Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

This paper examines the construction of gender in the Nyishi (Nyishing) tribe of Arunachal Pradesh through a conceptual and thematic approach. Using secondary sources, ethnographic accounts, and feminist theoretical frameworks, the study analyses how customary law, religion, Christianity, and modern social changes shape gender roles and relations. Findings show that customary law and ritual practices continue to privilege male authority, while women's roles, though culturally significant, are often confined to domestic and supportive spheres. At the same time, education, state policies, and Christian influence are gradually opening new spaces for women's participation, leadership, and agency. By applying insights from Judith Butler, Mary Wollstonecraft, Virginia Woolf, and Arundhati Roy, the paper highlights that gender is socially performed, culturally justified, and dynamically negotiated. The study argues that customary law and ritual practices continue to privilege male authority, while women's roles, though culturally significant, are often located within domestic and supportive spheres.

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Nyishi, Nyishing, gender construction, Arunachal Pradesh, customary law, Christianity, Donyi-Polo, feminist anthropology

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This action research study investigates the impact of STEM-based pedagogy on science achievement, critical thinking, and innovation among Grade VIII students. The study compares science average scores of 111 students before and after the systematic integration of STEM strategies in classroom instruction. Quantitative analysis reveals a substantial improvement in average science scores from 49.37 (2024-25) to 59.92 (2025-26). Qualitative classroom observations further indicate enhanced problem-solving ability, analytical thinking, collaboration, and creativity among learners. The findings affirm that STEM-oriented teaching methodologies positively influence academic performance and foster higher-order thinking skills essential for 21st-century learning.

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STEM Education, Science Achievement, Action Research, Critical Thinking, Innovation, Grade VIII

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Mangal Lesh Dabral Ki Kavitao Me Paryavarniya Chintan

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Mangal Lesh Dabral Ki Kavitao Me Paryavarniya Chintan

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The research design chosen for the study was one group pretest posttest design and the research approach was an quantitative approach. This study Design: The approach of the study was descriptive survey approach with case and control research design was utilized to conduct this study. undertaken in Sri Lakshmi Public School at Bangalore. The data was collected through the tool which is prepared by the investigator. The sample size consists of 60 primary school children. The collected information was organized, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics. Analysis was done based on the objectives and hypothesis of the study. The level of significance was set at 0.05 levels. RESULT : Pre-test assessment of level of knowledge indicates that only one-fifth of the subjects were having a moderate amount of knowledge. Remaining 80% were having inadequate level of knowledge and none was holding adequate knowledge. The Mean, SD and Mean% of the pretest general knowledge of primary school children are 12.1, 4.1, and 40.3% respectively Post-test level of knowledge has an amazing 46.6% subjects showed adequate level of knowledge and the remaining 53.3% showed moderate level of knowledge. No subjects appeared with inadequate knowledge post-testily. Mean found 20.7 SD found to be 2.7 and mean percentage, after treatment, changed to 69.1.8%: Compares pretest and posttest levels of knowledge, before self-instructional module80% of the subjects had inadequate level of knowledge and the remaining 20% had moderate level of knowledge. However, after self-instructional module the subjects' level of knowledge improved significantly. 46.7% of the subjects, after self-instructional module showed adequate level of knowledge and the remaining 53.3% showed moderate knowledge. Paired t test was calculated to analyze the difference in pre and post-test knowledge scores of student nurses which show significant difference between the overall scores. Hence the hypothesis H1 is accepted and it can be interpreted that the difference observed in the mean score of the pre and post score were true difference. Conclusion : The primary school children in rural primary school have lacked knowledge regarding personal hygiene and its importance. The pre-test mean score was 20.7. The self-instructional module was very effective in improving the knowledge, since post-test score was found to be significant (46.7). From these findings it could be concluded that, self-instructional module is an effective strategy in improving the knowledge of primary school children regarding, personal hygiene and its importance

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Personal Hygiene, Primary School children

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Swami Vivekanand ke Dharm Darshan ki Vaishvik Prasangikta: Ek Vishleshan ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????-????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??, ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ????, ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????, ???????????? ?????, ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????, ?????????? ??????, ??????? ??????, ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???, ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? '???? ????' ??, ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? '?? ???? ?? ?????? ????' ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??, ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????, ????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????????, ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? 1893 ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???, ?????, ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????

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Swami Vivekanand ke Dharm Darshan ki Vaishvik Prasangikta: Ek Vishleshan

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Retention of teachers is a long-term problem in the privatised schooling systems especially in the non-metropolitan areas where the organisational and resource scarcity coupled with the variability of leadership cause greater instability in workforces. Regardless of the vast research done at the international level, empirically tested predictive models unique to non-metropolitan private schools are limited.The proposed study is a quantitative study proposal that will test a predictive model based on the impact of the institutional support, leadership behaviour and professional growth on teacher retention. Data were gathered using standardised Likert-scale measures on 350 teachers in non-metropolitan, private schools to use a descriptive-correlational design. The use of SPSS was based on reliability analysis, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression. The three organisational predictors had a significant positive impact on teacher retention. The strongest predictor was leadership behaviour ( = 0.47, p <.001), which remained the next predictor (professional growth = 0.29, p =.001) and institutional support ( = 0.21, p =.001). The model offered was found to tell 62 percent of the variation in teacher retention (R 2 = 0.62), which means a high predictive potential. The research contributes to the retention literature by providing a context-specific, empirically supported organisational model of non-metropolitan private schools, which is a low-represented context of education.Results highlight the key importance of leadership capacity-building, institutionalised professional development, and support systems in teacher retention and policy intervention to enlighten policy action in resource-limited schooling contexts.

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Teacher Retention, Leadership Behaviour, Professional Growth, Predictive Model, Non-Metropolitan Private Schools.

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Background: The healthiest living condition for a child is obviously with a family who will love and nurture as well as provide food, shelter and clothing that will ensure this child's survival. The adverse effects of institutional care living have been recognized as a problem for many years. Many of these children suffer from physical neglect, poor hygiene and a lack of a nurturing environment. It is still common even in today's more modern rescue homes. The principal reason of this is a crowded living conditions and poor hygiene. An appropriate intervention of personal hygiene and appropriate sanitation measures and education are essential pre-requisites for the control of most common infections and to improve the nutritional status of child. The children should get health education to bring about desirable changes in health knowledge, attitude and in practice, and not merely to teach the children a set of rules of hygiene. Objectives: 1. To assess the pretest and posttest knowledge scores regarding prevention of selected health problems among rescue home children. 2. To determine an association between post-test knowledge scores regarding prevention of selected health problems among rescue home children with their selected demographic variables. Hypothesis: H1: The mean posttest knowledge score is significantly higher than the mean pretest knowledge scores regarding prevention of selected health problems at 0.05 level. H2: There will be significant association between the posttest knowledge scores with their selected demographic variables at 0.05 significance level. Methodology: The research design consisted of pre-experimental research design of one group pretest and post-test design. The population selected for the study was Children in selected rescue home of Mumbai. The study samples were 60 rescue home children were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The development of the tool involved steps of test construction i.e. preparing the blue print, selection of items, content validation and establishment of reliability. The content validity of the questionnaire was done and modifications were done according to the suggestions given by the experts. Pre-testing and reliability of the tools were done. The reliability coefficient of the cramp score was found to be 0.893.The tool was found to be reliable. Results: At the time of the pre-test, most children had average knowledge (53.3%), while 35% had satisfactory knowledge, 6.67% had good knowledge, 1.67% had excellent knowledge, and 3.33% had poor knowledge. In the post-test, knowledge levels improved significantly: none were in the poor category, 5% had satisfactory knowledge, 11.67% had average knowledge, 16.67% had good knowledge, and the majority (66.67%) achieved excellent knowledge. Section-wise mean scores also increased from pre-test to post-test, indicating that the planned teaching programme was effective in improving knowledge regarding the prevention of selected health problems among children. The pre-test mean score was 11.02 (SD = 2.09), whereas the post-test mean score increased to 17.9 (SD = 4.01). The paired t-test value was 13.148 with a p-value of 0.001, which is less than the significance level of 0.05. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected, indicating that the planned teaching programme was effective in improving knowledge regarding the prevention of selected health problems among children in the selected rescue home. Regarding demographic variables (age, gender, education, religion, and treatment taken for illness), the p-values for their association with both pre-test and post-test knowledge levels were greater than 0.05 (p > 0.05). This indicates that there was no significant association between these demographic variables and the knowledge levels in either the pre-test or post-test. Conclusion and Recommendations: The result of the study clearly shows the positive effect of planned teaching on the knowledge of children regarding prevention of selected health problems. The planned teaching had markedly improved the knowledge of children regarding prevention of selected health problems.

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Effect, Planned Teaching, health problems, children, rescue home.

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India's demographic dividend, characterized by a large and young population, presents both a significant opportunity and a formidable challenge. While this youthful workforce has the potential to drive rapid economic growth, it also necessitates a robust and effective skill development ecosystem to prevent widespread unemployment and to meet the demands of a rapidly evolving job market. This review paper delves into the intricate relationship between skill development initiatives and the persistent issue of unemployability in India, examining the underlying causes, current policies and programs, challenges faced, and potential solutions for harnessing the demographic dividend and fostering inclusive economic growth.

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Skill Development, Unemployability, India, Demographic Dividend

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The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Human Resource Management (HRM) has altered traditional workforce management by enabling intelligent automation, predictive analytics, and evidence-based decision-making. This paper presents a critical industry-oriented analysis of AI adoption within the human resource sector, emphasizing its strategic relevance, operational impact, and ethical implications. Using an extensive review of contemporary academic literature and industry reports, the study evaluates AI-driven HR practices across recruitment, performance evaluation, learning systems, and employee engagement. The analysis reveals that although AI enhances accuracy and efficiency in HR operations, unresolved issues related to algorithmic transparency, data governance, and human oversight limit its full potential. The study proposes a human-centered AI integration approach to ensure responsible and sustainable adoption within the HR industry.

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Artificial Intelligence, Digital HRM, Workforce Analytics, Ethical HR Technology, Strategic Human Resources

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This study examines the evolving literary landscape of intergenerational role reversal within contemporary Indian children's picture books. While traditional literature often portrays the elder as the sole provider of wisdom and protection, this article analyzes a selection of texts that challenge these hierarchies by portraying grandchildren as the primary providers of emotional, physical, and cognitive support. Through a close reading of titles such as Grandmother School, Thukpa for All, and Tara on the Shikara, the paper explores how role reversals redefine the grandchild's agency within the Indian joint family structure. These narratives serve as a tool to prepare young readers for a future of empathetic, intergenerational interdependence. By elevating the child from a passive recipient of care to a proactive guardian of an elder's dignity, these picture books offer a transformative vision of the Indian family unit.

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Grandparents, grandchildren, Indian Picture books, role reversal, caregiver

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