Volume 13 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

The research explores the gendered dimensions of political violence in Bangladesh, focusing on the period since 2010 and the role of international human rights law in addressing such issues. Political violence in Bangladesh has disproportionately affected women, manifesting in targeted attacks, sexual violence, and exclusion from political processes. Drawing on case studies, legal analyses and findings the study examines how gendered political violence intersects with systemic patriarchy, cultural norms, and political instability. This research contributes to understanding the complex interplay between gender, political violence, and international legal frameworks in Bangladesh. With an emphasis on the function of UN interventions and treaties like CEDAW in fostering responsibility and minimizing gender-based harm, this study explores the relationship between international human rights institutions and gendered violence. It also looks into gaps in domestic legal frameworks and implementation, emphasizing how difficult it is to translate international commitments into local settings. The results indicate that although international human rights law has established a framework for norms, due to a lack of political will, ingrained cultural prejudices, and poor enforcement, its influence is still restricted. In addition to prevalent patriarchal views, social and cultural conventions enforce gender-specific duties, privileges, and responsibilities in a discriminatory and stereotyped manner. The paper concludes that while international human rights frameworks offer a crucial normative foundation, the persistent challenges in enforcement, political will, and societal biases hinder their transformative potential in addressing gendered violence in Bangladesh.

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 Keywords

Bangladesh, political violence, CEDAW, Human rights, United Nations

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The work presented in this evaluates the use of buccal formulation for the enhancement of bioavailability of simvastatin. Buccal delivery of this drug bypasses the liver thereby first pass metabolism is avoided which resulted in the improved bioavailability. The feasibility of delivering simvastatin was investigated by conducting exvivo permeation studies using fresh porcine buccal mucosal membrane. Quality control tests were carried out followed by invitro release studies, moisture absorption studies, invitro residence time and evaluation of mechanical properties. Finally, a suitable formulation was selected and permeation studies of patches were conducted exvivo by using fresh porcine buccal mucosal membrane.

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Key words: Buccal drug delivery, Buccal membrane, Simvastatin, Sustained drug release.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The goal of the current numerical analysis is to compare the effectiveness of the unique leading edge wing shape tube cross section to both circular and trailing edge wing shape tube cross sections with equivalent diameter and similar hydrodynamic and thermal boundary conditions. The entire research is numerical analysis using computational fluid dynmaics ANSYS Fluent v16. Various inline pitch to tube diameter ratios (p/d) of 1.2 to 1.8 are tested and evaluated for Re from 3500 to 19,000. Additionally, determine the ideal inline tube pitch due to the increased heat transfer rate and decreased pressure drop with increasing inline pitch distance.

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 Keywords

Fluid flow over noncircular tube, simulation of pressure drop and simulation of heat transfer rate, leading edge wing shape tube

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

There is rapid growth in the renewable energy sector owing to the global movement towards sustainable energy sources and increasing concern about reducing carbon emissions. Notwithstanding the potential that the field holds, companies within it have numerous challenges such as demand fluctuations, high capital costs, and changes in regulatory frameworks. This study assesses and compares the financial performance of two major renewable energy companies: IREDA and Suzlon Energy Limited. The study would cover an analysis of critical financial parameters for the past five years from FY 2019-20 to FY 2023-24, through the analysis of financial ratios to bring out the liquidity, solvency, profitability, and market value of the companies. The study also employs statistical testing using an independent t-test to find out whether significant differences exist between the financial performances of the two companies on various financial ratios. The findings of this study helps to understand the financial health of renewable energy companies and, hence, form an empirical basis on which their financial viability and growth potential can be evaluated in a competitive and fast-evolving industry. This research pinpoints the strengths and weaknesses of each company and provides an understanding for all investors, stakeholders and policymakers in renewable energy development.

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 Keywords

Renewable Energy, Financial Performance, Ratio Analysis, IREDA, Suzlon Energy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The CRISPR-Cas9 system has revolutionized gene editing, offering unprecedented precision and efficiency. However, delivering Cas9 protein to specific cells and tissues remains a significant challenge. Here, we present a novel drug delivery system for targeted CRISPR-Cas9 protein delivery. Our approach utilizes a nanoparticle-based platform to encapsulate Cas9 protein and guide RNA (gRNA), ensuring stable and efficient delivery to target cells. The nanoparticles are engineered with targeting ligands to facilitate cell-specific uptake and reduce off-target effects. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the efficacy of our delivery system in achieving targeted gene editing. We observe significant reductions in off-target effects and improved specificity compared to traditional viral vector-based approaches. This CRISPR-Cas9 protein delivery system holds promise for the treatment of genetic diseases, offering a safer and more efficient alternative to existing gene editing therapies. Future studies will focus on optimizing the delivery system for clinical applications and exploring its potential in treating a range of genetic disorders.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Gene editing, CRISPR-CAS9 protein, Drug delivery

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT This paper attempts to review how family provides an important foundation for an individual's emotional and psychological development and how resilience plays a role to adapt and thrive in the face of adversity. Several literatures have been reviewed to collect pertinent, timely research on the chosen topic, and synthesized it into a cohesive summary of existing knowledge in the field. One of the main objectives of this paper is to examine the role of family support, communication, and cohesion in fostering resilience among individuals facing adversity or challenges. It may be concluded that families play a multifaceted role in the development of positive resilience by acting as role models, and teaching children healthy coping mechanisms. On the other hand, negatively by exposing them to unfavourable familial adverse experiences like parental separation, physical and mental abuse, and alcoholism. Some individuals acquire resilience instinctively when they go through difficulties in life during their growing up years.

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Resilience, Family, Family Dynamics, Human Development, Adversity, support systems

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sustainability is one of the important goals of the business sector to provide service to society through various activities and it makes a positive impact economically, and environmentally on society. Business models for sustainability provide the solution for the social issues and their challenges in various areas. But the motive of business also has to be achieved by business activities. The involvement of customers in business plays a very important role in knowing the present needs of the customer and providing proper service as per the requirements of the market situation. Customer-centric is the latest discussion in the business world to understand the potential customer's preferences and to implement the strategies in business. The present study aims to study the economic viability and customer-centric for sustainable growth in the banking industry.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Customer-Centric, Sustainable growth, Sustainable dilemma

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Serverless computing represents a significant shift in cloud computing, offering developers the ability to focus on application logic without worrying about underlying infrastructure. This paper provides a comprehensive exploration of serverless computing by examining its benefits, challenges, and diverse use cases. By analysing foundational and contemporary research, it highlights the cost efficiency, scalability, and operational simplicity provided by serverless architectures. The study also addresses key challenges such as resource management, vendor lock-in, and performance variability. Furthermore, it explores practical applications in areas like multimedia services, dynamic web hosting, and edge computing. The findings emphasize the transformative potential of serverless computing while exploring opportunities for future research and innovation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Serverless computing, Cloud computing, Application logic, Cost efficiency, Scalability, Operational simplicity, Resource management, Vendor lock-in, Performance variability, Multimedia services, Dynamic web hosting, Edge computing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract Bhabani Bhattacharya's Shadow from Ladakh (1966) explores the complex impact of urbanization and modernity in post-independence India, set against the backdrop of the 1962 Sino-Indian War. The novel presents a symbolic conflict between Steel Town, representing industrial progress, and Gandhigram, embodying Gandhian self-sufficiency. Through the contrasting perspectives of Satyajit, an advocate of modernization, and Sumitra, a proponent of traditional values, Bhattacharya examines the socio-economic, environmental, and psychological consequences of rapid industrialization. While urbanization brings economic opportunities, it also leads to worker exploitation, environmental degradation, and cultural alienation. The novel critiques the dehumanizing effects of unchecked industrialization while acknowledging its role in national development. Bhattacharya ultimately advocates for a harmonious synthesis of tradition and modernity, emphasizing that industrial progress must be guided by ethical and humanitarian considerations. This paper analyses the impact of urbanization and modernity in Shadow from Ladakh, drawing on the novel's themes, character dialogues, and critical interpretations. Bhattacharya's vision remains relevant today as India continues to grapple with the challenges of sustainable development, environmental preservation, and cultural identity in the face of modernization.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Urbanization, Modernity, Industrialization, Gandhian Philosophy, Tradition vs. Progress, Socio-Economic Change, Environmental Impact, Cultural Identity, Sustainable Development, Psychological Consequences, Ethical Industrialization, Rural vs. Urban Conflict.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Traditional centralized storage systems face limitations like single points of failure, security breaches, and limited scalability. Decentralized file storage systems using blockchain offer a compelling alternative. This paper presents such a system, focusing on data integrity, privacy, and accessibility without a central authority. Blockchain's distributed ledger secures data transactions, ensuring transparency and immutability. Cryptographic hashing, data encryption, and consensus algorithms enhance security and prevent unauthorized access. Files are sharded and distributed across a node network, with blockchain storing metadata for retrieval. This architecture improves fault tolerance and enables cost-effective scaling by leveraging unused storage. Token-based incentives encourage node participation. Potential applications include secure data sharing, archival storage, and sensitive information management in sectors like healthcare, finance, and IoT. This blockchain-based storage system offers a secure, scalable, and transparent platform, addressing the vulnerabilities of traditional systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Scalability, Decentralized, Blockchain, Hashing, Data files

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition