Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

ABSTRACT Agriculture is an important sector of Indian economy as it contributes about 13% to the total GDP and provides employment to over 58% of the population. Indian agriculture has registered impressive growth over last few deduces. The food grain production has increased from 51 million tones in 1950-51 to 265 million tones during 2016-17 highest ever since in dependence. The present study is based on Arphal canal irrigation project. The study concludes that there are great differences in the agriculture system per and post arphal canal irrigation projects. Signification shift has been observed in cropping pattern.

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Key words Agriculture, Irrigation, Cropping Pattern, projects, Drought, Monsoon

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Guru Ravidas was born in the 15th century near the oldest city of Hindu mythology, Banaras. He existed during the time when the bhakti wave had reached its peak and was towards decline. Although since bhakti thought was present even in the Vedic and pre-Vedic age, in the form of sacrifice,it would not be accurate to indicate a decline in the bhakti, but the wave was reaching its diminishing days. In the vast and complex spiritual landscape of India, saint poetry has long served as a potent instrument for both mystical exploration and social critique. Emerging from the Bhakti and Sufi traditions between the 12th and 18th centuries, Saint poets such as Kabir, Ravidas, Tukaram, Lal Ded, and Bulleh Shah articulated a deeply personal connection with the divine that simultaneously challenged rigid societal norms (Achmare, 77). The work produced by Guru Ravidas became extremely important as he was writing when the wave of bhakti had reached him after creating various bhakti sects in the southern region of India. He was influenced by the bhagats before him, resulting in creating a version of bhakti in Varanasi which represented all the bhaktas' work who wrote before him, whether it be the Alvar Nayanmars, warkari, vashvanite, kashmari shavism and other regional bhakti sectors. He represented them all. The core element of bhakti, which was travelling throughout India from the 5th to the 17th century, when it reached Guru Ravidas in the 15th century, had perfected its essence, which was bridal mysticism. Guru Ravidas' take on it as a devotee of Hari (Krishna) was quite simple yet appealing. The mysticism and nirgun bhakti expressed by him in his bani are exceptional because it includes all hierarchical representations of human civilization of his time. He wrote of his love for the divine like many other bhagats before him, with complete, total surrender and highlighting the social evil which prevailed in his time, engaging not just the spiritual ideologies but also with social issues of his time. His poetry makes one believe and understand love is not just in individuality but is in a union. Another profound element of his poetry was nirgun bhakti; wherever he was, whatever he did, God was included. He writes as if he were incomplete without God and preached to everyone a divine union with Hari. This paper explores some of Guru Ravidas's poetry, the echoes not just of his benevolent bridal mysticism but also the nirgun bhakti preached by him during his lifetime, still alive in his poetry.

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Bhakti, Mysticism, Nirgun Bhagti , Arti, Alchemy and lover

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The article examines how Bulgaria, as an energy-import-dependent EU member, can use strategic planning to strengthen energy security while pursuing decarbonization and coping with geopolitical shocks like the Russia-Ukraine war. It argues that ad hoc, reactive policy is no longer viable and must be replaced by long-term, evidence-based planning that coordinates multiple institutions and stakeholders. Using Bulgaria as a case, the author applies tools such as PESTEL to map political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal constraints on the energy transition, from coal-dependent regions and affordability issues to investment needs, grid modernization and EU regulatory pressures. A key thread is the tension between coal phase-out, social stability in coal regions, and the need to rapidly expand renewables and storage while diversifying away from Russian fuels in a "friend shoring" context. The article concludes that success depends on policy coherence, early and well-funded just transition measures, systematic integration of geopolitical risk, and adaptive management with rigorous monitoring, turning strategic planning from a formal document exercise into a living process that can guide Bulgaria's choices over the next decades.

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Strategic planning, energy security, Bulgaria, EU member, EU regulatory

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Economic dependency, domestic violence, financial autonomy, women's empowerment, gender-based violence, Andhra Pradesh, income control

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Abstract The healthcare industry has undergone substantial modifications as a result of developments that allow telemedicine services to fulfill the needs of patients. The current research aims to identify the factors that impact in shaping loyalty (LOY), engagement (ENG), and word-of-mouth (WOM). The research model incorporates Customer Relationship Management (CRM) framework, LOY, ENG , and WOM with satisfaction (SAT) and trust (TRU) as a moderator. Data were collected through a survey of 241 respondents representing diverse professions, geographical regions, and educational backgrounds, and analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) with IBM AMOS. Findings suggest that all factors significantly deter LOY, ENG, and WOM, while personalization is the most significant. SAT and TRU significantly moderate the association between perceived value (PV) and LOY, ENG, and WOM, while PV is a mediator. It was also found that PV positively impacts on LOY, ENG, and WOM. The study also sets the path for future research that will investigate undiscovered dimensions and enhance tactics for improving telemedicine services.

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Keywords: Telemedicine, Customer Relationship Management, Perceived Value, Trust, Satisfaction, Loyalty, Engagement

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A 25-year-old female with a confirmed diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presented with sudden onset of painful, reddish rashes on both lower limbs. She complained of burning sensation and swelling around the ankles and shins, without any recent history of infection or drug intake. On clinical examination, multiple palpable purpuric lesions were observed symmetrically distributed over the lower extremities, particularly around the knees, shins, and dorsal feet. Laboratory investigations showed elevated inflammatory markers (CRP and ESR), mild anemia and a positive ANA profile consistent with SLE. Renal function was normal. A skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of leukocytoclastic vasculitis, revealing neutrophilic infiltration around the blood vessels, along with nuclear debris and fibrinoid degeneration of the vessel walls. The patient was managed with systemic corticosteroids (prednisolone), hydroxychloroquine, and supportive care. Over the course of several weeks, the lesions gradually regressed, with residual post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is a small-vessel vasculitis often triggered by infections, medications, or autoimmune disorders such as SLE. It typically presents as non-blanching palpable purpura and may be self-limiting or chronic, depending on the underlying etiology. In SLE, vasculitis represents disease activity and requires prompt immunosuppressive therapy. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent systemic involvement and scarring.

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Leukocytoclastic vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, immunosuppressive therapy

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The Mah?bh?rata is not merely an epic narrative but a vast repository of India's traditional knowledge systems encompassing philosophy, ethics, governance, education, psychology, diplomacy, and social values. This paper examines the diverse traditional knowledge frameworks embedded in the Mah?bh?rata and analyzes their relevance for contemporary value education. Through episodes, dialogues, and character portrayals, the epic communicates foundational principles such as dharma (righteous conduct), karma (moral causation), n?ti (ethical governance), vidy? (holistic knowledge), and sa?sk?ra (moral refinement). The study highlights how pedagogical methods in the Mah?bh?rata--including dialogue, experiential learning, mentorship (guru-?i?ya tradition), storytelling, and moral reflection--serve as effective tools for inculcating values such as truthfulness, empathy, self-restraint, social responsibility, and ethical leadership. By situating these traditional knowledge systems within present-day educational contexts, the paper argues that the Mah?bh?rata offers a culturally rooted yet universally applicable framework for value-based education. The findings suggest that integrating these indigenous knowledge traditions into modern curricula can foster ethical awareness, critical thinking, and holistic development, thereby addressing contemporary moral and social challenges while preserving India's intellectual heritage.

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Mah?bh?rata, Traditional Knowledge Systems, Value Education, Dharma, Indigenous Knowledge, Moral Philosophy, Holistic Education

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This paper explored the forced transformation of Afghan Female's human capital through a systematic exclusion from formal employment after the august 2021. With the usage of secondary sources evidence from UN agencies and recent academic literatures, they depicts that participation of female in acquiring education, healthcare, social activity and public sector tasks has been collapsed, with only 7 percent of women are employed. In response, women have redirected skills into informal digital and social commerce, now serving as the primary income source for over 80 percent of women-led households. The findings show that this shift represents survival-driven in formalization rather than empowerment. Severe financial exclusion, lack of human resource structures, and fragile digital infrastructure constrain sustainability. Grounded in human capital and informal labour frameworks, the study argues that virtual work stabilizes short-term livelihoods but suppresses long-term returns and professional growth.

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 Keywords

Afghan women, Agency under constraints, Digital entrepreneurship, Informal labour markets, Virtual human capital

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The Indian legal framework presents a conundrum where the constitutional pledge to gender equality often collides with patriarchal traditions embedded in personal and religious laws. The conundrum became evident in multiple legal laws. The Sabarimala verdict highlights the tension between women Right to temple entry and equality and the patriarchal tradition based religious restrictions. In Muslim personal law, practices of polygamy and sanctioning triple talaq2 sustain Male authority within family structure. This paper scrutinizes the role of Indian law and how it negotiates the tension between its principles and patriarchal norms.

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Patriarchy, Mitakshara, Dayabhaga, Legal, Hindu joint family, Feminist approach.

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The development of an IOT-based health monitoring system for disabled individuals aims to provide continuous, reliable, and real-time observation of vital health parameters using a microcontroller-based embedded platform. Disabled persons often require constant medical supervision due to limited mobility or underlying health conditions, and conventional healthcare systems may not offer timely assistance during emergencies. This system integrates physiological sensors such as heart rate, body temperature, and ECG sensors with a microcontroller to continuously acquire and process health data. The collected data is transmitted through an IOT communication module, such as Wi-Fi or GSM, to a cloud-based platform where it is securely stored, analyzed, and visualized for remote access by caregivers, family members, or healthcare professionals. Predefined threshold values are used to detect abnormal health conditions, and an automatic alert mechanism is activated to notify concerned personnel through notifications or messages, enabling rapid medical intervention. The proposed system is designed to be low-cost, energy-efficient, and user-friendly, making it suitable for long-term use in home-based healthcare environments. By enabling real-time monitoring and remote supervision, this system enhances patient safety, reduces the need for constant physical presence of caregivers, and significantly improves the quality of life and independence of disabled individuals.

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 Keywords

Arduino Microcontroller, Internet of Things (IOT), Heart Beat Sensor, Temperature Sensor

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