Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

ABSTRACT Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have become an important source of livelihood in rural India. In districts like Dhamtari of Chhattisgarh, where most people depend on agriculture, MSMEs provide additional income and employment opportunities. This study is based on primary data collected from rural MSMEs in Dhamtari district. The paper examines how MSMEs help in employment generation and improvement in income levels of rural households. Simple statistical tools have been used to analyze the data. The study finds that MSMEs play a positive role in livelihood generation, though they face problems such as lack of finance, poor infrastructure, and limited market access.

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 Keywords

MSMEs Enterprises, Rural Livelihood, Employment, Primary Data, Dhamtari District.

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Manual attendance management is often inefficient and error-prone. This paper presents an automated Defaulter List Generation System using Machine Learning to streamline monitoring and improve accuracy. The system utilizes a three-tier architecture (Admin, Subject Teacher, Class Teacher) to validate data and automate defaulter identification based on prescribed thresholds. Beyond generating reports, the model predicts potential defaulters to enable proactive academic intervention. This solution minimizes manual effort while ensuring scalability and transparency in educational environments.

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Machine Learning, Attendance Management System, Defaulter Prediction, Automated Reporting, Web Application, Predictive Analytics, Educational Technology.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent joint inflammation, pain, and functional disability. Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent among individuals with RA and appear to influence disease activity and overall quality of life (QoL). This systematic review synthesizes evidence from observational, longitudinal, and interventional studies examining the association between sleep problems, RA disease activity, and QoL outcomes. Literature across major scientific databases was reviewed, and key studies exploring sleep quality, inflammatory markers, pain levels, functional status, and psychological variables in RA patients were analyzed. Findings consistently demonstrate that over 50% of RA patients experience poor sleep quality, commonly presenting as difficulty initiating sleep, frequent awakenings, and non-restorative sleep. Poor sleep was strongly related to increased disease activity, elevated inflammatory markers, higher pain severity, and reduced physical and mental QoL. Several studies identified a bidirectional relationship in which disease activity and pain worsen sleep, while poor sleep amplifies inflammation and symptom severity. Although disease-modifying treatments improve sleep outcomes, variability in study protocols and sample sizes limit broader conclusions. Overall, sleep disturbances represent a critical yet underrecognized component in RA management.

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Rheumatoid arthritis, sleep quality, disease activity, inflammation, quality of life.

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Women make substantial contributions to both rural and urban economies, yet their work often goes unnoticed in policy frameworks, statistical systems, and social narratives. This paper investigates the ways in which women assert economic agency within rural agrarian systems and urban informal sectors, despite enduring structural barriers. Using insights from feminist economic theory, labor data, and field studies, the discussion examines unpaid care duties, domestic labor, informal employment, and migration. It identifies key obstacles--including inequitable land rights, wage disparities, and restrictive gender norms--while also emphasizing women's resilience and collective action through cooperatives and labor unions. The paper ultimately argues that acknowledging and valuing women's invisible labor is essential for fair and inclusive development. Effective policy must include legal safeguards, supportive social infrastructure, and improved measurement systems that fully capture women's economic participation.

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 Keywords

invisible labor, unpaid care, informal sector, rural workforce, urban domestic workers, gender inequality.

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The neonatal period represents a highly sensitive and decisive phase of human life, requiring organized, gentle, and evidence-based care. Ayurveda describes a systematic approach to newborn care known as Jatamatra Paricharya, which outlines essential protocols for promoting neonatal health. Abhyanga is an integral component of this regimen. The practice of neonatal massage using lubricants is prevalent worldwide and closely resembles the Ayurvedic concept of Abhyanga. In clinically stable neonates, Abhyanga can be safely performed with appropriate caution, taking into account specific indications and contraindications. Abhyanga contributes to improved strength, nourishment, and skin health, and supports optimal growth and development in newborns. Reported benefits include enhanced weight gain, reduction in pain and stress, improved alertness, decreased depressive behavior, and improved immune responses, including increased natural killer cell activity. While performing Abhyanga, harmful traditional practices and social taboos such as forceful stretching of limbs or manipulation of ear and nasal cartilages should be strictly avoided. The selection of oil should be individualized, considering the infant's constitution and local climatic conditions. Among various Ayurvedic oil formulations, Bala Taila is regarded as one of the most suitable oils for neonatal Abhyanga. Although Abhyanga is often categorized as a complementary or traditional therapy, it holds significant potential in promoting neonatal health and supporting modern healthcare practices. This article presents a systematic review aiming to highlight the relevance and contribution of Ayurvedic newborn care protocols in enhancing neonatal health, thereby offering valuable insights to contemporary healthcare systems.

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Abhyanga, Jatamatra Paricharya, Neonate, Ayurveda, Newborn Care.

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Tara June Winch's The Yield foregrounds the significance of Wiradjuri language, tradition and living practices as vital mechanisms for cultural continuity and resilience amidst past and present challenges. The novel demonstrates that language is not merely a symbolic inheritance but a living practice that reconnects individuals to their ancestors, Country and community. Albert Gondiwindi's dictionary-making and the reclamation of ancestral words exemplify this ethical and epistemic engagement. Beyond language, the narrative highlights other living practices such as storytelling, yarning, Caring for Country, respect for Elders, kinship obligations and Sorry Business, which embed cultural memory within daily life, sustaining communal identity and ethical relations with the land. These practices serve both as forms of resistance against cultural erasure and as frameworks for maintaining social and ecological balance. By illustrating how these traditions are enacted in contemporary contexts, The Yield underscores the relevance of Aboriginal cultural knowledge, demonstrating that such practices are not relics of the past but active, adaptive strategies that address contemporary concerns, including land rights, environmental stewardship and cultural survival. This paper argues that Winch presents a holistic vision of Indigenous life in which language, ritual and daily practice are intertwined, offering a model for broader recognition of Australian Aboriginal traditions as vital to contemporary cultural, ethical and ecological discourse.

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Cultural Studies, Wiradjuri language, Indigenous epistemology, cultural continuity, Tara June Winch

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Women entrepreneurs are playing a very vital role in the growth of the economy, generation of employment and transformation of the society in the country. They are also playing a very major role in minimising the poverty of the country, development of small and medium scale enterprises and encouraging the inclusive as well as overall growth of the society. The present research study focuses on the role and contribution of the women's entrepreneurship in the development of the Indian economy from the context of Odisha. This study is both descriptive and analytical by nature and here the data have been collected from both primary and secondary sources for analysis and interpretation with the help of simple mathematical tools like tabular and percentage analysis. This present research found that there is a significant contribution of the women's entrepreneurship towards the economy of the country such as the creation of employment opportunities, generation of household income, social and economic development in the country like India. There are also various challenges faced by the women entrepreneurs in India like an inadequate amount of capital, lack of proper training, different social and cultural constraints and weak access to the market etc which affect their growth and development in the country. This present study finally concludes that the factors like financial inclusion, Skill enhancement, supports from the various institutions and awareness about the different government incentives and schemes which will promote the development of the economy of the country with the help of women entrepreneurship.

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Keywords: Women Entrepreneurship, Economic Development, MSME, Women Empowerment, Odisha, Inclusive Growth

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This integrative review examines Bhayaja Atisara, a fear-induced diarrhoeal disorder described in Ayurvedic classical literature, in relation to modern scientific understanding of the brain-gut axis. Ayurvedic texts identify emotional disturbances such as fear and grief as etiological triggers capable of disturbing doshik equilibrium and digestive regulation, resulting in symptoms similar to Vataja Atisara. Contemporary biomedical science explains comparable presentations through stress-mediated neural, endocrine, immune, and microbiota-driven mechanisms linking psychological states with gastrointestinal physiology. The purpose of this article is to provide a structured synthesis of classical textual interpretation and current biomedical research while maintaining scholarly neutrality between epistemological frameworks. Emphasis is placed on descriptive accuracy of Ayurvedic nosology, functional interpretation of brain-gut communication pathways, and identification of interdisciplinary research implications.

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Bhayaja Atisara, Ayurveda, Brain-Gut Axis, Stress Diarrhoea, Vata, Integrative Medicine

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The Indian stock market in 2025 has been characterized by high volatility, experiencing significant downturns in the first half of the year followed by a strong rebound. Despite being affected by global uncertainties, the market's overall resilience is underpinned by India's robust domestic economic fundamentals. The outlook is cautiously hopeful for the rest of 2025 and 2026. Strong domestic demand, constructive policy initiatives, and a favorable macroeconomic climate are anticipated to result in a more stable market direction and earnings recovery by the year's end, notwithstanding the persistence of global uncertainties. There will likely be sectoral changes, with long-term prospects seen in digital services, healthcare, and infrastructure.

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Stable market, Volatility, Regulators ,Returns, Dynamic Relationship

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 Abstract

अद्वितीयं ब्रह्म इति उपनिषत्सिद्धान्तः । तथा च श्रुतिः "एकमेवाद्वितीयम्" इति । सः परमात्मा, मायायाः सत्त्वरजस्तमोगुणानां कार्याणि भवन्ति प्रपञ्चसृष्टिस्थितिलयाः, तन्निर्वाहाय प्रत्येकस्मिन्नपि युगे तस्याः गुणत्रयमाधृत्य ब्रह्मविष्णुशिवत्वेन शरीरधारणं करोति इति । के ते हरिहरब्रह्माणः? तेषां स्वरूपं च किम् ? त्रिमूर्तयः परस्परं भिन्नाः उत न ? हरिहरयोः भेदो वा अभेदो वा इति ।

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मानदीपिकाकायां तथा विष्णुसहस्रनामभाष्ये तदितरग्रन्थेषु च हरि-हराभेदप्रतिपादनम् ।

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