Volume 13 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

The present research paper aims to explore the Nihilistic Delusions of black mothers in the chosen novel of Toni Morison. Nihilistic Delusion, also known as 'delires de negation', is a psycho-pathological entities characterized by a belief that there is no future for the patient. Here, the justification of this title is that it is not only the belief of the unfortunate poor and black mothers but a certainty that the future holds no hope for them or for their children. It is horrible hence better to wipe out their progeny than to allow them to suffer the same excruciating pain and endless agony. Morrison, in her world-acclaimed novels like Beloved and Mercy, which are ironically based on realities, tries to bring back the left-out memories of the past, of the blacks, especially black mothers. The researcher, through this paper, tries to highlight Morison's views regarding her woman characters in her world accolade novels.

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 Keywords

Africa, America, Black mothers, Privileged, Re-memory, Voice.

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This study has been undertaken to investigate the Gothic novels of Anne Rice and Daphne du Maurier work as a conceptual framework for analyzing queer temporalities. It expands upon this take with various queer theories from notable academics. Overall it interrogates how these works dismantle the heteronormative constructs of time and space, love and desire, as well as community and kinship. Themes of eroticism, entrapment, skepticism, spectrality, and the supernatural are used to structure and shape the Gothic grave (death) as a metaphor for repressed identities and such uncanny temporalities. This study brushes upon the genre's potential to critique normative frameworks of gender, sexuality, and historical progression, and ask the question, "Can we go beyond the norms?".

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 Keywords

Queer Temporality, Gothic, Grave, Heteronormativity.

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Object-oriented programming is a programming methodology related to class, object, and inheritance concepts. Encapsulation, abstraction, and polymorphism. Popular programming languages like Java, C++, C#, and Ruby use object-oriented programming paradigms. Object-oriented metrics assess the quality of a design by measuring its class and attributes. This is closely related to the quality of the software. Databases play crucial roles in projects and applications. During software testing, testers find errors by comparing actual and predicted output. Software testing identifies faults and ensures error-free functionality for clients. Using COCOMO-II and MOOD metrics, I suggest improving coding efficiency and accuracy to improve project evaluation findings. These results are useful for improving software estimation, quality training, and research.

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Object oriented, Mood metrics, CK metrics, COCOMO model, Defects, measurement, coding etc.

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In India, a decade before, it was the annual pattern for exams of graduation/post-graduation level. Later semester pattern was offered to post-graduation and some branches of graduation that are application-oriented. In the last decade, we adopted a semester pattern showing its good results for all streams of education. Continuous assessment was also introduced. However, there are few things in India, which assure that the annual pattern is most suitable. This paper reveals this aspect.

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Semester system, Annual system, education system

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Ama is a Sanskrit word which literally means undigested or uncooked food materials. The concept of Ama is the most important and fundamental principle in understanding the physio-pathology of the diseases. Ama is the substance, which is not digested properly and need further digestion. Many factor play important role in the production of Ama. In Ayurvedic classic Ama which is the product of metabolic defect formed due to improperly metabolized by product of food at Jathragni level (macrolevel), Bhutagni level (microlevel) and due to accumulation of Mala, which considered as Pratham Doshdushti, condition of mental stress like Kama, Krodh, Shoka Bhaya, Chinta ,are the responsible factor for production of Ama in the body. Ama vitiates the Doshas and disturb Dhatu Samyata which lead to production of a disease. So the concept Ama is the most important and fundamental principal in understand the pathophysiology of the diseases. Nearly all diseases as per the Ayurvedic view have their origin from Ama Dosha. Even one of the synonyms of Vyadhi Amaya reiterates this. So the topic is entitle as the concept of Ama in Ayurveda.

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Ama, Kama, Krodh, Shoka Bhaya, Chinta.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Trickster archetype-the eternal, complex figure of mythology and literature that throws a mirror back at the messiness of human complexity. Trickster represents not only rebellion, transformation, but also the in-between spaces of moral ambiguity. The discussion traces the genealogy of this trickster in different cultures and texts with focus on Neil Gaiman's American Gods and Anansi Boys. From the cunning Anansi in West African folklore to the manipulative Mr. Wednesday and the charismatic Mr. Nancy, the trickster disrupts societal norms, challenges power structures, and allows change in the lives of both individuals and communities. Gaiman reimagines the trickster archetype to reflect modern cultural anxieties, that is, the conflicts between tradition and modernity and the erosion of identity in an increasingly commodified world. Through the narratives, duality is revealed in the trickster as creator and destroyer, deceiver and truth-teller. The journey of Shadow Moon and Fat Charlie highlights the transformative power of chaos. The works also deal with the themes of family, heritage, and the adaptability of the voice of the marginalized, showcasing how the trickster fosters growth through subversion. This study highlights the relevance of the archetype in perpetuity, as its critique, disruption, and inspiration can transcend across cultures and timelines. By merging ancient myths with contemporary narratives, Gaiman places the trickster as an essential force for renewal, resilience, and cultural commentary in an ever-changing world.

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Trickster archetype, mythology, cultural narratives, Neil Gaiman, American Gods, Anansi Boys, identity and legacy, moral duality, folklore adaptation, rebellion against authority, subversion of norms, themes of deception.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A historical film serves as an audio-visual representation of a particular time, offering a medium through which the past can be interpreted and preserved. While filmmakers and historians engage with history through different methodologies, their pursuits often intersect as both seek to construct meaningful narratives. Historical films play a crucial role in safeguarding cultural heritage by depicting significant events and employing distinct cinematic techniques to enhance their impact. For a historical film to function as a reliable reference for those interested in ancient history, culture, and traditions, it must be grounded in thorough research. However, scholars and theorists argue that the twenty-first century, characterised by digital media saturation, is increasingly detached from historical awareness, heightening the risk of repeating past mistakes. In this context, the study of historical films becomes particularly significant, as they possess the power to shape collective memory and public understanding of historical events. The film Asoka (2001) presents an opportunity to examine the mechanisms involved in selecting and constructing historical narratives within commercial cinema. This analysis focuses on aspects of the film that deviate from recorded history, exploring the underlying motivations and implications of such creative liberties in historical representation. This study contributes to the discourse by examining how Bollywood's representation of Ashoka intersects with literary and historical interpretations of his reign. By critically assessing the film's portrayal, this research highlights the complexities of adapting historical figures for contemporary media and the consequences of historical distortion in shaping collective memory.

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Ashoka, Dhamma, Bollywood, Cinema, History, Popular Culture

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Diabetes mellitus is a widespread metabolic disorder affecting millions globally, with a significant prevalence in India, particularly in urban areas. Despite advancements in conventional therapies, the use of herbal medicines remains a preferred approach due to their affordability, minimal side effects, and therapeutic potential. Traditional medicinal plants have played a crucial role in diabetes management, offering bioactive compounds with proven antidiabetic properties. This review highlights various Indian herbal drugs and medicinal plants commonly used in diabetes treatment. A comprehensive list of plants with demonstrated antidiabetic effects is compiled, including Allium sativum, Eugenia jambolana, Momordica charantia, Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthus amarus, Pterocarpus marsupium, Tinospora cordifolia, C. indica, Helicteres isora, Stevia rebaudiana, Gymnema sylvestre, and Enicostemma littorale Blume. The pharmacological actions, mechanisms, and potential benefits of these herbal formulations in diabetes management are discussed, emphasizing their role as complementary and alternative therapies.

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Medicinal plants, Antidiabetic drugs, Herbal medicine, Diabetes, Phytotherapy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Electoral reforms play a pivotal role in shaping the democratic landscape of India while ensuring free, fair and transparent elections. Over the years India has witnessed a series of legislative, judicial and institutional interventions aimed at addressing electoral malpractices and strengthening democratic integrity. This study critically examines key electoral reforms focusing on their effectiveness in enhancing transparency, reducing the influence of money and muscle power and improving voter participation. The paper explores the role of the Election Commission of India in implementing reforms such as Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs), Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT), and stricter enforcement of the Model Code of Conduct (MCC). It also analyzes judicial pronouncements on candidate disclosures, criminalization of politics, and electoral disqualifications. The impact of electoral financing mechanisms, including the introduction and subsequent debates around electoral bonds is assessed in the context of political transparency and accountability. Additionally, the study evaluates technological interventions, voter awareness initiatives and policy measures aimed at increasing electoral participation.

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Electoral reforms, Democratic integrity, Election Commission of India, Political financing, Electoral transparency, Voter participation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The differentiation between descriptive and analytical research stems from the nature of the inquiry being made. Descriptive research aims to identify, describe, or categorize what exists, while analytical research seeks to understand the reasons behind the observed phenomena or the processes that led to them. Descriptive research involves organizing, describing, comparing, and quantifying data, whereas analytical research delves into causality. For instance, examining the numerical data on the evolving trade imbalances between the United States and other countries from 2015 to 2018 falls under descriptive research. The Analytical approach is a systematic methodology that merges the principles of the Scientific method with the application of Formal procedures to address various issues. These Analytical techniques aid in enhancing the logical reasoning skills of students. The field of Philosophy, originating from Sanskrit, holds significant influence in the realm of Darshan, Analytical Research within the academic domain transitions into Applied Research, while Survey research evolves into Experimental Studies within the research sphere. Within Philosophy, the concept of Bramha in Vendanta plays a crucial role. This area of study involves Analytical Investigations into both Astika and Nastika philosophies. Indian Philosophy delves into research within the realms of Veda, Aranyaka, Tripitaka, and more.

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 Keywords

Sankhya, Buddhism, Jains, western philosophy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition