Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Abstract: This study investigates the persistent digital infrastructure divide between urban and rural areas in Manipur, focusing on the challenges and opportunities in bridging this gap. Despite technological progress, rural Manipur faces inadequate connectivity, limited high-speed internet access, and infrastructural shortcomings compared to urban centres. Key challenges include difficult hilly terrain, low investment in rural telecom networks, and socio-economic issues such as low digital literacy and affordability. Policy implementation gaps and limited local stakeholder involvement further worsen the divide. Opportunities stem from government initiatives to expand broadband under national digital inclusion programs, growing mobile device penetration, and potential public-private partnerships to enhance infrastructure. The study uses a qualitative approach based on secondary data from government reports, policy documents, academic sources, and digital inclusion publications, providing comprehensive insights into infrastructure, socio-economic factors, policies, and technology penetration. Bridging this divide is essential for equitable access to education, healthcare, governance, and economic opportunities, supporting Manipur's socio-economic development. This research lays the groundwork for future studies and policy development toward a digitally inclusive Manipur.

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Digital Divide, Urban-Rural, Manipur.

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In developing economies such as India, women entrepreneurship has become a significant force of inclusive economic development, creation of employment, and innovations. Nevertheless, women entrepreneurs still experience structural, socio-cultural, financial, and institutional obstacles that influence the establishment of a startup and business development. This research paper discusses women entrepreneurial ecosystem by highlighting major elements of the ecosystem networks, funding, mentorship, policy support, and Entrepreneurship Development Programs (EDP). The research formulates a theoretical construct that connects the aspects of ecosystem to the performance and growth results of a startup. It suggests that EDPs are catalytic tools that optimize human capital, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, innovativeness and market integration. The theoretical viewpoints that are incorporated in the paper are Human Capital Theory, Social Capital Theory, Resource-Based View, and Institutional Theory to elaborate the interaction between ecosystem factors and business performance. There are also policy implications and future research directions.

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Women Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Ecosystem, Startup Growth, Entrepreneurship Development Programs, Policy Support, India.

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Mosquito-borne diseases such as Dengue and Malaria remain major global public health challenges, causing millions of infections and substantial mortality each year, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Conventional diagnostic methods for both diseases rely heavily on manual microscopic examination of peripheral blood smears, a process that is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and vulnerable to observer variability. Recent advances in digital pathology and image-processing-based automation offer promising solutions for early, accurate, and cost-effective diagnosis. In dengue detection, peripheral blood smear (PBS) analysis reveals hallmark changes such as thrombocytopenia and lymphocyte morphological alterations. Machine-learning approaches using morphological and Gray-Level Spatial Dependence Matrix (GLSDM) features extracted from lymphocyte nuclei have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, with Support Vector Machine-based models achieving up to 95.74% accuracy in distinguishing dengue-infected samples. Similarly, for malaria diagnosis, automated image analysis systems employing color thresholding, segmentation, blob analysis, watershed techniques, and shape-based classification have shown excellent performance in detecting Plasmodium-infected red blood cells. Systems using texture and intensity features, neural network classifiers, and morphological processing have achieved accuracies ranging from 93% to 99%, significantly reducing dependency on expert microscopists. This combined study highlights the growing potential of AI-driven digital microscopy for the automated screening of vector-borne diseases. Integrating machine learning, deep learning, and advanced image-processing techniques enables rapid detection of infected cells, accurate parasite quantification, and improved clinical decision-making. Such automated frameworks can provide scalable, low-cost diagnostic support in resource-limited settings, thereby strengthening global disease surveillance and early intervention strategies for both dengue and malaria.

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Digital Image Processing, Machine Learning, SVM, CNN, Disease Detection, Biomedical, Dengue, Malaria.

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: Fifty Pounds is an excellent short story by A. E. Coppard. The story concerns two characters namely Philip Repton and Eulalia Burnes (Lally) who love each other and are living together without matrimonial bond. Their relationship begins after Repton finds Lally in distress and helps her. Thus, they were lonely before they met each other. This article seeks to explore how the sense of loneliness is a dominant theme in this story. If read thoroughly, it is noticeable that the story begins with the idea of loneliness and ends with the same idea. They feel loneliness even when they are together as despite being together for several months, they are unable to understand each other as somehow, they are more concerned about themselves and their own thoughts and minds rather than that of the other person. The titular fifty pounds is largely responsible for their future life of loneliness. Then, their loneliness is the result of their ego, misunderstandings, emotional aloofness and rash judgements. Circumstances are also responsible for their feeling of loneliness. How much they struggle to endow their lives with a meaning by trying to lead a peaceful and happy life together, they fail in their attempts. Thus, this article also explores how their fight against loneliness reflects their enactment of absurd life.

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Loneliness, fifty pounds, misunderstandings, circumstances, absurd.

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Modernist literature is marked by an acute preoccupation with the instability of identity, the breakdown of coherent selfhood, and the disintegration of linear consciousness. Emerging in the aftermath of rapid industrialisation, world wars, and shifting social structures, modernist writers sought new narrative forms capable of articulating the fractured inner lives of individuals confronting a destabilised world. Within this context, questions of subjectivity--how the self is formed, sustained, and undone--occupy a central position. As Virginia Woolf observes in The Waves, "I am not one and simple, but complex and many," a sentiment that resonates deeply with the modernist understanding of the self as plural, unstable, and perpetually in flux.

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A Lacanian Reading of Virginia Woolf's 'To the Lighthouse' and Sylvia Plath's 'The Bell Jar

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Fibroid Uterus, Myomectomy (Laparoscopic/Open), Microwave Ablation, Hysterectomy Risk, Pleural Effusion

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Abstract "Annamaya? pra?amaya? manomaya? vijnanamaya? anandamaya?" -- Taittiriya Upani?ad ("Human existence unfolds through the physical, vital, mental, intellectual, and blissful layers.") Ancient Indian knowledge systems articulate holistic human development through the Panchkosh framework, which integrates the physical, vital, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions of life. This chapter examines the contemporary relevance of Panchkosh philosophy in sustainable livelihood development through a case-based study of Poddar Sansthan. The chapter proposes a Panchkosh-inspired life skills development model that aligns traditional wisdom with modern socio-economic needs. Drawing on initiatives such as natural dye practices, eco-friendly craft training, community mentoring, and women-centric empowerment programs, the study demonstrates how livelihood development can transcend income generation to foster dignity of labor, ethical discernment, emotional resilience, and cultural identity. By mapping Poddar Sansthan's practices across the five koshas--Annamaya, Pranamaya, Manomaya, Vijnanamaya, and Anandamaya--the chapter highlights a replicable, human-centered framework for inclusive growth. The study contributes to the discourse on Indian Knowledge Systems, sustainable development, and holistic empowerment in contemporary society.

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Keywords Ancient Knowledge Systems,Life Skills, Panchkosh, Poddar Sansthan, Sustainable Livelihoods, Traditional Crafts and Women Empowerment

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People in jobs that take them into the field - for example, solar panel installers, telecom staff, and those in rural health - very often find themselves working in tricky outdoor settings, where they don't have much in the way of connection, the paperwork isn't always complete, and there are real dangers to their safety. This study creates an augmented reality (AR) "cognitive twin" for outdoor use, which is aware of what's going on around it, and is meant to be a clever helper for people doing this sort of work; it does this by 'seeing' what is there, working out what stage of the job has been reached, and then giving the user guidance, in real time, as pictures shown on a phone or AR headset. The system puts together computer vision which works on the device itself, plus sensors for movement, direction, and location, and a simple chart of what the job involves, to spot equipment, tools, and each part of the process. A section of the system then makes up what to do next, warnings and alerts about anything unusual, based on what it can 'see' and what the user is doing. To deal with the problems usually found when things don't have much in the way of resources - such as light which is always changing, things being hidden from view, and a connection to the internet which comes and goes - the design puts most of the work into the device itself, and only sends the hardest parts to a cloud computer when there is enough bandwidth. A first version has been made for checking and repairing solar panels, and helps to name the equipment, gives step-by-step inspection lists, and makes paperwork automatically. A review using several methods, with engineers in the field, puts the new system next to the usual paper or PDF instructions on a mobile device, looking at how long the job took, how many mistakes were made, how well people knew what was happening, and how much thinking the job needed. The results should show that this AR cognitive twin can cut down on mistakes in the process and the amount of mental effort needed, while also making things safer and the paperwork better; and this shows how it could be used as a general way of helping with risky work in the field in energy, telecom, and rural health.

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 Keywords

Augmented reality, cognitive twin, context aware assistance, field work support, outdoor AR

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Amitav Ghosh's Sea of Poppies offers a compelling ecocritical perspective on colonialism and its environmental repercussions in nineteenth-century India. The novel centers on the British-imposed opium cultivation, which not only devastates human lives--as seen in Hukum Singh's death from addiction--but also disrupts ecological balance. Forced monoculture replaces food crops, leading to famine and biodiversity loss. Ghosh symbolically shows how opium alters animal behavior, highlighting its broader environmental impact. The narrative critiques colonial scientific institutions through the limited role of a French botanist, whose work contrasts with the deep ecological respect embodied by Paulette, a "child of nature." Women like Deeti and Sarju preserve seeds, symbolizing resistance, continuity, and ecological hope. The Ganga River stands as a spiritual and ecological force, offering sustenance and prophetic vision. Through these elements, Ghosh underscores the deep environmental degradation, loss of indigenous knowledge, and spiritual disconnection wrought by colonial exploitation.

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Colonialism, Opium, Environment, Ecological degradation, Spirituality

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This research integrates empirical findings on Java inheritance usage from over 100000 classes, showing 75% participation in shallow hierarchies, with JVM Garbage Collection (GC) dynamics. While deep subclass chains elevate GC overhead via object promotion, JDK 25's G1 default, compact headers, and Generational ZGC/Shenandoah mitigate these costs by 20-30%. We propose a novel framework correlating inheritance depth metrics with GC traces validated conceptually against Qualities Corpus trends advocating composition over deep inheritance for the modern JVM.

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Inheritance Patterns and JVM Garbage Collection: An Empirical Analysis Enhanced by JDK 25 Innovations

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