Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Financial Technology's (FinTech) explosive growth has significantly changed the financial services sector. With the help of digital innovation, online banking has developed from a supplemental service to a vital part of contemporary business. This essay examines the FinTech revolution and how it will affect internet banking in the future from a business standpoint. It looks at important technologies, how they affect banking operations and consumer satisfaction, and the difficulties that financial organizations face. In order to maintain sustainable growth, the report underlines how FinTech is changing commercial banking and stresses the necessity of regulatory balance and technological preparedness.

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 Keywords

FinTech, Online Banking, Digital Commerce, Financial Innovation, E-Banking

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India is called as land of various tradition and culture. Handicraft is a part of expressing culture. Narikuravas are having less literacy level and depend on their family business for the supply of unprocessed material, funding and promote of finished products. When talking about handicrafts it again categorised into hand-made, semi-handmade and machine made. Hand-made and semi handmade handicrafts are come out with specialised skills of a craftsman also called as artisans. They give life to tradition in terms of shape, design, colour and attractive product. When talking about globalization accessibility to market is now boundary less and products are made available to everywhere and everyone. E-commerce and E-business having more impact on marketing. This attentiveness to be created along with artisans and it's a responsibility to enrich the traditional sector. Many opportunities are accessible in the division of handicraft, and it is contributing for economic development and generation of employment

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Handmade products, Narikuravas, Handicraft, herbal

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Kamala Markandaya, a distinguished Indo-English novelist, consistently investigates the psychological, cultural, and social pressures that mold human identity and the desire for belonging in an India undergoing rapid transformation. Her characters--from landless villagers and uprooted migrants to traditional women and modern intellectuals--reflect the multiple influences that shape personal identity: colonial legacies, industrial expansion, migration, generational divides, gender expectations, and economic uncertainty. This paper analyzes how Markandaya addresses the quest for identity and belonging in six of her major works: Nectar in a Sieve, Some Inner Fury, A Silence of Desire, Possession, The Nowhere Man, and The Golden Honeycomb. Drawing on sociological, postcolonial, and psychological approaches, the study argues that Markandaya's characters remain suspended between opposing worlds--rural and urban, traditional and modern, Eastern and Western, individual and collective. Ultimately, she illustrates that identity is never fixed but constantly redefined by loss, displacement, cultural encounters, and inner resilience. Her fiction offers profound insight into the universal need for belonging in a world characterized by upheaval, tension, and fragmentation.

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 Keywords

displacement, postcolonialism, tradition, modernity, diaspora, psychological conflict.

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Menarche signifies the onset of puberty and the ability of female to potentially reproduce in future. It is a period of mild haemorrhage which occurs approximately once in each month, during which the uterine epithelium is sloughed off and expelled out. It is the discharge of blood and elements of the uterine mucous membrane.This study was conducted with 30 samples (pre-adolescent girls) in quantitative approaches, Quasi experimental with one group pre-test post-test design, sampling selection was done by random sampling technique. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit the knowledge of pre- adolescent girls.at Govt. High school, Andharua, Jagannath prasad, Bhubaneswar. The study was revealed that among pre-adolescent girls according to the findings, in pre- test 60.4% pre-adolescent girls had average knowledge and 39.6% had good knowledge, in post-test 15% had average knowledge and 85% had good knowledge. The mean knowledge score of pre-tests is 16 and standard deviation was 4.96. The pair 't' value is 16.71 and 'p' value is 0.05.

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Assess,Effectiveness,structured teaching programme,knowledge, menarche,pre-adolescent girls

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The present study investigates the effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) addition on the strength and durability characteristics of concrete and compares its performance with conventional concrete prepared using water. Concrete specimens of M30 grade were produced by incorporating NaOH in controlled proportions, while conventional concrete without NaOH served as the reference mix. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength were evaluated at curing ages of 7, 14, and 28 days under standard water curing conditions. Durability characteristics including water absorption, acid resistance, and alkaline resistance were also examined. The experimental results indicate that the addition of NaOH enhances both strength and durability properties of concrete, attributed to improved hydration reactions and densification of the concrete microstructure. The study demonstrates that NaOH-modified concrete can offer improved performance compared to conventional concrete, making it a potential option for enhanced durability applications.

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Sodium hydroxide (NaOH); Modified concrete; Mechanical properties; Durability; Conventional concrete

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Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is defined as the involuntary loss of urine and is a significant public health concern worldwide. It affects 13.9% of males and 51.1% of females. Although commonly associated with elderly and parous women, UI is also reported among younger and nulliparous women. The condition negatively impacts quality of life, causing embarrassment, psychological distress, and social withdrawal. Risk factors include increasing age, parity, vaginal delivery, obesity, pelvic surgery, chronic cough, constipation, and chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and neurological disorders. OBJECTIVE To find the awareness of urinary incontinence in elderly females in Alandi area using a self-made questionnaire. METHODS A observational study was conducted on 373 participants aged 60 to 80 years in alandi . Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing awareness, symptoms of urinary leakage, impact on daily activities, and knowledge regarding physiotherapy management. Results: The findings revealed that 71% of females were unaware of urinary incontinence, while only 28.7% had knowledge about it. Night-time urination more than once was reported by 44.7% of participants. Urine leakage during coughing or sneezing was experienced by 44.5%, and 31.3% reported leakage while bending or lifting objects. Leakage during walking or exercise was reported by 21.2%. Although 19.8% required frequent underwear changes and 18.2% reported work being affected, the majority reported minimal functional limitation. Awareness regarding physiotherapy was low: 74.3% were unaware of physiotherapy, 95.7% did not know it could be used for UI, and 97.9% were unaware that it could reduce symptoms. Additionally, 79.9% had never consulted a gynaecologist for the condition. Conclusion: The study highlights low awareness and poor healthcare-seeking behaviour regarding urinary incontinence and its physiotherapy management. Community education and early intervention strategies are essential to improve knowledge, reduce stigma, and enhance quality of life among women.

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 Keywords

Urinary Incontinence; Women; Awareness; Quality of Life; Physiotherapy.

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Cricket is a physically demanding sport with a high incidence of musculoskeletal injuries, particularly among bowlers and batsmen due to improper biomechanics, repetitive strain, and fatigue. Traditional injury prevention approaches primarily depend on manual observation and coaching expertise, which may not consistently detect subtle biomechanical deviations. This research presents CricketGuardAI, an AI-powered cricket injury prevention system that utilizes human pose estimation to analyze player posture using static image upload and real-time camera-based detection. The proposed system employs computer vision techniques to extract skeletal landmarks and compute joint angles from single-frame posture inputs. These biomechanical parameters are evaluated against predefined safety thresholds to classify injury risk into low, medium, and high levels. Additionally, the framework generates cricket-specific alerts such as wrist over-flexion and ankle over-rotation, enabling targeted corrective feedback. The system is lightweight, non-invasive, and does not require wearable sensors or laboratory equipment, making it suitable for practical training environments. The results demonstrate that AI-driven pose estimation combined with rule-based biomechanical analysis can effectively support proactive injury prevention and data-driven coaching in cricket.

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Cricket Injury Prevention, Pose Estimation, Biomechanics, Computer Vision, Injury Risk Classification, Artificial Intelligence

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Agriculture in India is highly vulnerable to climatic uncertainties, leading to income instability among farmers. The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) was introduced to provide financial risk protection through affordable crop insurance. While awareness plays a crucial role in enrollment, farmers' attitude determines sustained participation and trust in the scheme. The present study examines the attitude of farmers towards PMFBY in Shivamogga District, Karnataka. Using a descriptive and analytical research design, primary data were collected from 440 farmers across Shivamogga, Shikaripura, and Soraba taluks. Statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation, t-test, and ANOVA were applied. The findings reveal that 45.68% of farmers exhibit a high positive attitude, while 25.68% show low attitude levels. Significant differences were observed across taluk, gender, social category, farm size, education, and income. The study concludes that socio-economic factors significantly influence farmers' attitude towards PMFBY and recommends targeted interventions to improve inclusiveness and satisfaction.

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PMFBY, Farmers' Attitude, Crop Insurance, Agricultural Risk, Shivamogga District

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Financial literacy has become an essential life skill in the contemporary economic environment characterized by rapid technological advancement and increasing financial complexity. This study examines the impact of financial literacy on personal budgeting and saving habits among Generation Z. The primary objective is to analyse how financial knowledge influences financial behaviour, budgeting practices, and saving patterns among young individuals. The study is based on primary data collected from 127 Generation Z respondents through a structured questionnaire covering demographic details, financial literacy awareness, budgeting practices, and saving habits. Secondary data were gathered from journals, research papers, government reports, and other relevant sources. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, ANOVA, and correlation analysis were employed to interpret the data. The findings reveal that the majority of respondents, mainly aged between 18 and 22 years, possess basic financial knowledge acquired through formal education and workshops. Most respondents demonstrate a positive attitude towards saving, primarily for future security and emergency purposes, and recognize the importance of preparing personal budgets to control expenditure. The study also identifies a significant relationship between financial literacy and saving behaviour. The research concludes that financial literacy plays a crucial role in shaping responsible financial behaviour among Generation Z. Enhancing structured financial education programs can further strengthen budgeting discipline and long-term saving habits, thereby contributing to individual financial well-being and overall economic development.

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Financial Literacy, Budget, Gen Z

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This study examines the transformative path of digitalization in India, identifying it as one of the most considerable service-led shifts in modern history. By remodeling India into a "knowledgeable economy," the initiative has synchronized the public accountability and restructured governance into a more transparent, participative, and responsive system. The integration of advanced technological innovations, the campaign has fundamentally improved the quality of life and made ease to access to government services across diverse sectors. However, this digital transformation is accompanied by a complex set of systemic challenges--the "thorns" of the digital rose. This paper highlights a multi-dimensional digital divide, characterized by a persistent urban-rural gap and significant gender disparity in smart phone ownership and internet autonomy. Furthermore, the fast digitization of sensitive personal records has outpaced existing legal protections, leading to heightened concerns regarding cyber security, digital fraud, and state surveillance. While the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act (2023) marks a critical legislative highlight, its implementation is hindered by high compliance costs and low public awareness. Additional obstacles are the language barriers, a widening skills gap, the viral spread of misinformation or disinformation, a burgeoning e-waste crisis, pose significant threats to sustainable progress. This paper concludes that while digitalization has redefined the Indian socio-economic landscape, achieving an equitable and secure digital future requires a holistic approach to bridge these socio-technical gaps.

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 Keywords

Digital India, Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI), Digital Divide, DPDP Act 2023, Cyber security, E-waste, Governance.

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