage in continuous learning at their own pace and convenience. The study recommends enhancing course quality, increasing interaction, providing adequate technical support, and developing strategies to boost course completion rates. Utilizing qualitative insights, to provide a comprehensive analysis in this paper. Key aspects include MOOC content alignment with curriculum standards, the level of engagement and interaction fostered within the courses, and the sustainability of these learning experiences in translating to improved classroom practices and student outcomes The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how these digital platforms can be optimized to support educators' continuous growth and adaptation to the evolving educational landscape. By employing a comprehensive evaluation framework, this research aims to provide valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and MOOC developers, ultimately harnessing the power of online learning to enhance teacher effectiveness and student achievement. Despite these benefits, challenges such as varying course quality and technical issues persist. The study recommends enhancing course quality, increasing interaction, providing adequate technical support, and developing strategies to boost course completion rates. By addressing these challenges, MOOCs and online courses can become more effective tools for teacher professional development, ultimately leading to improved educational outcomes.

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 Keywords

Keywords: MOOCs, Teacher Professional Development, Instructional Practices, Educational Technology.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition