Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Abstract Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a kind of Lung disease that the alveoli is filled with the Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and it has a Positive Proteinaceous material in lips. It is auto immune disease mostly affected by 90% of people. PAP is mainly affected by the Type-II Alveolar cells and alveolar macrophage and causes the abnormalities of Pulmonary Surfactant clearness. The Surfactant (Essential element inside the lungs that prevent the tiny air sac-Alveoli) accumulates within the alveoli due to increase production rather than decrease clearance. It blocks air entering into the alveoli and difficult to pass the oxygen into the blood result in Dyspnea and Hypoxemia. PAP causes some symptoms like a dypnea, cough, chest pain, feeling tired, fever, etc... Lessen exhaustion, coughing, and dyspnea. Take care of hypoxemia, or low blood oxygen. Take the lipoproteinaceous material out of the alveoli physically. Use GM-CSF for autoimmune PAP (aPAP) or treat related disorders (secondary PAP). Prevent respiratory failure and control infections. Methodology: PAP was diagnosed by the chest X-ray, CT scan and confirmed by using the staining of Broncho alveolar lavage fluid(BALF).It can be Evaluated at some conditions like Pulmonary function test, Radiological evaluation, GM-CSF(Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor) signalling test etc.. It has no genetic test to diagnose the Autoimmune PAP. Results: Therapeutic decisions are largely based on disease severity and type of PAP. Patients with mild symptoms monitored by pulmonary function testing, oxygenation, and chest radiography. Patient with the severity antibiotics will be given like Rituximab (Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody)

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 Keywords

BALF, GM-CSF, Surfactant and Dyspnea.

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It has not been long since novels started being written in kokborok literature.Sudhanwa Debbarma is known as a shinning star in the world of Literature he is the first to have written a novel in the kokborok language .he began writing novels while imprisoned in Hazaribagh jail in Bihar during the war between India and china in 1962 on February 26,1987 Hachuk khurio published the first volume of his novel in kokborok.The popular novel Hachuk khurio by author sudhanwa.His novels are written about the customs, traditions, behavior, thoughts, agricultural practices and marriage rules of tribal societies.Through his novels,he has clearly depicted the behaviour of people from tribal communities who are subjected to drug abuse and mistreatment the people who live in rural areas and engage in agriculture work and the upper -class people residing in the urban areas of Agartala.

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kokborok language, kokborok literature, Jonosikha Movement,ktal kothoma magazine

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William Wordsworth remains a key figure in any assessment of writing from the English Romantic period. Fashionable approaches and methods may evolve, but in the context of English Romanticism, they are evaluated based on a established group of key writers. In these discussions, Wordsworth is frequently the main focus, either as a strong supporter of the new theories or as an author whose influence must be challenged to demonstrate the new ideas' creativity and uniqueness. It can be stated that Arnold's predictions have turned out to be correct, while Swinburne's have not. Wordsworth and Byron are the figures who continue to be recognized as key influences in the Standard English poetry of the Romantic period, rather than Coleridge and Shelley. Wordsworth and Byron exemplify the key contrasts in the sensibility and style of their time, with Wordsworth representing a steady English identity and Byron displaying a varied cosmopolitan approach. However, the acknowledgment Wordsworth received during his lifetime was not entirely clear-cut.

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Living soul, common man, emotion, imagination, feeling

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The study of coping skills among national levels athletes based on gender carries significant importance under the domain of sports psychology because it will be beneficial in preparing gender sensitive psychological training program. The present study aims at comparing coping skills of national level male and female team game athletes. The sample consist of 40 male and 40 female interuniversity/national level athletes chosen from team games namely volleyball, basketball, hockey, handball and cricket. Purposively sampling was used for data collection. Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 prepared by Smith et al. (1995) was used for data collection. It was found that coping skills of national level male athletes was significantly higher as compared to national female athletes. It was concluded that coping skills in national level team game athletes are gender specific and need separate psychological training for male and female athletes.

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Coping skills, gender, national level athletes

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Vehicle Networks, CAN Bus Security, Intrusion Detection System, Hybrid Machine Learning, Automotive Cybersecurity, Embedded Systems

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This paper presents a complete laser-based free-space optical (FSO) communication system utilizing a 650nm visible red laser diode for secure short-range audio data transmission exceeding 50 meters. The transmitter employs a PAM8403 class-D audio amplifier and 2N3904 transistor to modulate a 5mW 650nm laser beam via intensity modulation. Data transmission utilizes on-off keying (OOK) at 100 bits per second over an unobstructed line-of-sight optical channel. The receiver employs a solar panel photodetector coupled to PAM8403 amplification for audio signal recovery. Experimental validation confirms reliable transmission across 50+ meter distances with superior security compared to RF wireless systems due to inherent beam directionality. The system demonstrates feasibility of low-cost secure optical communication without spectrum licensing or electromagnetic interference susceptibility. System cost is estimated at $20-50 for prototype implementation, making it suitable for educational demonstrations and secure short-range applications.

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Free-space optical communication, visible light communication, 650nm laser diode, intensity modulation, photodetection, secure communication, line-of-sight transmission, optical security.

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Housing loan insurance plays a crucial role in mitigating credit risk for lending institutions and protecting borrowers against unforeseen contingencies such as death, disability, or income loss. In Karnataka, the rapid growth of housing finance has increased the relevance of mortgage-linked insurance products. This study evaluates the pattern, frequency, causes, settlement efficiency, and financial implications of housing loan insurance claims in Karnataka over a five-year period (2019-2024). Using secondary data from selected housing finance companies (HFCs), commercial banks, and insurance providers, along with structured primary responses from policyholders, the study applies descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis to examine claim ratios, settlement turnaround time, and claim rejection rates. The findings reveal that while claim incidence remains moderate, delays in documentation and lack of borrower awareness significantly affect settlement efficiency. The study highlights the importance of streamlined claim procedures, digital claim tracking systems, and improved borrower education to enhance policy effectiveness. The research provides practical recommendations for insurers, banks, regulators, and policymakers to strengthen housing loan insurance mechanisms and ensure financial stability in Karnataka's housing finance sector.

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Keywords: Credit Risk, Claims, Insurance Mechanisms, Policy Makers.

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Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) represent the backbone of Gujarat's textile industry, generating employment, contributing to exports, and supporting inclusive industrial development. However, these enterprises continue to face systemic constraints that limit their competitiveness and long-term growth. This paper is based on empirical study of 487 textile MSMEs across 28 districts of Gujarat, identifies key enablers and barriers shaping their sustainability. Six enabler constructs - market penetration, adaptability to change, resource availability, product customization, competency, and financial access - and seven barriers - diseconomies of scale, inefficient supply chain management, inadequate regulation, cultural diversity, lack of IT literacy, deficient MIS, and HR challenges - were identified through factor analysis. Further the sample respondents were classified into homogenous clusters based on their perception regarding enablers and barriers of sustainable growth identified through factor analysis. The findings reveal that while opportunities exist in digital adoption, resource mobilization, and policy support, the persistence of structural inefficiencies threatens their sustainability. The paper concludes with policy recommendations focusing on infrastructure development, financing reforms, and digital transformation pathways, emphasizing the need for region-specific interventions in Gujarat's textile MSMEs ecosystem.

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Cluster Analysis, Factor Analysis, Gujarat Textile, MSMEs, Sustainable Growth.

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The management of capstone projects in academic institutions has traditionally relied on fragmented manual processes, leading to inefficiencies in coordination between students, faculty mentors, and administrative staff. This research presents a comprehensive web-based platform designed to streamline the entire capstone project lifecycle through digital transformation. The system integrates project creation, document management, submission tracking, peer review mechanisms, and automated certificate generation into a unified platform. Built using modern web technologies including Next.js, Node.js, Express.js, and MySQL, the platform implements role-based access control supporting six distinct user roles: students, teachers, administrators, managers, coordinators, and academic team members. The system addresses critical challenges including fragmented document storage, version control issues, communication gaps, and inefficient progress monitoring. Performance metrics demonstrate 99.7% system availability, sub-2-second response times, and 95% user adoption rate within the first semester. The platform reduces administrative workload by 60% and eliminates document loss issues while providing real-time tracking and transparent evaluation processes. This study demonstrates that purpose-built digital platforms significantly improve academic project management efficiency, enhance educational outcomes, and prepare students for professional environments where digital collaboration tools are standard practice.

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 Keywords

Capstone Project Management, Academic Information Systems, Digital Transformation, Web Application Development, Educational Technology

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Indian Subcontinent narrates a different tale of gender identity. Undivided India and the societal customs and traditions since the post partition scene plays a pivotal in studying about India as a whole, with Pakistan , India and Bangladesh being still connected by an invisible thread of culture and customs. A culture nurtured under the aegis of the religious mythologies promoting male gods in superior positions, culminated a society adulated in a dominant male ego with an imbalance in gender identity. A consensus that a woman still needs the protection of a husband and a family to survive in this society is a prominent psyche. The recent days, films have become a medium to narrativize such approaches and have well documented the portrayal of the angst of the Indian Subcontinent Women. In most of the movies, women are given a second-tier status; often stereotyped as 'objects' and they are characterized as inferior. However, there are certain movies that serve as the mouthpiece for women cause, and have focused in echoing their voice. The new trend of modern cinema also represents a sexual revolution for the women, who have finally come out to talk explicitly about their sexuality, their desires and concerns. This paper will try to analyze how religion, customs and patriarchy move as a single dominant force in the two selected movies (Bol and Parched) to highlight the role of patriarchy and religion that creates a structure of cultural violence against women. A sense of feminist consciousness pitted against dogmatic patriarchal society drives the narratives of these films. The scope of further research on this topic opens up due to encompassing of the visual narratives of India and Pakistan in a single paper.

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 Keywords

Gender inequality, Religion, Sexuality, Visual Narratives, Patriarchy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition