Volume 13 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

This article discusses the poetry of Dr. N. Ravi Vincent, who is an Indian English Poet; in particular, three poems of him, namely, White-Turbaned Man and Yellow-Saried Lady and The Cruel Cries of Monster and Whiter Than Snow from his first volume of poetry, titled, "Icicles of Insight", which have uniquely universal themes like hubris and humility; love and hat-redness; familial bonds and break ups and consciousness of conscience; Indianness; the diverse traditions; violence ; universalism; misconceptions in family and society; the right solutions for many problems in the society and many other such themes.

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 Keywords

Hubris, hate, universalism, misconceptions, violence, conscience's pricks.

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Cigarette filters, primarily made of cellulose acetate, represent a major source of non-biodegradable waste, contributing to global environmental pollution. This study explores the potential for recycling cigarette filters into useful materials for the textile industry. Through a novel chemical and mechanical processing technique, discarded cigarette filters were cleaned, decontaminated, and transformed into fibers suitable for textile applications. The research evaluates the structural integrity and safety of the resulting fibers, comparing them to conventional synthetic fibers in terms of durability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. Preliminary findings demonstrate that recycled cigarette filter fibers have comparable properties to traditional textiles such as polyester and nylon, offering a sustainable alternative for fabric production. Additionally, the recycling process significantly reduces the environmental footprint of cigarette waste, providing a dual benefit of waste management and resource recovery. This study presents a promising avenue for circular economy practices in the textile industry, highlighting the potential for innovative recycling technologies to address both pollution and resource scarcity.

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Keywords: Cigarette Filters, Sustainability, Cellulose, Textile, Recycling, Environmental pollution.

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This study examines customer preferences for digital gold investments among female physical gold investors in Coimbatore. It evaluates the awareness, factors influencing decisions, and perceived risks associated with digital gold. Through statistical analysis, including regression and chi-square tests, the research finds that demographic factors and perceptions significantly influence preferences, with younger and lower-income groups showing higher interest in digital gold. However, key factors like convenience, transparency, and security do not collectively or individually impact the decision to switch to digital gold. The findings emphasize the need for targeted marketing strategies and further exploration of psychological and technological factors to better understand investment behaviors.

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 Keywords

Gold Investment, Digital Gold, Physical Gold, Investor Preferences, Investment Trends, Financial Security, Digital Platforms, Risk Perception, Investment Awareness, Women Investors, Convenience in Investment, Economic Impact, Cultural Significance.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming industries worldwide, including multinational corporations (MNCs) in India. As AI-powered technologies, such as machine learning, robotic process automation, and natural language processing, become increasingly integrated into business operations, they are driving significant improvements in efficiency, productivity, and decision-making. AI enables companies to streamline processes, reduce operational costs, and enhance customer experiences by automating repetitive and time-consuming tasks. However, while AI presents immense opportunities for business growth and innovation, it also disrupts traditional employment patterns, leading to job displacement across various sectors. Roles that involve routine manual tasks, such as data entry, customer support, and manufacturing, are particularly vulnerable to automation. As AI-driven systems take over these functions, many employees face the risk of redundancy, requiring them to upskill or reskill to remain relevant in the evolving job market. The impact of AI on employment within Indian MNCs is multifaceted. While some jobs are eliminated, AI also creates new roles that require specialized skills in areas such as AI development, cybersecurity, data analytics, and ethical AI governance. Companies must invest in workforce development programs to equip employees with the necessary technical and soft skills to adapt to the changing employment landscape. Training initiatives, vocational programs, and collaboration with academic institutions can help bridge the skill gap and ensure a smooth transition for workers affected by automation. Moreover, businesses and policymakers must address key challenges posed by AI-driven automation, including ethical concerns, workforce displacement, and economic inequality. Ensuring that AI adoption is inclusive and benefits all segments of society requires a balanced approach. Strategies such as retraining initiatives, job redesign, and government-backed reskilling programs can help mitigate the adverse effects of automation while maximizing its benefits. In conclusion, AI is reshaping employment within Indian MNCs by driving efficiency while also necessitating workforce adaptation. Organizations must proactively implement policies that support continuous learning and skill development to create a sustainable workforce. By fostering a culture of innovation and inclusion, Indian MNCs can successfully navigate the AI revolution while ensuring long-term economic stability and job creation.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Employment, Job Displacement, Automation, Workforce Adaptation, Multinational Corporations, India, Technological Advancement, Workforce Sustainability, Productivity Enhancement.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The purpose of this article was to interrogate dynamics of contested citizenship through ethnic naturalization in Ethiopia, using Gambela Regional State for illustration. Gambela region of Ethiopia is a socio-political hotspot where issues of citizenship and ethnic identity intersect with historical grievances and modern migration dynamics. Ethiopia's federal system, which ties citizenship and political rights to ethnic identity, has created tensions in Gambela, a region known for its ethnic diversity and proximity to South Sudan. The process of ethnic naturalization where migrants or refugees integrate into local ethnic groups has often sparked disputes over land ownership, political representation, and access to resources. These challenges are exacerbated by the influx of South Sudanese refugees, whose alignment with indigenous or dominant ethnic groups has intensified local competition and conflict. Furthermore, ambiguities in national citizenship laws and their inconsistent application at the regional level have contributed to exclusionary practices and social fragmentation. This article examines the historical, legal, and socio-political dimensions of contested citizenship in Gambela, highlighting the role of ethnic naturalization in shaping intergroup relations and governance. The study used qualitative research approach through document analysis of the existing secondary data such as conceptual, theoretical and empirical literature reviews. The article concluded by recommending policy reforms that build on shared needs and interests between citizens and refugees, strengthening institutions to tighten law that regulate refugees activities to be compliance with host country supreme law and create a situation that facilitate the formal naturalization of refugees according to the country constitution.

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Keyword: Contested Citizenship, Refugees and Migration, Ethnic Naturalization in Ethiopia

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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INCLUSIVE EDUCATION,CHILDREN

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This study investigates the impact of interest rate fluctuations on stock market prices, with a specific focus on the National Stock Exchange (NSE). Interest rates, set by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), play a pivotal role in shaping market movements. The study examines how changes in bank rates, repo rates, and reverse repo rates influence the prices of banking sector stocks, including HDFC, ICICI, SBI, Kotak Mahindra, and Axis Bank. Statistical tools such as correlation and regression analyses were employed to assess the relationship between interest rates and stock prices. The findings indicate a weak but negative correlation between interest rates and stock prices, with reverse repo rates exhibiting a stronger negative influence. These insights are crucial for investors, policymakers, and financial analysts in understanding market dynamics and making informed decisions.

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Interest Rate Fluctuations, Stock Market Prices, National Stock Exchange (NSE), Reserve Bank of India (RBI),Banking Sector Stocks, Bank Rate, Repo Rate, Reverse Repo Rate, Monetary Policy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) in India introduced the Choice-Based Credit System (CBCS) as a significant reform aimed at promoting student-centric learning and flexibility in higher education. This system allows students to choose courses from a variety of options, fostering personalized learning pathways and enhancing their autonomy. This study investigates the perceptions of prospective teachers regarding the Choice-Based Credit System (CBCS) within teacher education programs, focusing on its flexibility, autonomy, and effectiveness in shaping their educational and professional experiences. The CBCS, a system introduced to offer students greater choice and flexibility in selecting courses, has become a key element of educational reform in India. The study employs a survey methodology, gathering data from a randomly selected sample of 80 prospective teachers from Gandhinagar city. The structured questionnaire used for data collection focuses on several dimensions, including course flexibility, the balance between elective and core subjects, and the CBCS's contribution to professional skills and career development. The data were analysed quantitatively to identify trends, patterns, and correlations between the CBCS and various aspects of prospective teachers' academic and professional experiences. Findings from the study reveal that prospective teachers appreciate the autonomy and flexibility provided by the CBCS, particularly in tailoring their academic experiences to suit their interests and career goals. However, several challenges were noted, including difficulties in managing the workload across diverse subjects, confusion over course selections, and the limited availability of guidance in navigating the system effectively. The study also highlights how the CBCS contributes to the development of professional identity among prospective teachers, with many reporting that the system allows them to gain exposure to interdisciplinary knowledge and teaching methodologies.

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Choice Based Credit System, Higher Education, NEP 2020, Multidisciplinary Education

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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: India-Bangladesh relations during the NDA regime from 2014 to 2024 were on the interplay of domestic politics, and bilateral trade. Over the two decades, ties have seen significant progress, between the two nations with the NDA government emphasizing an empirical and result-oriented approach to foster regional stability and economic cooperation. India's "Neighbourhood First" policy prioritizes a closer engagement with Bangladesh, resulting in breakthroughs like the resolution of the Land Boundary Agreement in 2015 and enhanced cross-border connectivity through rail, road, and waterways. These measures not only deepened bilateral ties but also facilitated trade growth. The Two Nations explores how domestic political developments in both countries have influenced the relations between the two states. The NDA government in India prioritized infrastructure and regional connectivity, which aligns well with Bangladesh's developmental goals. At the same time, Sheikh Hasina's pro-India stance fostered strategic cooperation between the two nations. However, domestic challenges, including electoral dynamics and regional political narratives, add confusion to the already complex return of border management and resource-sharing agreements. The articles highlight the recent shifts, including Bangladesh's growing economic diversification and India's recalibrated focus on energy and technology partnerships, by assessing the impact of domestic and regional factors, they also study enhance the importance of sustained political will and mutual trust in maintaining a stable and progressive partnership in a changing geopolitical context.

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Bangladesh, Bilateral trade cooperations, Challenges, Domestic politics, India, Neighbourhood First Policy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The integration of digital technology in rural banking has transformed financial accessibility, inclusion, and operational efficiency. This study analyses the digital transition at Tamil Nadu Grama Bank in Coimbatore, exploring its adoption level, impact on customer transactions, and financial implications. A mixed-method approach is employed, integrating statistical analysis of customer feedback and qualitative insights from bank employees. The findings reveal both advantages and barriers, highlighting key factors such as digital literacy, technological infrastructure, and customer adaptation. The study concludes with strategic recommendations to enhance digital banking adoption and financial accessibility in rural banking environments.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital Banking, Rural Banking, Financial Inclusion, Tamil Nadu Grama Bank (TNGB), Banking Accessibility, Customer Transactions, Digital Literacy, Technological Infrastructure, Financial Technology (FinTech).

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