Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

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Nyaya - Vaiseṣika Darsane Karyakaranabhavah

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Nyaya - Vaiseṣika Darsane Karyakaranabhavah

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This study was conducted to comparatively study the educational achievement of students of government and non-government higher secondary schools of Bhopal district. In this, 100 students were selected for the sample, out of which 50 were boys and 50 were girls, who were from Madhya Pradesh. He studied in class 10th in higher secondary schools of Bhopal district. These schools were selected by lottery method using random sampling method. Mean, SD and t-test were used to analyze the data. The result found that there is a significant difference in the educational achievement of students of government and non-government higher secondary schools. In the result it was found that there is a significant difference in the educational achievement of boys and girls of government higher secondary schools. There is no significant difference in the educational achievement of boys and girls of non-government higher secondary schools. There is no significant difference in the educational achievement of students of non-government and government higher secondary schools. There is a huge difference in the educational achievement of girl students in non-government and government higher secondary schools.

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Shaskiy vidyalaya, Ashaskiy Vidyalaya, Uchch Madhyamik Vidyalaya, Shaikshik Uplabdhi,

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The Reserve Bank Integrated Ombudsman Scheme (RB-IOS), 2021 was launched by the Reserve Bank of India to merge the earlier Banking, NBFC, and Digital Transactions Ombudsman schemes into a single, unified grievance redressal framework. The scheme follows a "One Nation - One Ombudsman" approach, removing jurisdictional limits and simplifying complaint filing through a centralized portal, email, and processing centre. It aims to provide cost-free, speedy resolution of customer complaints related to deficiency in services by entities regulated by RBI, such as banks, NBFCs, and payment system participants. Customers can file grievances online, by email, or through physical submission, and track their status centrally. The scheme also includes additional entities like certain cooperative banks, expanding its coverage. Recent trends show rising complaint volumes, highlighting both increased customer awareness and ongoing service issues. Customer perception varies, with ease of access appreciated but delays in resolution remaining a concern. The study analyzes these perceptions and offers insights into improving complaint handling efficiency, transparency, and future prospects of the RB-IOS mechanism.

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Reserve Bank Integrated Ombudsman Scheme (RB-IOS) 2021,Customer Perception, One Nation One Ombudsman,Complaint

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Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus that represents a significant and recurring threat to global public health. Since its first identification in 1998, NiV has caused multiple outbreaks across South and Southeast Asia, demonstrating a high case fatality rate and the potential for rapid geographic spread. The virus exists in distinct strains--most notably the Malaysia and Bangladesh strains--each exhibiting variations in transmission dynamics, virulence, and epidemiological patterns. These differences complicate surveillance and response strategies, underscoring the need for strain-specific research and intervention approaches. NiV infection is characterized by a swift and severe clinical progression, often presenting with acute respiratory distress and fatal encephalitis. The rapid onset and high mortality associated with the virus strain healthcare systems, particularly in resource-limited settings. Furthermore, early diagnosis remains challenging due to nonspecific initial symptoms, limited access to advanced laboratory testing, and the requirement for high-containment biosafety laboratories for confirmation. These diagnostic constraints delay timely treatment and containment efforts, increasing the risk of widespread transmission. The complex transmission dynamics of NiV further exacerbate its threat. The virus is naturally harbored in fruit bats of the Pteropus genus and can spread to humans through contaminated food sources, infected intermediate hosts, or direct human-to-human transmission. The latter route, especially evident in outbreaks in Bangladesh and India, raises serious concerns about epidemic potential. Environmental changes, expanding human-animal interfaces, and global travel amplify the risk of future outbreaks and possible international dissemination. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or specific antiviral treatments approved for Nipah virus infection, although several therapeutic candidates and vaccine platforms are under investigation. This highlights an urgent need for intensified research and development efforts aimed at effective countermeasures. Strengthening surveillance systems, improving diagnostic infrastructure, and implementing robust biosecurity protocols are critical components of preparedness and response frameworks. In light of these challenges, a coordinated and sustained global response is imperative. Addressing the evolving epidemiological and ecological landscape of NiV requires proactive strategies grounded in scientific evidence, global cooperation, and long-term investment in emerging infectious disease preparedness.

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Nipah virus, Epidemiology, Zoonotic pathogen, Public health

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Cooperatives have long been recognized as vital institutional mechanisms for promoting inclusive economic growth, rural development, and social empowerment. In developing economies such as India, cooperatives function as instruments for mobilizing local resources, enhancing agricultural productivity, facilitating access to credit, and strengthening market participation of marginalized groups. This paper examines the role of cooperative institutions in transforming rural economies through income generation, employment creation, financial inclusion, and social capital formation. Using a conceptual and policy-oriented approach supported by Indian case illustrations, the study highlights how cooperatives contribute to sustainable rural development. The paper concludes that strengthening governance, digital integration, and institutional capacity of cooperatives is essential for accelerating rural economic transformation.

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Cooperatives, Rural Development, Inclusive Growth, Financial Inclusion, Collective Institutions, Sustainable Livelihoods

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The increasing concern for environmental sustainability has compelled organizations to integrate green marketing into their core business strategies. Green marketing is no longer a peripheral activity but a strategic necessity that aligns organizational objectives with environmental responsibility and long-term sustainability. This study examines the extent to which green marketing practices are integrated into business strategy and analyzes their influence on consumer purchase intention and brand perception. The study is empirical in nature and is based on primary data collected from 120 consumers using a structured questionnaire. Statistical tools such as Percentage Analysis, Chi-square Test, and One-way ANOVA were employed for data analysis. The findings reveal a significant association between environmental awareness and green purchasing behavior, and a significant difference in purchase intention across income groups. The study concludes that effective integration of green marketing into business strategy enhances sustainability, consumer trust, and competitive advantage

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Green Marketing, Business Strategy, Sustainability, Consumer Behavior, Chi-square, ANOVA

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Tourism has emerged as a significant instrument for regional economic transformation, particularly in geographically remote and ecologically sensitive regions. Menchuka in Shi-Yomi district of Arunachal Pradesh has recently gained recognition as an emerging tourist destination due to its natural landscape, cultural heritage, and adventure tourism potential. The present study examines the economic impact of tourism on the local economy of Menchuka using primary data collected through a structured questionnaire survey. A total of 150 respondents comprising homestay owners, small entrepreneurs, transport operators, and local residents were selected through purposive sampling. The findings indicate that tourism has contributed to income diversification, employment generation, and expansion of small-scale enterprises. However, challenges such as seasonal dependency, rising local prices, and unequal benefit distribution persist. The study suggests that sustainable and community-based tourism planning is necessary to ensure long-term economic stability in the region.

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Tourism economy, local development, Menchuka, Arunachal Pradesh, employment, Northeast India.

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Climate Change, Global Warming, Biodiversity Loss, Human Activities, Environmental Degradation, Ecological Imbalance, Modern Society

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Patriarchy has produced a dichotomous discourse of society where private is for women and public for men. However, with the advent of globalization and spatio-temporal transformation, societies have witnessed an increased participation of women in public domains. More women are now participating in various political movements and changing the political narratives. These women comprise of both active and passive actors and equally are visible and invisible. Whatever be the case, they have successfully created their own counter spaces against the dominant masculine spaces that have for a very long time dictated the repertoire of the public affairs. Within the Gorkhaland movement, a struggle for identity, women like men are the victims and survivors of the movement. However, much of the historical narratives have underrepresented them. They are the backbone of the movement especially post 2007 and have curated a unique counter space for themselves through their lived experiences and has contributed largely in gendering the political subjectivities of the movement. The Gorkha women have challenged the traditional gendered norms of the society through their nature of participation in the movement. The feminist activism in the movement has given a unique identity to the Gorkha women, empowering them more than ever.

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Gorkhaland, Counter spaces, political participation, patriarchy, Gorkha women, Nari Morcha.

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Cybersecurity has evolved from a purely technical discipline into a socio-mathematical ecosystem that integrates cryptographic theory, governance frameworks, artificial intelligence, and human behavioral science. While encryption algorithms such as RSA are grounded in number theory and modular arithmetic, a significant proportion of real-world data breaches stem from human error and neglected cyber hygiene practices. This paper integrates mathematical foundations with behavioral and governance perspectives to present a balanced model of sustainable cybersecurity. A light mathematical touch is incorporated through modular arithmetic, entropy measures, and simplified epidemiological threat modeling, while emphasis is placed on daily digital habits, risk governance, and resilience maturity frameworks. The study concludes that true systemic resilience requires integration of mathematical security architecture with habitual digital responsibility.

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Cyber Hygiene, Cryptography, Mathematical Modeling, Human Firewall, Digital Resilience, , Artificial Intelligence, Post-Quantum Security

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