Volume 13 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

This research article examines the intergenerational trauma and cultural memory through deep exploration of Daisy Rockwell's English translation of Bhisham Sahni's exponential novel Tamas (1972, 2016). Tamas is set in the historical background of the Partition of India (1947), therefore this paper focuses on how the cultural postmemory and lived experiences of such a cataclysmic event had an impact on the psychological and sociological landscape collectively and how it continues to shape the experiences of the second generation through an intertextual descriptive and qualitative analysis. It provides critical insights into the social and mental complexities while examining how trauma narratives are interwoven with memories of the past events that have a deep impact on the people and society as a whole till date. It is brought to light by examining the politics of forgetting and willful remembrance of the past and the intergenerational transmission of trauma through cultural memory and historical narratives.This article explores the concerns raised against the backdrop of Partition of India with the help of secondary texts like Khushwant Singh's novel Train to Pakistan (1956) and Amitav Ghosh's novel The Shadow Lines (1988). It scrutinizes the shattered lives and communities which grapple with the enduring scars of memory as both a burden and a means of survival, and with trauma becoming a way of life for those living in the aftermath of such a catastrophic event by highlighting the pervasive fear, violence, and loss they endure. The study offers rich exploration of how postmemory offers as a vehicle for expressing cultural past amid the traumatic complexities of Partition by exploring its impact on the collective psyche of the society.Through an understanding of theoretical frameworks and earlier researches on Trauma Studies, Postmemory, Cultural Memory, ambivalence, concept of 'self' and 'other', through the critical works of Cathy Caruth, Astrid Erll, Marianne Hirsch, Homi K. Bhabha, and Edward Said respectively the article substantiates the arguments raised in the paper. It further answers the question, Whether the trauma endured and its post-memories continue to haunt the present of the second generation? It also raises the question, How is the present shaped by past cataclysmic events like that of Partition?

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 Keywords

Intergenerational Trauma, Post-Memory, Forgetting, Partition, Existentialism

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This study investigates the application of contrastive learning to Key Performance Indicator (KPI) analysis and dashboard optimization by integrating human psychology and user attention span modeling. Traditional KPI dashboards often fail to consider the cognitive load and interaction behavior of users, leading to inefficient decision-making. This research proposes a novel approach that leverages contrastive learning to derive KPI relationships based on time spent and user interaction patterns. By analyzing real-time engagement data, the study identifies high-focus and low-focus dashboard regions and dynamically reconfigures KPI layouts to enhance usability and minimize cognitive overload. Using a dataset of recorded user interactions, we train a contrastive learning model to cluster KPIs according to interaction relationships. Positive relationships are described as KPIs that are frequently accessed together, whilst negative pairs are KPIs that are rarely engaged together. The learned representations enable a dynamic dashboard adaptation architecture that optimizes KPI placement based on attention-driven heatmaps. The effectiveness of this technique is assessed via A/B testing, which measures gains in decision speed, accuracy, and user engagement. The findings show that contrastive learning-based KPI optimization significantly improves dashboard usability by prioritizing relevant information, reducing unnecessary cognitive load, and increasing user efficiency. This research advances the fields of business intelligence, human-computer interaction, and machine learning, paving the way for more intuitive and adaptive analytical dashboards.

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Contrastive Learning, Key Performance Indicators, Dashboard Optimization, Human-Computer Interaction, Attention Modeling, Machine Learning, User Behavior Analytics, Cognitive Load Reduction.

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 Abstract

Hindi Sahitya Me Mahila Shastikaran Ki Dharaye

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Hindi Sahitya Me Mahila Shastikaran Ki Dharaye

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Abstract: Kumbh Mela, the world's largest religious congregation, has evolved beyond its spiritual roots to become a global symbol of India's cultural heritage, economic potential, and digital transformation. The 2025 Maha Kumbh Mela in Prayagraj witnessed unprecedented participation, with over 500 million devotees, including international pilgrims, dignitaries, and thought leaders. This study examines the socio-economic impact of Kumbh Mela 2025, emphasizing its role in employment generation, tourism growth, and urban development. Additionally, it explores the integration of digital technologies such as AI-driven crowd management, live-streaming, and virtual pilgrimages that have enhanced global accessibility. The research also highlights how Kumbh Mela strengthens India's soft power by fostering international cultural diplomacy and branding it as a premier destination for spiritual tourism. By analysing these multifaceted dimensions, the study offers strategic recommendations for maximizing the festival's sustainability, economic benefits, and digital outreach, ensuring its continued relevance in the modern era.

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Keywords: Socio-economic impact, Spiritual tourism, Cultural diplomacy,Digital transformation, Economic sustainability and Global spiritual influence

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Disruptive technologies encompass active learning methodologies and digital tools that promote student engagement and participation. Various technologies are considered disruptive, including Online Learning, Competency-Based Education, Virtual reality, Collaboration platforms, and Artificial Intelligence, enhancing the educational process's convenience for students and challenging traditional practices. Disruption in education, or disruptive technologies in education, is distinguished by improved service models focusing on enhanced educational program quality, personalized real-life educational processes, and the creation of high-value, specialized programs targeting specific user groups. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 underlines the significance of Multidisciplinary education through disciplinary and professional programs to cultivate critical thinking, adaptability, and self-management skills among learners. The policy aims for a substantial overhaul in higher education through the implementation of innovative and ambitious initiatives, acknowledging the intricacies and hurdles within higher education. The anticipation is that both formal and open and distance education modes in higher education will collaborate to actualize the recommendations outlined in NEP 2020. This article will analyse the impact of disruptive technologies on multidisciplinary and Holistic education, drawing insights from existing research journals and secondary sources. The research abstract underscores the varied roles of disruptive technology in delivering quality education within the realm of multidisciplinary and Holistic education.

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Keywords: Disruptive technologies, multidisciplinary education and holistic education, digital tools, artificial intelligence, online learning.

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Herding of investors in the stock market refers to the phenomenon where individuals or groups of investors make decisions based on the actions of others, rather than on their own independent analysis or information. In this context, herding often leads to collective buying or selling behaviour, driving stock prices to extremes--either pushing them up to unsustainable levels or crashing them down.

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herding behaviour, stock market, bubbles, face value, speculation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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When viewed in terms of aesthetics unwanted hair present over the body causes cosmetological as well as psychological disturbances in an individual. To remove those unwanted hairs there are numerous medicines and procedures, which are carried out for depilation / epilation action, ranging from shaving to waxing to depilatory creams to laser techniques. Many of these have side effects and irritation to the skin. The techniques which are employed for this purpose are expensive; still the relapse of the hair occurs because these are giving temporary results. The present study, mentioned in Sharangdhara Samhita is an attempt made to evaluate the depilatory effect of Romanashaka lepa.

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Romanashaka lepa, Haratala, Palasha kshara, Kadali swarasa, Shanka.

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Education has spread significant impact on the social reconstruction system all the world. In India and Bangladesh, besides the common people, transgender community is also an integral part of there society. Transgender refers that person whose gender identity is different from the sexual identity carrying at their time of birth. In India, the rights and reservations of transgender people evolved enormous changes from ancient to modern 21st century. In India, transgender people have enjoyed the prestigious rights in ancient, medieval and british colonial period of India such as blessing giver, religious rights, the rights of food and land, political advisors , guardian of the harems etc. In 21st century, Indian transgender community have the rights of education, employment, freedom, right to reside, health care , prohibition against discrimination. The neighbors country of India such as in Bangladesh, the transgender community has also exist in there. In Bangladesh, the the transgender community is well known as third gender or hijra. Transgender people are also an integral part of the society both in India and Bangladesh. There are such kinds of fundamental rights which ensure that every person has equal rights in education, healthcare, residence, religious customs regarding their caste, religion, sex, gender bot in India and Bangladesh. The main objective of this review study is to identify the rights and reservations of transgender people in ancient period of India, to find out the rights and reservations of transgender people in medieval period of India and to identify the rights and reservations of transgender people in 21st century both in India and Bangladesh. The research findings reveals that in ancient period of India, the transgender community known as 'Tritiya prakriti' according to some hindu mythological literature in vedic period. In this period, the 'Tritiya prakriti' enjoyed the rights of blessing giver. In the epic period of India, according to epic Ramayana, Lord Rama provides the opportunity to them as to giving blessing of the people on their special occasions such as child birth and marriage. In medieval period of India, the transgender community known as hijra during the mughal era and they had the rights to lived their lives with happiness such as guardian of the harems, political advisors, religious guide etc. In british colonial period, the situation is detoriat for the transgender person and they faced different kinds of discrimination in this period such as section 377 IPC, Indian Penal Code Act 1864 , Criminal Tribes Act 1871 etc. The research study also reveals that the transgender people in India had voting rights, fundamental rights and reservations in jobs in 21st century and also in Bangladesh, the transgender person achieved their new identify as Third gender and enjoyed the rights of give voting.

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 Keywords

Rights, Reservations, Transgender people, Ancient, 21st Century, India, Bangladesh

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Sleep is not just a biological necessity; it is fundamental to both physical and mental well-being. Despite its importance, a significant portion of the population, including one-third of adults and 30% of high school students, are not getting the recommended sleep, leading to widespread consequences on mental health. Insufficient sleep is intricately linked to disorders such as depression, anxiety, and emotional instability. This article delves into the physiological mechanisms of sleep, exploring the alternating stages of NREM and REM sleep, and how disruptions to circadian rhythms can heighten mental health risks. It also draws on the ancient wisdom of Unani medicine, which emphasizes the balance between sleep (Naum) and wakefulness (Yaqza) alongside emotional and psychological tranquility (Harkat wa Sukoon Nafsani). In Unani thought, an imbalance in these elements leads to disturbances in mental faculties and physical health, with sleep playing a crucial role in restoring equilibrium. The article discusses modern sleep disorders, including insomnia and its association with mental health conditions such as post-traumatic stress, eating disorders, anger, and hallucinations, and highlights the severe impact of shift work and social media on sleep quality. Sleep deprivation also impairs reproductive health, as seen in both male and female fertility. With insights from both modern psychology and Unani medicine, this article underscores the necessity of proper sleep hygiene and mental balance. It calls for public health initiatives to emphasize sleep's critical role in mental and physical health and offers strategies to restore healthy sleep patterns in today's fast-paced world.

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Sleep, Mental health, Unani, Naum wa Yaqza, Harkat wa Sukoon Nafsani, Anxiety, Depression.

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This paper examines the traditional marriage system of the Zeliang Nagas prevalent among the Peren villagers of Nagaland. This practices which is deep-rooted centuries-old customs, is a complex social institution that unites not only individuals but also reinforce clans ties and cultural continuity. The planned marriage process begins with proposals made between the groom-to-be and the bride-to-be during the auspicious autumn months--September and October. Once a proposal is accepted, community contributions began to pour in to the groom's family, whereby poor families rely on it to pay the bride-price, while affluent families managed themselves. The wedding is carried out as a mass event on a predetermined day. A series of intricate rituals like carrying of symbolic items such as "Nkangkie" during the Hega festival and the ceremonial procession took place on the wedding day. While modernization and western culture have changed the present social norms and traditions, many of the core elements persist, that is essential to be documented and preserve. This paper also explains the cultural and social dimensions of this traditional marriage system, highlighting their significance, challenges they face in contemporary society, importance of documenting and preserving the same in the face of modern influences.

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 Keywords

Zeliang Nagas, traditional marriage, Peren Village, bride-price, matrimonial rituals, cultural heritage, indigenous practices, social cohesion

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition