Volume 13 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????-?????????? ??????? ?? ?? 7??? ?? 17??? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????, ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????, ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ????, ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?????, ????, ????? ?????, ??? ?? ????? ????, ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????, ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????, ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? 7??? ??????? ??? ???, ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???, ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????, ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???-??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? (?????) ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????, ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????

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????? ??????, ????, ?????, ????, ?????? ???? ?? ????????, ????, ????, ??????, ????????, ???????,

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Natural resources have always been the basis of human civilization. Be it the Bronze Age civilization developed on the banks of a river valley or a tribe living in the forests. This is the reason why all the empires of the world have tried to control them. Water and forests are very important among these natural resources. These are such sources which are the basis of livelihood of the local communities as well as an invaluable asset for the government. In Indian history, various kings have tried to control them by managing forest and water resources. The foremost among them was the British rule that ruled India. On one hand, it implemented many irrigation, river, canal, dam and multipurpose projects for water management and on the other hand, to establish dominance over Indian forests, it divided the forests into reserved, protected and rural forests. In this article, we will discuss about the water and forest related projects implemented by the British government, which not only affected the local community, animals and environment, but their impact is also visible in the policies made in the present times.

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Keywords:- natural resources, forests, river, dam, canal, multipurpose projects, timber, conservation, protected, reserved, famine , drought.

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In today's world, all individuals invest in various avenues available according to their requirements and capacity. Numerous options are available to investors from which they can choose as per his risk-taking capacity and generation of returns. The goal of investments can vary from short-term to long-term depending on various requirements of the investor. These investments are chief source of generation of capital supporting financial system of the country. Officers of the Indian Army are part of a high-income group. The financial support system given by the government to these officers takes care of the in-service and post-retirement needs. However, inflation and the rising cost of living have necessitated for an officer to be proficiently manage their funds in order to secure financial independence. This study analyses investment pattern of 65 officers and examines their financial behaviour facets such as risk tolerance and financial goals based on gross salary earned per month by an Indian Army officer based in Mhow.

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Investment pattern, Financial behaviour, Indian Army Officers

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Bharanattiya padangalil thudum adan rasangalum

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Bharanattiya padangalil thudum adan rasangalum

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Abstract: Education is an indispensable need of mankind. It aims at educating the masses to become better citizen and more useful of society. Therefore, all over the world, women education has been viewed as an important instrument for an all-round development of individuals. Education is associated with the quality of life related to production and interlinked with the promotion of social and national integration. Sambalpur, the most important district of Western Odisha has been named after the head quarter town Sambalpur. It is situated between 200 44' and 200 14' North Latitude and between 820 39' and 840 23'East Longitude. It is surrounded by the undivided district of Sundargarh on the North, on the South by Bolangir, on the East by Dhenkanal and the North west and west by Raigarh and Raipur district of Chhattisgarh. The district had play an important role in the field of education as well as socio-political consciousness during British rules. After independence, women's emancipation has taken a long leap. Article 14 and 15 of our constitution have ensure complete equality and freedom of women. Our study on "Growth of Women Education in undivided Sambalpur district of Odisha 1950-1992" will be deal with (a)Historical background (b) Growth of primary education (c) Spread of secondary & Higher education (d) Impact of Women education. Therefore, we propose to attempt a systematic codification of the efforts made for development of women education in undivided Sambalpur district and historical analysis of its impact on society. In this context the growth of women education assumes a special significance for the educational history, its impact upon the society and its success in achieving these objectives in the post-independence period. Through the chapters of this work attempts have been made in bring out the salient creatures of the process leading towards the qualitative and quantitative growth of women education in undivided Sambalpur district of Odisha.

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Assimilation, Chauhan, Hirakhanda Matrumangal, Missionaries

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Maithili Sahityakar Dr.Dheerendra Nath Mishrak Katha Maunak Anahathi Ek Drishtikon

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Maithili Sahityakar Dr.Dheerendra Nath Mishrak Katha Maunak Anahathi Ek Drishtikon

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The origin and expansion of the universe remain central questions in cosmology, with gravitational interactions and dark energy playing fundamental roles in shaping cosmic evolution. This paper proposes a hypothetical theoretical framework that integrates gravitational effects and dark energy dynamics to explain the universe's origin and large-scale expansion. By considering the interplay between these forces, we explore potential mechanisms that could have driven the initial conditions of the universe, from the Big Bang to present-day accelerated expansion. The framework hypothesizes a dynamic equilibrium between gravitational attraction and dark energy repulsion, influencing galaxy formation, cosmic structure evolution, and large-scale anisotropies. Additionally, we investigate how variations in dark energy density and gravitational constants over cosmic time could provide insights into unresolved cosmological puzzles, such as dark matter interactions and the fate of the universe. This study aims to offer a new perspective on the fundamental forces governing cosmic evolution and proposes testable predictions that could be explored through future observational and theoretical advancements.

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universe , origin of universe , wave model of universe , Hypothetical , theory ,

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ABSTRACT: The COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented global health crisis, challenging governments' resilience and preparedness around the world. This paper examines the Himachal Pradesh government's response to the pandemic, providing a detailed case study of how the state handled various facets of the crisis. The study looks at critical topics such policy formation and enforcement, healthcare infrastructure management, resource allocation, and public health communication. The report examines the government's steps to restrict the spread of the virus, offer medical support, and reduce the socioeconomic impact on the populace, highlighting both triumphs and faults in Himachal Pradesh's response.

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Keyword: Health crisis, Pandemic, COVID-19, Health care management, Government response

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This study introduces a straightforward method of generating electricity by replacing conventional speed breakers with a simple mechanism. The proposed approach utilizes a rack and pinion mechanism, along with high-tension springs, to convert the motion of passing vehicles into electrical energy. This method presents an effective solution for electricity generation, especially in areas experiencing a surge in vehicle numbers. The system can be strategically placed near toll plazas, parking lots, and other high-density vehicle locations. The implementation involves a rack and pinion spring assembly mechanism that transfers the motion from passing vehicles to a DC motor/generator for electricity generation. This cost-effective approach harnesses the mechanical energy produced by dynamic vehicles on roads and efficiently converts it into usable electricity. The system's potential applications include addressing the increasing demand for electricity while capitalizing on the rising number of vehicles on the highways/roads. By tapping into the kinetic energy of moving vehicles, this method offers an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional power generation, reducing the dependence on fossil fuels.

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Electricity, Generation, Rack and Pinion, Mechanism, Harvesting.

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Abstract This paper aims to discuss the major issue regarding Gender Inequality in our country. The social structure of India has been traditionally male dominant one. Women always have to depend on men and in their family, outside and throughout their life. From historic situation we can see different kind of gender inequality issues are exist and women are facing those issues. For this study the sample comprised of 160 primary school teachers of govt. schools and 25 teachers of education colleges. Data collected by using qualitative method conducted focus group discussion and interaction sessions. The study describes various types of Gender Inequality stated by Prof. Amratya Sen mentioning special focus on responsible factors which affects the development of our society. The paper also explains different aspects and responsible factors of Gender Inequality in present time. In this paper, Gender Inequality Indicators with related areas existing of some facts about Gender Inequality in India also explain. Furthermore, the article highlights some data about gender inequalities and the need and importance to enhance gender equality in present times with reference of the UNESCO Agenda for ensuring gender equality in Indian context. This paper also explains role of different stakeholders & Govt. initiatives to be taken for removing Gender Inequality and ensuring equality to people. As a result by practical implementing of these policy initiatives, we can see a reforming change in the women's social status in relation to every aspect.

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Gender Inequality, Gender Inequality Indicators, UNECSO Agenda,Stakeholders, Policy Initiatives

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition